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1.
Naturally occurring antihormones: secretion of FSH antagonists by women treated with a GnRH analog 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is a glycoprotein essential for gonadal development and steroidogenesis. Recent studies suggest that deglycosylation of FSH results in the formation of antagonistic proteins that are capable of binding to gonadal receptors but that are devoid of bioactivity. Treatment of hypogonadal women with an antagonist of gonadotropin-releasing hormone substantially decreased serum FSH bioactivity with minimal changes in immunoreactivity. Chromatofocusing and size fractionation of the serum samples indicated the secretion of immunoreactive FSH isoforms that are devoid of bioactivity but that are capable of blocking FSH action in ovarian granulosa cells. These findings provide the first demonstration of naturally occurring circulating antihormones. These FSH antagonists may play an important role in the physiology and pathophysiology of the gonads. 相似文献
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【目的】卵巢颗粒细胞的增殖和分化是原始卵泡生长启动的关键因素,卵巢颗粒细胞过度凋亡是卵泡闭锁的主要原因,因此卵巢颗粒细胞的功能对卵泡生长发育、排卵、激素分泌等至关重要。研究通过探究连环蛋白β1（catenin beta 1, CTNNB1）对猪卵泡发育过程中颗粒细胞的增殖、凋亡及类固醇激素分泌等功能的影响,为猪卵泡发育的分子调控机制研究提供参考。 【方法】利用RNA抽提、实时定量PCR（Quantitative real time PCR, qRT-PCR）等方法,构建CTNNB1在母猪卵巢、肌肉、大脑等9个组织的表达谱;检测母猪性成熟过程中卵巢组织和小（≤3 mm）、中（3—6 mm）、大（≥6 mm）卵泡颗粒细胞中CTNNB1的表达情况。构建CTNNB1的真核表达载体及合成siRNA,转染至猪卵巢颗粒细胞,采用EdU、Annexin V- FITC/PI双染、ELISA等方法,检测CTNNB1对颗粒细胞增殖、凋亡、类固醇激素分泌的影响,以及对类固醇激素合成通路重要基因转录表达的影响。【结果】与肌肉、大脑等组织相比,CTNNB1在卵巢中mRNA表达水平最高。性成熟母猪卵巢中CTNNB1转录水平显著高于性成熟前和性成熟后的母猪;卵巢卵泡中CTNNB1转录和蛋白水平随卵泡发育明显上调;且卵巢颗粒细胞中CTNNB1转录和蛋白水平也随卵泡的发育逐渐上调。更重要的是,CTNNB1显著促进颗粒细胞增殖,抑制颗粒细胞凋亡;CTNNB1能够上调CYP1A1和HSD17B7的转录水平,下调CYP11A1、ESR1、ESR2、FSHR、LHR和NR5A1等类固醇激素合成相关基因的转录水平,进而促进颗粒细胞雌激素的分泌,抑制颗粒细胞雄激素和孕激素的分泌。【结论】本研究证实CTNNB1可能通过促进颗粒细胞增殖及雌激素的合成和分泌,抑制颗粒细胞凋亡及雄激素、孕激素的合成和分泌,进而促进卵泡的生长发育。 相似文献
4.
Male contraception; synergism of gonadotropin-releasing hormone analog and testosterone in suppressing gonadotropin 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Long-term administration of either superactive analog's of gonadotropin-releasing hormone or of testosterone suppresses gonadotropin secretion in male animals and humans. Testosterone administered in combination with gonadotropin-releasing hormone analog further suppresses serum gonadotropin levels in male rats. This observation indicates synergistic activity and suggests that the gonadotropin-releasing hormone analog and testosterone act at independent sites within the hypothalamic-pituitary axis. The primary actions of superactive analog are probably mediated by changes at a postreceptor site in the pituitary gonadotropin-secreting cells. 相似文献
5.
Receptor-associated resistance to growth hormone-releasing factor in dwarf "little" mice 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Anterior pituitaries from the dwarf mouse strain "little" did not release growth hormone or accumulate adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cyclic AMP) in response to human and rat growth hormone-releasing factor (GRF). Dibutyryl cyclic AMP, as well as the adenylate cyclase stimulators forskolin and cholera toxin, markedly stimulated growth hormone (GH) release. The basis of the GH deficiency in the little mouse may therefore be a defect in an early stage of GRF-stimulated GH release related either to receptor binding or to the function of the hormone-receptor complex. 相似文献
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Epidermal growth factor and fibroblast growth factor inhibited follicle-stimulating hormone-dependent induction of luteinizing hormone receptor in cultured ovarian granulosa cells of the rat. In contrast, platelet-derived growth factor potentiated the induction of luteinizing hormone receptor by follicle-stimulating hormone. These results indicate that growth factors, well known for their effects on mitosis and DNA synthesis in cultured mammalian cells, are also able to modulate hormone-dependent differentiation in an endocrine target cell. 相似文献
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Regulation of phosphodiesterase synthesis: requirement for cyclic adenosine monophosphate-dependent protein kinase 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
Endogenous cyclic adenosine monophosphate (AMP) and its dibutyryl derivative increase cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase activity in cultured lymphoma cells. This effect is prevented by cycloheximide. A variant population of cells deficient in cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase contains lower basal phosphodiesterase activity, which cannot be induced by cyclic AMP. 相似文献
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An increase in adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cyclic AMP) in rat mast cells, achieved by stimulating the cells with prostaglandin E(1), by preventing cyclic AMP breakdown with aminophylline, or by adding exogenous dibutyryl cyclic AMP, prevented complement-mediated cytolysis as assessed by both histamine release and vital dye exclusion. Dibutyryl cyclic AMP also suppressed water-induced osmotic lysis. 相似文献
10.
Cyclic guanosine and adenosine 3',5'-monophosphates in canine thyroid: localization by immunofluorescence 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
E F Fallon R Agrawal E Furth A L Steiner R Cowden 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1974,184(4141):1089-1091
When guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cyclic GMP) and adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cyclic AMP) are localized in canine thyroid by a flurescence Immunocytochemical procedure, distinct staining patterns for each nucleotide are seen: Cyclic AMP is distributed throughout the follicular cell cytoplasm before and after administration of thyroid-stimulating hormone, while cyclic GMP is localized to the follicular cell mumbrane in the control state, and increased cytoplasmic fluorescence is visualized after acetylcholine. These data provide histological evidence that correlates with cyclic nucleotide tissue measurements, sugesting diverse roles of the two nucleotides in thyroid function. 相似文献
11.
Adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate waves in Dictyostelium discoideum: a demonstration by isotope dilution--fluorography 总被引：25，自引：0，他引：25
The distribution of adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cyclic AMP) in fields of aggregating amoebae of Dictyostelium discoideum was examined by a novel isotope dilution-fluorographic technique. Cellular cyclic AMP was visualized by its competition with exogenous 3H-labeled cyclic AMP for high-affinity binding sites on protein kinase immobilized on a Millipore filter used to blot the monolayer. The cyclic AMP was distributed in spiral or concentric circular wave patterns which centered on the foci of the aggregations. These patterns were correlated with those of cell shape change that propagate through the monolayers: cells in regions of high concentrations of cyclic AMP were elongated (presumably moving up a cyclic AMP gradient), whereas those in regions of low cyclic AMP concentrations were randomly directed. The highest cyclic AMP concentrations were about 10(-6)M. The widths of the regions of elevated cyclic AMP were about 0.3 to 1 millimeter which, assuming a wave velocity of 300 micrometers per minute, suggests that a cell signals for about 1 to 3 minutes. These observations support the hypothesis that the aggregation process in Dictyostelium is mediated by the periodic relay of cyclic AMP signals and suggest a simple scheme for the dynamics of the aggregation process. 相似文献
12.
Selective reduction of forskolin-stimulated cyclic AMP accumulation by inhibitors of protein synthesis 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Inhibiting protein synthesis by incubating C6-2B rat astrocytoma cells with cycloheximide or emetine for periods up to 24 hours caused a progressive decrease in the accumulation of adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cyclic AMP) when the cells were challenged for 30 minutes with 100 microM forskolin. In contrast, cholera toxin-stimulated (6 nM, 3 hours) cyclic AMP accumulation was not diminished in cycloheximide-treated cells, and cyclic AMP was only minimally diminished in response to a 30-minute challenge with 10 microM (-)-isoproterenol. These experiments suggest the presence of a previously unrecognized cyclase component, which is essential for forskolin-stimulated cyclic AMP accumulation and has a shorter half-life than the beta-adrenergic receptor, the guanine nucleotide regulatory proteins, or the cyclase catalytic component. 相似文献
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高温诱导蛋鸡氧化损伤及对卵泡发育的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
【目的】研究高温诱导蛋鸡氧化损伤及对卵泡发育的影响,探讨环境高温抑制蛋鸡卵泡发育、降低产蛋量的机制。【方法】试验分两部分进行：试验一,将180只27周龄的海兰褐蛋鸡随机分为3个处理组,分别饲养于人工环境控制舱内,3个处理组分别为常温组（23℃,饲喂基础日粮）、日循环高温组（28—35—28℃,饲喂基础日粮）和高温补充VE组（28—35—28℃,饲喂基础日粮+250 IU•kg-1 VE）,试验期14 d;试验二,分离蛋鸡F1和F2卵泡颗粒层并制备颗粒细胞悬浮液,将颗粒细胞分别在39或44℃下培养。【结果】试验一结果显示,日循环高温显著抑制蛋鸡卵泡发育,表现为产蛋数量下降（P＜0.05）、卵巢重量降低（P＜0.05）、大卵泡数量减少（P＜0.05）,同时颗粒细胞层细胞色素P450胆固醇侧链裂解酶（P450scc）mRNA的表达量以及孕酮（P4）分泌量均显著（P＜0.05）减少;日循环高温还诱导蛋鸡氧化损伤,表现为蛋鸡血浆、肝脏和卵黄中丙二醛（MDA）水平上升（P＜0.05）;高温环境下补充250 IU•kg-1 VE,显著降低蛋鸡血浆、肝脏和卵黄中MDA水平（P＜0.05）,同时显著缓解高温对卵泡发育的抑制（P＜0.05）。试验二结果显示,提高培养温度可显著增加颗粒细胞中活性氧（ROS）的产生量（P＜0.05）,同时抑制颗粒细胞的增殖活性（P＜0.05）;培养液中添加VE预处理24 h可显著缓解高温的影响,表现为细胞ROS降低（P＜0.05）,细胞增殖活性增加（P＜0.05）。【结论】高温增加蛋鸡颗粒细胞ROS的产生量,诱导蛋鸡机体（肝脏,血浆和卵黄）氧化损伤,同时影响颗粒细胞增殖及分泌孕酮的能力,抑制蛋鸡卵泡发育;补充VE可以缓解高温诱导的蛋鸡氧化损伤,并缓解高温对卵泡发育的抑制。表明高温抑制蛋鸡卵泡发育与诱导蛋鸡氧化损伤有关。 相似文献
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为了进一步探讨在无血清体外培养条件下,促卵泡素(FSH)和胰岛素对绵羊卵巢颗粒细胞的影响,以优化颗粒细胞体外培养体系。试验设计6个FSH浓度梯度和3个胰岛素浓度梯度。体外培养7d后,检测培养体系中颗粒细胞数和雌激素浓度。与对照组相比,培养液中添加FSH与胰岛素可显著提高颗粒细胞的增殖和雌激素的分泌(P<0.01);且随着FSH浓度的增加,颗粒细胞数和雌激素分泌量显著增加,当FSH浓度为5.0μg·L-1时,雌激素分泌量最高;随着胰岛素浓度增加,颗粒细胞数和雌激素分泌量显著增加,当胰岛素浓度为10μg·L-1时,颗粒细胞数和雌激素分泌量最高。 相似文献
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Adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate modulates thyrotropin receptor clustering and thyrotropin activity in culture 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
A Avivi D Tramontano F S Ambesi-Impiombato J Schlessinger 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1981,214(4526):1237-1239
A biologically active rhodamine conjugate of thyrotropin binds at 4 degrees C to diffusely distributed membrane thyrotropin receptors which patch and become endocytosed into thyroid cells in a temperature-sensitive process. When the cells are first incubated with 8-bromo-cyclic adenosine monophosphate at 37 degrees C, the conjugate also binds to clustered receptors at 4 degrees C. Furthermore, 8-bromo-cyclic adenosine monophosphate reduces the amount of adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cyclic AMP) induced by thyrotropin. Hence, increased intracellular cyclic AMP induces receptor patching and reduces the concentration of cyclic AMP normally induced by thyrotropin. This suggests that cyclic AMP acts both as the second messenger of thyrotropin and also as the regulator of the level of thyrotropin receptors. 相似文献
16.
P S Klein T J Sun C L Saxe A R Kimmel R L Johnson P N Devreotes 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1988,241(4872):1467-1472
During the early stages of its developmental program, Dictyostelium discoideum expresses cell surface cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cyclic AMP) receptors. It has been suggested that these receptors coordinate the aggregation of individual cells into a multicellular organism and regulate the expression of a large number of developmentally regulated genes. The complementary DNA (cDNA) for the cyclic AMP receptor has now been cloned from lambda gt-11 libraries by screening with specific antiserum. The 2-kilobase messenger RNA (mRNA) that encodes the receptor is undetectable in growing cells, rises to a maximum at 3 to 4 hours of development, and then declines. In vitro transcribed complementary RNA, when hybridized to cellular mRNA, specifically arrests in vitro translation of the receptor polypeptide. When the cDNA is expressed in Dictyostelium cells, the undifferentiated cells specifically bind cyclic AMP. Cell lines transformed with a vector that expresses complementary mRNA (antisense) do not express the cyclic AMP receptor protein. These cells fail to enter the aggregation stage of development during starvation, whereas control and wild-type cells aggregate and complete the developmental program within 24 hours. The phenotype of the antisense transformants suggests that the cyclic AMP receptor is essential for development. The deduced amino acid sequence of the receptor reveals a high percentage of hydrophobic residues grouped in seven domains, similar to the rhodopsins and other receptors believed to interact with G proteins. It shares amino acid sequence identity and is immunologically cross-reactive with bovine rhodopsin. A model is proposed in which the cyclic AMP receptor crosses the bilayer seven times with a serine-rich cytoplasmic carboxyl terminus, the proposed site of ligand-induced receptor phosphorylation. 相似文献
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Growth inhibition by adenosine 3',5-monophosphate derivatives does not require 3',5' phosphodiester linkage 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Analogs of adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cyclic AMP) inhibit the growth of cultured cell lines. The effects of 8-bromo- and N6-butyryl-substituted analogs of cyclic and noncyclic AMP on six cell lines were examined and were equally inhibitory. Variant cell lines with altered cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase were more resistant to both cyclic and noncyclic nucleotides. We conclude that growth inhibition by analogs of cyclic AMP (i) does not require a 3',5' phosphodiester bond and (ii) may be mediated by a pathway involving endogenous cyclic AMP. 相似文献
18.
曹盛丰 《上海交通大学学报(农业科学版)》1993,(3)
胰岛素样生长因子 I(IGF-I)分子量约7000道尔顿,IGF-I 结合蛋白对 IGF-I具有保护和调节作用.卵泡颗粒细胞 IGF-I 的分泌受促性腺激素、雌二醇、卵泡大小、各种生长因子及颗粒细胞自身的调节.在卵泡,IGF-I 刺激卵泡颗粒细胞的代谢、增生、分化,甾体激素的生成及受体的诱导,并对膜-间质细胞具有旁分泌作用. 相似文献
19.
VELARDO JT 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1960,131(3397):357-359
Immature rats given minute doses of highly purified pituitary gonadotropins (follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone) 7 to 100 days after hypophysectomy ovulated and formed corpora lutea. Neither hormone alone was effective. Luteinizing hormone repaired in part the atrophied theca interna and interstitial tissue, and follicle-stimulating hormone stimulated the development of the granulosa cells. 相似文献
20.
Failure to confirm cyclic AMP as second messenger for norepinephrine in rat cerebellum 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Microiontophoretic applications of adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cyclic AMP) to spontaneously active, electrophysiologically identified Purkinje cells of the rat cerebellum failed to mimic the strong depressant action of norepinephrine on the same cells. These findings, in combination with a reevaluation of other studies, cast doubt on the hypothesis that cyclic AMP mediates the depressant actions of norepinephrine in the cerebellum. 相似文献