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1.
The present work aimed to investigate the presence of T. vivax DNA in the semen of experimentally infected goats. Twelve male goats native to the Brazilian Northeast, adults, were randomly assigned to two experimental groups: the infected group consisting of six goats infected intravenously with 0.5 mL of blood containing approximately 1.25?×?105 trypomastigotes of T. vivax, and a control group composed of six uninfected goats. After the infection, clinical examinations aiming to evaluate rectal temperature, parasitemia and hematocrit were performed. Semen samples were collected from goats by electroejaculation on the 7th, 14th and 21st days post-infection (dpi). The recombinant DNA-encoding gene encoding the L-like-specific gene for T. vivax. The infection was characterized by increased rectal temperature, high parasitemia and significant reduction of hematocrit values. Results for T. vivax DNA detection using TviCatL-PCR were positive in all semen samples from the infected group collected on 7th, 14th and 21st dpi. The presence of T. vivax DNA in 7th dpi suggests the early invasion of the parasite in the reproductive organs. Also, the finding of T. vivax DNA in all periods analyzed may suggest the continued elimination of the parasite in the semen, which may increase the chances of sexual transmission. Thus, T. vivax DNA is recorded for the first time in the semen of infected goats. Thus, these data are of great importance, since the detection of the T. vivax genetic material in the semen may point to the possibility that the parasite may be transmitted through the sexual pathway.  相似文献   

2.
试验旨在检测5-羟色胺-N-乙酰基转移酶(AANAT)基因在绵羊休情季节和繁殖季节(卵泡期和黄体期)卵巢组织中的转录差异,并分析转录差异是否由DNA甲基化修饰程度改变所导致。试验采用自然环境条件和饲养管理一致,且体重差异在0.5 kg范围内的空怀母滩羊作为试验动物,采集其休情期、卵泡期和黄体期(每个时期3只)的卵巢组织,采用SYBR染料法进行实时荧光定量PCR检测AANAT基因在滩羊不同繁殖时期卵巢组织中的转录水平。随后针对转录水平有差异的两个时期(休情期和卵泡期)的样本,利用MethPrimer 2.0在线软件预测AANAT基因启动子区和第一外显子区的CpG岛;用重亚硫酸盐测序法(BSP法)检测AANAT基因启动子区及第一外显子区的甲基化程度。试验结果显示,滩羊休情期卵巢组织中AANAT基因转录水平显著低于卵泡期的AANAT基因转录水平(P<0.05),休情期与黄体期滩羊卵巢组织中AANAT基因的转录水平差异不显著(P>0.05)。滩羊卵巢组织中AANAT基因启动子区上存在着一个长度为173 bp的CpG岛,第一外显子区存在着一个长度为118 bp的CG岛。然而,两个甲基化岛区内的单个CpG位点甲基化程度在滩羊休情期和卵泡期之间均不存在显著差异,暗示AANAT基因的表达受甲基化修饰外的因素调控。本研究结果可为进一步探讨AANAT基因在季节性发情和卵泡成熟中的功能提供参考资料。  相似文献   

3.
试验旨在检测5-羟色胺-N-乙酰基转移酶（AANAT）基因在绵羊休情季节和繁殖季节（卵泡期和黄体期）卵巢组织中的转录差异,并分析转录差异是否由DNA甲基化修饰程度改变所导致。试验采用自然环境条件和饲养管理一致,且体重差异在0.5 kg范围内的空怀母滩羊作为试验动物,采集其休情期、卵泡期和黄体期（每个时期3只）的卵巢组织,采用SYBR染料法进行实时荧光定量PCR检测AANAT基因在滩羊不同繁殖时期卵巢组织中的转录水平。随后针对转录水平有差异的两个时期（休情期和卵泡期）的样本,利用MethPrimer 2.0在线软件预测AANAT基因启动子区和第一外显子区的CpG岛;用重亚硫酸盐测序法（BSP法）检测AANAT基因启动子区及第一外显子区的甲基化程度。试验结果显示,滩羊休情期卵巢组织中AANAT基因转录水平显著低于卵泡期的AANAT基因转录水平（P<0.05）,休情期与黄体期滩羊卵巢组织中AANAT基因的转录水平差异不显著（P>0.05）。滩羊卵巢组织中AANAT基因启动子区上存在着一个长度为173 bp的CpG岛,第一外显子区存在着一个长度为118 bp的CG岛。然而,两个甲基化岛区内的单个CpG位点甲基化程度在滩羊休情期和卵泡期之间均不存在显著差异,暗示AANAT基因的表达受甲基化修饰外的因素调控。本研究结果可为进一步探讨AANAT基因在季节性发情和卵泡成熟中的功能提供参考资料。  相似文献   

4.
Toxoplasmosis, caused by Toxoplasma gondii, is a parasitic zoonosis of crucial medical and veterinary importance. It is mainly diagnosed by serological methods which are limited by insufficient sensitivity. Therefore, it is necessary to rely on direct detection of the parasite. The present study was aimed for direct detection of the parasite DNA in the blood samples of sheep and goats using PCR targeting the B1 gene. The study was carried out in 20 small ruminant farms between 2016 and 2018 in Tebessa region, part of north-eastern Algeria, and concerned 227 and 91 aborted female sheep and goats respectively. DNA of T. gondii was detected in 35.24 % and 18.68 % blood samples of sheep and goats respectively (p < 0.001). Molecular prevalence was higher in 13−24 month old female sheep (93.33 %) than 1−12 month old female sheep (14.37 %) (p < 0.0001). While, in goats no significant difference was observed in relation to age. Female sheep that aborted between 1−60 days of gestation were found to be more infected (46.41 %) compared to females that aborted between 61−120 days of gestation (12.16 %) (p < 0.001). Whereas, female goats that aborted between 61−120 days of gestation were found to be more infested (30.77 %) compared to females that aborted between 1−60 days of gestation (16.67 %) (p < 0.001). This study revealed that small ruminants are highly infected with T. gondii, which represents a major risk for the consumer in Tebessa. Further studies are needed to improve our knowledge of the different genotypes of T. gondii infecting small ruminant population.  相似文献   

5.
In rats, rabbits, sheep, and goats experimentally infected with several strains of Trypanosoma brucei, the trypanosomes were observed to localise extravascularly in connective tissues. Focal inflammatory reactions were associated with the localisation of the parasites. Trypanosoma congolense in the same species of animals and T. vivax in sheep and goats, were not observed to localise outside blood vessels. On the basis of these observations it appears that the pathogenesis of the disease caused by T. brucei differs from that caused by T. congolense and T. vivax.  相似文献   

6.
Assays dealing with the therapeutic and prophylactic activity of isometamidium on experimental infections by Trypanosoma vivax and T. evansi were carried out. The drug was found to be highly effective against T. vivax infection in sheep and cattle in which periods of protection ranging from 118 to 195 days were achieved. No complete effects against infection by T. evansi were observed. The drug was well tolerated in sheep and cattle while side-effects were noted in treated mares. It was concluded that isometamidium could be used to prevent damage and economical losses caused by T. vivax in Venezuela.  相似文献   

7.
为了探讨犬卵巢组织结构和生殖周期阶段的相关性,试验对犬不同生殖周期阶段卵巢的外观形态和组织结构进行观察。结果表明,犬卵泡期、黄体期和乏情期卵巢体积分别为812.63、1081.80和446.03 mm3,黄体期高于卵泡期和乏情期(P＜0.05),卵泡期高于乏情期(P＜0.05);卵泡期、黄体期和乏情期卵巢质量分别为0.89、1.14和0.71 g,卵泡期低于黄体期且高于乏情期,但3者之间不存在显著性差异(P＞0.05);卵泡期卵巢中可见较多次级卵泡和少量成熟卵泡,黄体期卵巢中可见部分次级卵泡和闭锁卵泡,并有大量黄体存在,乏情期卵巢中卵泡类型主要以原始卵泡为主。可见,犬卵巢形态及组织结构与所处生殖周期阶段有关。  相似文献   

8.

Background

Ethiopia, particularly in the Northwest region, is affected by both tsetse and non-tsetse fly transmitted trypanosomosis, with significant impact on livestock productivity. The aim of this study was to determine and compare clinical findings and haematological values between experimental infections induced by Trypanosoma vivax isolates from areas of either transmission mode. Sixteen young (aged between 6 and 12 months) Zebu cattle (Bos indicus), purchased from a trypanosome-free area and confirmed to be trypanosome-negative, were randomly assigned into four groups of four animals. Groups 1, 2 and 3 were infected with an isolate from a tsetse infested or one of two isolates from a non-tsetse infested area, and group 4 was a non-infected control. All animals in the infected groups were inoculated intravenously with 2 × 106 trypanosomes from donor animals. The experimental animals were monitored for eight consecutive weeks post infection for clinical signs, parasitaemia and haematological changes in packed cell volume (PCV), haemoglobin concentration (Hgb), total red blood cell (RBC) and white blood cell (WBC) counts, differential WBC count and blood indices (mean corpuscular volume [MCV], mean corpuscular haemoglobin and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration).

Results

Infection was characterized by reduced feed intake, weakness, pyrexia, parasitaemia, rough hair coat, enlarged prescapular lymph nodes, lacrimation, weight loss, pallor mucus membrane and dehydration. Body weight loss in all infected groups was significantly higher than in the non-infected control. Similarly, body weight loss was higher (P < 0.001) in animals infected with the tsetse infested isolate than with the non-tsetse infested isolates. The mean PCV, Hgb, total RBC and WBC counts were lower (P < 0.001), and mean MCV was higher (P = 0.01) in all infected groups than in non-infected control animals at different time points during the study period. Except for minor variations in haematological values, the overall changes were similar in all infected groups.

Conclusion

Clinical signs and significant reduction in haematological values in the infected groups indicated the pathogenicity of the T. vivax parasites. Pathogenicity of T. vivax from the non-tsetse infested area can be considered as nearly as important as that of its counterpart derived from the tsetse infested area.  相似文献   

9.
The effect of simultaneous infections with trypanosomes (Trypanosoma vivax and Trypanosoma congolense) and gastrointestinal nematodes on the productivity of sheep and goats was studied in 20 animals (6 male goats and 14 male sheep) at a farm near Maputo. The animals were divided into 4 groups which received either treatment against gastrointestinal nematodes, or against trypanosomes, or treatment against both, or no treatment at all.In two-weekly and later in weekly intervals body weight, packed cell volume, body temperature, worm egg burdens and occurence of trypanosomes in the peripheral blood were recorded. Body temperature and packed cell volume did not show the expected close relation to an infection with either trypanosomes or gastrointestinal nematodes, but the differences in the increase of body weight among the 4 groups were very considerable.Animals receiving both treatments gained an average of 13.5 kg in body weight in 40 weeks compared with 5.1 kg (surviving animals with treatment against worm parasites), 6.5 kg (surviving animals with treatment against trypanosomes) and 3.4 kg (surviving animals without any treatment). Of the last 3 groups 1 sheep (21 kg), 2 sheep (50 kg) and 1 sheep (21 kg), respectively, died.One goat, treated against gastrointestinal nematodes, but suffering from an infection with Trypanosoma vivax and Trypanosoma congolense was killed at the end of the experiment. A striking finding during the post-mortem examination was the complete hyperplasia of the red-marrow of the right and left femur.  相似文献   

10.
Leptospirosis is a bacterial zoonotic disease that causes severe reproductive problems in livestock and generates economic losses for farmers. This study aimed to determine the seroprevalence of anti-Leptospira antibodies in small mammals, both wild and domestic, in two distinct areas of the semi-arid region of northeastern Brazil: the National Park of Serra das Confusões (NPSC), state of Piauí, a preserved area; and rural areas in the municipalities of Petrolina and Lagoa Grande, state of Pernambuco, non-preserved areas. Serum samples were evaluated using the microscopic agglutination test (MAT). Approximately 4% (6/152) of the wild animals were positive, all of them in the non-preserved area. Overall, the seroprevalence rates among goats and sheep were 13.4 (77/576) and 4.6% (24/518), respectively, confirmed in both areas. The seroprevalence rates in dogs and cats were 5.6 (10/180) and 4.7% (2/43) and were determined only in the non-preserved area. The risk factors associated with Leptospira spp. infection were as follows: ages of 1–3 and > 3 years for goats and sheep, region (preserved area) for goats, intensive management system for sheep, and region (non-preserved area) for dogs and wildlife. The present study confirmed the presence of circulation of Leptospira spp. in both of these areas of the Caatinga biome, as well as a variety of serotypes in these areas.  相似文献   

11.
Two FAO/IAEA indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA), which use microplates precoated with denatured crude Trypanosoma congolense or Trypanosoma vivax antigen for detecting anti-trypanosomal antibodies in bovine sera, were evaluated for their sensitivity, specificity and positive and negative predictive values, using 320 Ugandan field samples (known negative sera, n = 80; known positive sera, n = 80; cattle herds where control of tsetse and trypanosomosis was practised, n = 80; and cattle herds where there was no such control, n = 80). Cut-off points of 30% and 25% positivity were determined for the T. congolense and T. vivax assays, respectively, using a modified ROC (receiver operating characteristic) analysis. The T. congolense assay had estimated diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of 63.7% and 57.5%, respectively, while the T. vivax assay had estimated diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of 81.3% and 81.3%, respectively. The two assays conducted in parallel had estimated diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of 82.5% and 88.7%, respectively. Using the sera from the cattle in the area with control (detected prevalence of trypanosomosis 0%), both the T. congolense and T. vivax assays had negative and positive predictive values of 100% and 0%, respectively. Using the sera from the cattle in the area without control (detected prevalence of trypanosomosis 15%), the T. congolense assay had negative and positive predictive values of 91% and 33%, respectively, and the T. vivax assay had negative and positive predictive values of 93% and 27%, respectively. The T. congolense assay was in fair agreement with the buffy coat technique (BCT) ( = 0.25), while the T. vivax assay was in substantial agreement with the BCT ( = 0.625), and both assays conducted in parallel were in substantial agreement with the BCT ( = 0.708). Both assays were found to be proficient and suitable for the diagnosis of bovine trypanosomosis, especially when used in parallel.  相似文献   

12.
A study to compare the profitability of rearing sheep and goats under natural trypanosomosis challenge was carried out on Galana ranch in south-eastern Kenya between July 1996 and October 1997. Seventy-nine male weaner sheep and 79 male weaner goats were monitored monthly for weight changes and fortnightly for trypanosomosis. The animals of each species were divided into two groups. Group 1 was an untreated control, while group 2 was treated with isometamidium chloride (Samorin) at 0.5 mg/kg body weight every 3 months. In both groups, trypanosome infections were detected by microscopy and treated with diminazene aceturate (Veriben), at 3.5 mg/kg body weight, when the packed cell volume reached 17% or below. The profitability of each drug regime was expressed as the marginal revenue over the cost of trypanosomosis (MOT). There were greater losses occasioned by trypanosomosis in sheep than in goats. Animals of both species on chemoprophylaxis gave higher MOT values than those that received chemotherapy on diagnosis. However, the MOT values for the chemoprophylactic regime were higher for sheep than for goats, suggesting that the greater weight gain by sheep more then compensated for the higher cost of maintaining them under high trypanosomosis challenge. Thus, a Galana rancher would be better off keeping sheep rather than goats, other things being equal. The marginal revenue per dose of Samorin was lower than that of Veriben for both species, suggesting that strategic use of Samorin timed to precede the peak incidence of trypanosomosis might be a better option to raise the overall profitability in sheep and goats.  相似文献   

13.
Summary Measurements of blood and plasma volumes using131I-albumin, and of red cell volume using51Cr in goats and sheep infected withTrypanosoma vivax for 1 to 2 months (at which time the anaemia was severe) showed statistically significant increases in blood volume (29 per cent and 57 per cent) and plasma volume (44 per cent and 59 per cent), and decreases in red cell volume per kilogram body weight (49 per cent and 50 per cent) in goats and sheep respectively. Total serum proteins and gamma globulins increased, while serum albumin decreased,inT. vivax infected sheep and goats, These findings indicate that the anaemia manifested, with mean packed cell volume decreased by 60 per cent and 47 per cent in goats and sheep respectively at the time of red cell volume measurements, is attributble partly to haemodilution and partly to an actual decrease in total volume of circulating red blood cells.
Resumen Mediciones del volumen plasmático y sanguíneo utilizando131I-albúmina y del volúmen eritrocítico utilizando51Cr en cabras y ovejas infectadas conTrypanosoma vivax por 1 a 2 meses (cuando la anemia era severa), mostraron incrementos estadísticos significativos en volúmen sanguíneo (29% y 57%) y disminución del volúmen eritrocítico por kilogramo de peso corporal (49% y 50%) respectivamente. El total de proteínas séricas y de gama globulinas aumentaron mientras que las sero-albúminas disminuyeron. Estos cambios indican que la anemia observada cuando el hematocrito decrece en un 60 y 47 por ciento en cabras y ovejas respectivamente cuando se efectúan las mediciones del volúmen eritrocítico, es atribuíble parte a la hemodilución y parte a la disminución del volúmen total de eritrocitos circulantes.
Résumé L'étude des volumes de sang et de plasma à l'aide de l'albumine I131 et cell du volume des globules rouges par le Cr51 chez des chèvres et des brebis infestées parTrypanosoma vivax depuis un à deux mois (à ce moment l'anémie est sèvère) montre des différences statistiquement significatives dans l'accroissement du volume sanguin (29 p. 100 et 57 p. 100) et du volume plasmatique (44 p. 100 et 59 p. 100) et dans la diminution du volume des globules rougespar kg de poids vif (49 p. 100 et 50 p. 100) respectivement chez les chèvres et les moutons. Le total des protéines sériques et des gamma globulines a augmenté alors que les albumines sériques diminuaient chez les animaux infestés parT. vivax. Ces recherches montrent que l'anémie constatée, avec dimunition de 60 p. 100 chez les chèvres et de 47 p. 100 chez les moutons due volume des globules rouges, est attribuable pour partie à l'hémolyse et pour partie à une diminution certaine du volume total des globules rouges en circulation dans le sang.
  相似文献   

14.
Trypanosoma vivax (EATRO 1721) organisms were isolated by DEAE-cellulose chromatography from blood of an experimentally infected calf. Attempts to agglutinate the purified trypanosomes with a rabbit antiserum against whole bovine serum or antisera monospecific for bovine IgG1, IgG2, IgM, complement component C3 or albumin were unsuccessful. The trypanosomes, however, were agglutinated by immune sera of four different calves chronically infected with T. vivax (EATRO 1721). It was concluded that T. vivax organisms purified by DEAE-cellulose chromatography from blood of cattle do not have bovine serum proteins on their surface.  相似文献   

15.
Summary

The feel of horses, sheep, and goats of different breeds and from many different localities were examined for Chorioptes bovis. In horses, mites were mainly found in the Belgian and Frisian breeds (40% and 62% infected, respectively). In sheep and goats, respectively 63% and 86% were infected. In horses as well as in sheep and goats, mange‐lesions were rarely seen. A number of sheep and goats were examined for mites and lesions quantitatively. In sheep all mites were restricted to the region close to the accessory digits and the claws. In goats the average number of mites was higher than in sheep, and mites could be found on all locations of the feet at least as far as the carpal and tarsal joint. Both in sheep and goats the biggest density of mites was found just below the accessory digits. When crusts were present, they were generally small and hidden under the coat. In sheep, which were housed for a long period, crusts were seen more often and were more distinct than in pastured animals. A negative correlation between the number of mites and the presence and extensiveness of crusts was observed A possible explanation for this phenomenon is suggested. From the results of this study it is clear that there is no necessity to list chorioptic mange in sheep and goats as a notifiable disease.  相似文献   

16.
The aim of this study was to measure the levels of inflammatory mediators in serum from horses naturally infected with Trypanosoma vivax. Banked serum samples collected during a previously reported T. vivax natural infection were used to analyze proinflammatory cytokines such as interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 1 (IL-1), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and nitrite/nitrate (NOx) levels. We evaluated 12 serum samples from horses from a farm in southern Brazil, four of which had parasitological and molecular diagnoses for T. vivax and presented with clinical signs of disease. Cytokines were assessed by quantitative sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and NOx was measured using the modified Griess method. Levels of IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-1, IL-6, and NOx were increased in serum of infected animals compared to that in noninfected animals. Therefore, infection with T. vivax caused an increase in proinflammatory cytokines and nitric oxide content.  相似文献   

17.
Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.  相似文献   

18.
Q fever is a zoonotic infection threatening human health, causing abortions in cattle, sheep and goats. Coxiella burnetii (C. burnetii) also causes serious problems such as low birth weight, infertility. This study is the first exemplary for analysis of Q fever around Black Sea region in Turkey. In the study, a total of 270 aborted fetuses (171 cattle, 79 sheep, 20 goats) and 1069 tick samples were aimed to be searched by PCR method. C. burnetii DNA was detected in 8 (2.96 %) of 270 sheep specimens while it could not be found in cattle and goat specimens. 406 sample pools were created from 1069 tick samples (490 male, 579 female) collected from 254 farm animals (187 cattle, 54 sheep, 13 goats) and 11 of these were stated positive. Tick species determined as C. burnetii positive were Hyalomma marginatum, Hyalomma anoliticum excavatum, Hyalomma detritum and Boophilus annulatus. Agent isolation was carried out within embryonated eggs. Agents were stained with Giemsa and was showed. Sequence analysis was performed for TUR/SAM/coxiella_1 (MN917207) isolate and phylogenetic tree was created. This tree, created in compliance with IS1111 transposon gene, did not form different branches in regard to host affiliation (goat, sheep, tick, human) and geographical distribution. As a result, an important zoonotic agent, C. burnetii was diagnosed in sheep aborted fetuses and the infection was proved to have spread among sheep herds in Black Sea region. Besides, 4 separate tick species found in our region hosted the agent and were found important for infection.  相似文献   

19.
Isometamidium chloride has been used for the control of trypanosomosis in animals for over 36 years, but recently there have been reports of prophylaxis failure under natural conditions. In this study, use of the drug for prophylactic purpose against trypanosomosis in small ruminants was investigated. Forty-two sheep and 44 goats were divided into four treatment groups. Groups 1 and 2 were treated with isometamidium chloride (Samorin, Rhone Merieux, Lyon, France) at 3-month intervals while groups 3 and 4 were used as controls. All the animals were exposed to natural tsetse challenge and monitored for serum isometamidium levels and anti-trypanosome antibodies. Seven days after drug administration, isometamidium levels were significantly higher in goats 13.7+/-0.07 ng/ml than in sheep 6.2+/-0.06 ng/ml. However, the elimination half-life in the sheep was 14.2+/-0.92 days and was significantly higher (P> 0.05) than that of the goats 12+/-0.5 days. This study established that isometamidium metabolism differs between sheep and goats and this difference may have important implications in high tsetse challenge areas.  相似文献   

20.

A total of 1000 clinically healthy small ruminants comprising 500 sheep and 500 goats from five districts within Riyadh Province in Saudi Arabia were investigated by routine Giemsa staining for hematozoan parasites. Out of these, 100 sheep and 95 goat samples were investigated by PCR using three pairs of hemoprotozoan-specific primers. Based on microscopic examination, 33.2% of sheep and 25.2% of goats were found infected with hemoprotozoan parasites, while PCR detected hematozoan infection in 46% of sheep and 33.7% of goats. Extensive molecular characterization of hematozoan infection using six pairs of species-specific primers revealed the dominance of Theileria ovis, rather than any other species, which is recorded for the first time in small ruminants in Saudi Arabia. Prevalence of T. ovis in sheep and goats was found to be the highest in Riyadh (32, 48%) followed by AL-Kharj (31, 35%), Ad-Dawadimi (31, 33%), AL-Majmaah (15, 27%), and Rumah (17, 23%). The highest parasite prevalence was recorded in the 3 years of age and >?4 years of age ruminants, while the lowest prevalence was recorded in <?1 year of age ruminants. No noticeable differences in parasite prevalence between male or female ruminants were recorded. Partial sequencing of 18S rRNA gene revealed the infection of the studied ruminants with four new isolates of T. ovis. Further characterization of the pathogenicity and the clinical effects of these T. ovis isolates in sheep and goats is highly needed. The current results can be helpful in protecting and improving livestock industry in the countries that depend on a high number of small ruminants.

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