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饲粮不同蛋白质、能量水平对两岁梅花公鹿生茸期鹿茸产量及体重的影响 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6
为探讨两岁梅花公鹿生茸期饲粮中适宜的能量浓度和粗蛋白质水平,本项研究选用72头试验鹿,于1992年3月18日至8月27日对两岁梅花鹿生茸前期和生茸期进行了饲养试验和消化试验。两者均采用2(CP∶21％和18％)×2(GE∶4.05Mcal/kg和3.85Mcal/kg)二因子交叉实验设计。试验饲粮均由玉米青贮饲料、玉米面、豆粕、熟大豆粉、麦麸、骨粉等组成。在饲养试验中期进行消化试验,以测定能量、粗蛋白质及粗纤维的消化率。试验结果表明,高蛋白质(21％)组的粗蛋白质和可消化粗蛋白质日食入量(448g,368g)明显高于低蛋白质(18％)组(404g,313g),平均产茸量无显著差异(分别为209g和202g)(P>0.05),平均体重略高于低蛋白质组(分别为18.3kg和17.7kg),但组间差异也不显著(P>0.05)。在本试验所设能量浓度范围内(2764～3092Kcal/kg)提高饲粮能量浓度并不增加鹿茸产量,体增重也无明显提高。试验说明,两岁梅花鹿生茸期饲粮含粗蛋白质18.5％,可消化粗蛋白质14.5％,消化能2770Kcal/kg,蛋能比52g/Mcal,对产茸和体重增长较适宜,即两岁梅花公鹿生茸期平均产规格二杠茸200g以上,体重增加17～18kg时,每日需要采食粗蛋白质410g,可消化粗蛋白质315g,消化能6.1Mcal。消化试验结果表明,高能与高蛋白质饲粮有提高粗蛋白质、总能及粗纤维消化率的作用,低能与低蛋白质饲粮则有相反的作用。 相似文献
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饲粮粗蛋白质、能量水平对3岁梅花公鹿鹿茸生长和体增重的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为探讨 3岁梅花鹿生茸期饲粮适宜营养水平 ,本研究采用 2 (CP∶2 1%和 19% )× 2 (GE∶16 74MJ/kg和 15 90MJ/kg)二因子交叉设计 ,选用 3岁 (二锯 )梅花公鹿 6 7头 ,分为 4个试验组 ,进行了饲养试验和消化试验。试验结果表明 ,饲粮蛋白质水平对鹿体增重有显著影响 (P <0 0 5 ) ,在本试验所设能量浓度范围内 ,饲粮蛋白质水平为 19%处理组鹿体增重显著高于 2 1%蛋白组 ;鹿茸产量组间差异不显著 (P >0 0 5 ) ;饲粮粗蛋白质水平对蛋白质消化率和能量消化率均有显著影响 (P <0 0 5 ) ;3岁梅花鹿生茸期饲粮中能量、蛋白质适宜水平分别为 15 9～ 16 7MJ/kg (GE)和 19% (CP) ;平均每头鹿每天对消化能和可消化蛋白质的需要量分别为 2 9 9～ 31 3MJ和 388～ 394 g。 相似文献
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三岁梅花鹿生茸期日粮中适宜钙、磷含量水平的研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
为探讨三岁梅花鹿生茸期日粮中适宜的Ca、P水平，选择45只健康和生茸正常的梅花鹿，采用3个日粮处理水平组（Ⅰ：0．60％Ca、0．32％P；Ⅱ：0．89％Ca、0．52％P；Ⅲ：1．17％Ca、0．71％P）进行对比饲养试验和茸血化验分析。试验结果表明：以鹿茸产量和鹿茸于鲜比为主要依据，三岁梅花鹿生茸期日粮中适宜的Ca、P水平分别为0．89％和0．52％；日粮Ca、P水平对锯茸时鹿茸血清中的Ca含量有影响，而对P的含量影响不大。 相似文献
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公鹿生茸时期,需要丰富的营养物质。配制合理日粮,满足鹿的营养需要乃是提高鹿茸产量和品质的重要措施。鱼粉是动物性蛋白质补充饲料,在草食动物的配合饲料中很少采用,为明确鱼粉对鹿茸生产的价值,于1980年做了公鹿生茸期饲喂鱼粉饲料的试验。现初报如下。 相似文献
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为探讨生茸期梅花鹿日粮中铜的最适宜添加范围,将20只2岁雄性梅花鹿随机分成A、B、C、D共4组,每组5只。A组饲喂不添加铜的全价颗粒料,B、C、D组在全价颗粒料的基础上分别添加15、40、80 mg/kg蛋氨酸螯合铜。结果:梅花鹿生茸期日粮加铜,改善了营养物质消化率,除干物质外,对其他营养物质消化率影响均达到显著或极显著水平(P<0.05或P<0.01),变化趋势40 mg/kg时发生改变;梅花鹿生茸期日粮中添加铜对血液生化指标有影响,其中对血清铜蓝蛋白活性影响最为显著(P<0.05),当日粮铜添加量为40 mg/kg时,其活性达到最大值;梅花鹿日粮加铜,对血清及毛中铜含量影响显著(P<0.05);梅花鹿鹿茸产量随日粮加铜量的增加呈现先上升后下降的趋势,在日粮铜添加量为40 mg/kg时,茸产量达到最大值;梅花鹿鹿茸氨基酸含量随日粮加铜量的增加而增加,鹿茸含铜量随铜水平的增加呈现先上升后下降状态。综合各项指标,梅花鹿生茸期日粮铜的适宜添加量为40 mg/kg。 相似文献
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《黑龙江畜牧兽医》2016,(18)
为了探究日粮蛋白质水平对梅花鹿生茸期鹿茸产量及血液酶活性的影响,试验采用单因素蛋白质因子3个水平(Ⅰ:28%,Ⅱ:24%,Ⅲ:20%)日粮设计,选出27头健康的4岁梅花鹿随机分配到3个不同蛋白质水平日粮组中(Ⅰ组为9头,Ⅱ组为10头,Ⅲ组为8头),进行饲养试验。结果表明:日粮蛋白质水平高低对鹿茸产量有影响。Ⅲ组鲜茸重与其他两组存在显著差异(P0.05),Ⅲ组显著高于Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组,Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组间差异不显著(P0.05),Ⅰ组、Ⅲ组间差异显著(P0.05),Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组间差异显著(P0.05);3个日粮蛋白组对丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、肌酸激酶(CK)和α-羟丁酸脱氢酶(α-HBDH)活性均无显著影响(P0.05)。日粮中蛋白质水平为20%时,鹿茸产量表现最好。 相似文献
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公鹿的生茸期正值春夏季节,公鹿在此期内新陈代谢旺盛,所需要的营养物质增多,采食量大。此阶段饲养的好坏,则会直接影响到鹿茸的生长。
公鹿生茸期需要大量的蛋白质、无机盐和维生素。为满足公鹿生茸的营养需要,不仅要供给大量精饲料和青饲料,而且还要提高日粮的品质和适口性,增加精饲料中豆饼和豆科籽实的比例。但含油量高的籽实（如大豆）, 相似文献
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养鹿的主要目的,获取优质高产的鹿茸。众所周知,鹿茸的高产和优质主要决定于公鹿的品种和体质。公鹿长茸期的体质优劣,依赖于对公鹿的饲养管理。在长茸期加喂全价蛋白质饲料和青绿多汁饲料,公鹿体质健壮,增加鹿茸产量。国外报道尿素、鱼粉喂牛,可提高产乳量和出肉率,并能代替部分蛋白质饲料。鹿也是反刍兽,但尿素、鱼粉喂鹿,对鹿茸产量与质量的影响方面的报道,国内外甚少。八○年和八一年,我们做了添加尿素和鱼粉喂长茸期公鹿的试验,效果显著,现将试验结果报告如下: 相似文献
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选用 10支东北梅花鹿茸作了不同部位总磷脂含量的比较分析。结果表明 ,东北梅花鹿茸由主杠顶端往下依次分为腊片、粉片、血片和骨片 4个部位 ,各部位之间总磷脂含量差异极显著 (P <0 0 1)。本结论可作为梅花鹿茸片分等的内在指标性成分 ,同时也为梅花鹿茸的分段利用提供了内在质量上的依据。 相似文献
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1. Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of level of inclusion of poultry by-product and enzyme-prebiotic supplementation on grower diet digestibility and the performance of broilers. 2. Six grower diets were formulated to provide a similar nutrient profile with the exception of using three graded levels of poultry by-product, namely 0, 25, 40 g/kg of the diet with and without supplementation of enzyme preparation at the rate of 1 kg per tonne of feed and prebiotic preparation at the rate of 2 kg per tonne of feed. The experimental diets were used from 3 to 6 weeks of age. 3. Body weights, feed intake and feed conversion efficiency were not affected by poultry by-product; however, enzyme-prebiotic had a significant positive effect on feed conversion efficiency at 0 to 6 weeks in experiment 1. 4. Crude protein digestibility was decreased by feeding the diet containing poultry by-product while ether extract digestibility was increased by poultry by-product at the rate of 25 g per kg of feed only. Dry matter retention, crude fibre digestibility and organic matter retention were not affected by poultry by-product. Dry matter and organic matter retentions, crude protein, ether extract and crude fibre digestibilities were not affected by enzyme-prebiotic. 5. Protein efficiency ratio (PER) values were increased by poultry by-product at the rate of 40 g per kg of feed and addition of enzyme-prebiotic. 相似文献
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The effect of replacement of soybean meal (SBM) by the velvet bean meal (VBM) as an alternative protein ingredient on the growth performance of broiler birds was investigated. The seed materials of velvet bean (VB) [Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC. var. utilis (Wall. ex Wight) Baker ex Burck], an under-utilized food legume collected from South India, was found to contain appreciable levels of proteins (265 g/kg DM); lipid (65.1 g/kg DM); Neutral Detergent Fiber (84.3 g/kg DM) and ash content (49.2 g/kg DM). Soaking in sodium-bi-carbonate solution + autoclaving treatment was found to cause substantial reduction on the levels of antinutritional compounds such as tannins (75%), L-Dopa (81%), phytic acid (70%), raffinose (92%), stachyose (89%), verbascose (71%), haemagglutinating activity (75%), trypsin inhibitor activity (78%) and α-amylase inhibitor activity (77%) without affecting the nutritional quality of VB seeds. Such processed VBM was incorporated as an alternative protein source by replacing the SBM protein at 0, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100% levels in the commercial type broiler diets. Replacement of SBM up to 40% level with VBM as an alternative protein ingredient in the poultry diet, which corresponds to the inclusion of VBM up to 15.7% in the starter feed and 11% in the finisher phase poultry feed, exhibited better growth performance of the broiler birds without any adverse effects. 相似文献
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西丰梅花鹿品种选育研究和推广效果 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
采用个体表型选择种鹿、单公群母配种和大群闭锁繁育的方法,并应用对幼鹿的科学培育和选育鹿科学饲养管理等综合配套技术,经过193 1～1973年7个世代家养舍饲繁育、1974年选定系祖鹿建立选育群和育种核心群至1995年3个世代的连续系统选育,由源于东北梅花鹿和地方品种的西丰梅花鹿品种,在西丰县育才等4个参茸场育成了半山区舍饲型的3 60 1只西丰梅花鹿品种,其中,核心群鹿92 9只,占2 5 8%。该品种具有体貌相对一致,体型中等,体质结实,鲜茸平均单产3 2 0 5kg,成品茸平均单产1 2 5 9kg,茸的支头大,嘴头肥大,优质率高( 70. 9% ) ,畸型茸率低( 7.6% ) ,繁殖成活率77 .8% ,生产利用年限10年,遗传性状稳定,茸重的遗传力为0.49,重复力0. 63 ,产仔日期重复力0 .68,种用年限2.2年,鲜茸重的遗传进展5 19g,年改进量89g ,F1的杂种优势率茸重性状13.0 4% ,繁殖成活率的为18.94% ,选育的第Ⅲ世代年只均新增纯收益成年公鹿10 3 0元,成年母鹿790元,已获经济效益12 2 1万元,科研投资年均纯收益率5 .63元/元;又经1996～2 0 0 4年在本县和2 0多个省、市、自治区上百家万余只的推广应用表明,西丰梅花鹿的生产性能和遗传性能稳定,稳产高产高效,年只均创净效益成年公鹿15 0 0元,成年母鹿160 0元,其杂交改良效果,尤其是与双阳 相似文献
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Pollard JC Littlejohn RP Johnstone P Laas FJ Corson ID Suttie JM 《New Zealand veterinary journal》1992,40(2):56-61
Heart rate and behaviour during and following velvet antler removal were monitored in yearling red deer stags to determine the extent to which this procedure was perceived by the deer to be aversive. Nine stags normally kept at pasture were habituated over 5 weeks to the following daily handling procedure. Each deer was fitted with a harness containing a heart rate monitor. It was then allowed to run through a fixed course in a deer yard, restrained for 40 s in a mechanical deer crush, and then confined for 3.5 h with the remainder of the group of stags in an indoor pen containing food and water. In Week 6, the deer were subjected to either restraint for 6 minutes (the control treatment) or removal of one velvet antler under local anaesthesia. Each velvet antler was removed on separate occasions, either on Days 1 and 2 (five deer) or Days 3 and 4 (four deer). The control treatment was applied to all deer when velvet antler was not being removed, and on Day 5. Heart rate and behaviour (time taken to enter the treatment area, and number of struggles made during restraint) were measured before and during treatment, and post-treatment activities were recorded at 0, 1 and 3 h (indoors), and at 6 and 9 h (at pasture). Heart rate was higher during the second velvet antler removal treatment than during the first, but lower during the second control treatment than the first (P<0.05). During velvet antler removal, stags struggled more, and after the treatment flicked their ears, shook their heads, and groomed themselves more than control stags (P<0.05). Stags whose velvet antler had been removed spent less time eating than control stags, and spent progressively more time sitting during the 3.5 h of confinement (P<0.05). However, during the paddock observation at 9 h post-treatment, stags which had had their velvet antler removed grazed more than control stags (P<0.05). The increase in heart rate over the two velvet antler removal treatments and the greater amount of struggling during velvet antler removal indicated that it was more aversive than the control treatment. Post-treatment differences in behaviour may have been due to pain following velvet antler removal. 相似文献
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Duodenal bacterial and nonbacterial protein supply in steers fed forage and grain diets 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Four beef steers (avg wt 300 kg) fitted with duodenal re-entrant cannulae were used to study the effect of dietary concentrate to forage ratio on bacterial and nonbacterial N flow in the duodenum. According to a change-over design, the steers were designated to receive an all forage (83% alfalfa hay and 17% wheat straw) and an 80% sorghum grain diet. Lignin (ADL) and chromium oxide (Cr2O3) ratio techniques were compared with automated total collection (ATC) of digesta for quantitating duodenal protein flow and efficiency of bacterial N yield in the rumen. Estimates of bacterial protein synthesis and ruminal escape of feed protein based on Cr2O3 and lignin tended to be higher by 8 to 16% than those obtained by ATC. Efficiency of ruminal bacterial protein yield estimated by these two markers tended to be greater than that based on ATC (16 vs 12 g of bacterial protein/100 g ruminal true digestion of dry matter corrected for bacterial cell synthesis). Efficiency values did not differ between diets. Crude protein flow into the duodenum was about 33% greater (P less than .01) for the grain than the forage diet, although protein intake was about 10% less on the grain diet. Duodenal bacterial protein, rather than feed protein escaping ruminal degradation, accounted for most of this difference. Average duodenal flow of N, expressed as g/Mcal metabolizable energy (ME) intake, was 11.9 for the forage diet and 10.3 for the grain diet.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) 相似文献
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AIMS: To investigate whether copper supplementation to rising 2-year-old red deer stags (Cervus elaphus) in winter and/or spring improved velvet antler weight, grade and financial value, and liveweight gain. METHODS: Rising 2-year-old red deer stags (n=142) on a commercial deer farm in Hawke's Bay were allocated to two groups on May 14, 1996. One group received 20 g boluses of copper-oxide wire particles. On August 15 each group was reallocated in a crossover design, each sub-group receiving either the same copper-oxide treatment or no treatment, to produce control, winter-only, winter-plus-spring, and spring-only copper treatment groups. Blood samples were collected for serum ferroxidase measurements from seven deer per group and all deer were weighed at 4-6-week intervals. Dates of antler casting and velvet removal, and velvet antler weight and grade were recorded, and the financial value of velvet calculated. Livers from a sample of deer slaughtered at the end of the trial mid-December were analysed to determine copper content. RESULTS: Supplementation with copper did not significantly alter velvet antler weight, daily velvet antler growth rate, days from casting to removal, grade or value, or stag liveweight gain. Serum ferroxidase concentrations averaged 10.0-23.7 IU/l in control deer. Copper supplementation increased mean serum ferroxidase concentrations by approximately 10 IU/l. Mean liver copper concentration in control deer was 99 micromol/kg and ranged from 194 to 386 micromol/kg in the three treated groups. CONCLUSION: Group mean serum ferroxidase concentrations of 10 IU/l and above are adequate for optimum velvet production and liveweight gain in rising 2-year-old stags. 相似文献
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为达到更好的锯茸止血效果,对梅花鹿锯茸时出血特点及锯茸止血药物应用效果进行了观察:收取初角茸时呈渗出状出血;收取二杠茸时呈线状出血;收取三杈茸和畸型茸时呈喷射状出血,并且有节律地进行搏动。出血量随着鹿茸的产量和茸根围度的增加而增多,但是当收取茸根围度为(20.3±0.6)cm的畸型茸时却不存在这种明显的相关关系。同一茸型不同年龄的鹿,因茸重、茸根围度的不同出血亦有差别。根据鹿茸的组织结构、生长规律和梅花鹿生理特点,选用由中药组成的外用锯茸止血药方剂,通过锯茸止血试验,结果表明,该锯茸止血药无刺激性,止血快,抗感染能力强,创面愈合良好,对再生茸产量没有明显影响(P>0.05)。 相似文献