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1.
The primitive, upland cotton landrace collection represents one of the untapped genetic resources in cotton breeding programs. Efforts to utilize these resources have been slow, but the development of day-neutral converted germplasm lines offers tremendous potential for broadening the genetic base in upland cotton. Using topcross hybrids involving elite germplasm from the unique Pee Dee germplasm enhancement program, we evaluated the breeding potential of a select number of day-neutral converted racestocks. The mean performance of parental lines and F2 topcross hybrids along with genetic effect estimates indicate that day-neutral converted germplasm lines decreased agronomic performance while increasing fiber quality performance. Results suggest that crosses between day-neutral converted racestocks and elite Pee Dee germplasm lines result in new allelic combinations associated with improved fiber quality performance that interact in a non-additive way. However, it appears that converted racestocks transmit negatively correlated alleles for agronomic performance and fiber quality. These negatively correlated allelic combinations present a major challenge for cotton breeding programs. Future efforts that incorporate DNA based selection methods to identify and fix introgressed segments from converted racestocks and their offspring should enhance the use of the genetic variation present in the primitive racestock germplasm accessions.  相似文献   

2.
Linghe Zeng  Jixiang Wu 《Euphytica》2012,187(2):247-261
Determination of genetic effects for lint yield and yield components in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) germplasm is critical for its utilization in breeding programs. This study was designed to apply the conditional approach and an additive and dominant model to analyze genetic effects for lint yield and yield components. Forty-eight F2 populations derived from crosses between four existent Upland cotton cultivars as female parents and 12 germplasm lines as male parents were evaluated at two locations in 2008 and 2009. Conditional and unconditional variance components were estimated by the mixed linear model based conditional approach. Lint yield and yield components were mainly controlled by genotypic effects, i.e., additive variance and dominance variance (≥66 % of total phenotypic variation). Lint percentage and lint index had the highest proportions of additive variance component to the total phenotypic variances. SP156 and SP205 had positive additive effects for lint yield and yield components, and were also parents of the most hybrids with positive predicted dominant effects. Therefore, these two lines are good combiners for development of both pure lines and hybrids. Positive additive contribution effects to lint yield from lint percentage, boll number, boll weight, and seed index were detected in different parents. Adding seed index to boll number and lint percentage increased additive contribution effects to lint yield from these two components relative to the contribution effects from either boll number or lint percentage alone. Results in this study suggest that boll number, lint percentage, and seed index should be balanced in pure line development.  相似文献   

3.
Upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutumL) is an important crop that is cultivated in warm climates through-out the world. Agronomic performance and fiber quality must continually be improved if cotton is to maintain economic viability. Primitive ancestors of cotton contain diversity for trait improvement; however, many of these accessions have a short-day flowering response (photoperiodic) and are not readily useable in breeding programs. In this study, 114 day-neutral derived primitive germplasm lines were evaluated in field trials for two years. Agronomic and fiber trait data were collected and analyzed. Variance components, genotypic values, and genotypic correlations were calculated. Genotypic effects for all traits studied made significant contributions to the phenotypic variation indicating genetic diversity among these lines. The predicted genotypic values showed a wide range of variation for agronomic and fiber traits. Weak genotypic correlations were found between yield and 2.5% span length and fiber strength, two important fiber traits. Although these day-neutral derived accessions had lower lint percentage, they had improved fiber length, strength, micronaire, and comparable yields with two commercial cultivars. Thus, these day-neutral derived accessions are sources of genetic variation that when used in breeding programs offer the potential to improve important traits and expand genetic diversity.Contribution of the USDA-ARS in cooperation with the Mississippi Agric. and Forestry Exp. Stn. Mention of trademark, proprietary product, or vendor does not constitute a guarantee or warranty of the product by USDA, ARS and does not imply its approval to the exclusion of other products or vendors that may also be suitable.  相似文献   

4.
Cotton breeders in the United States strive to develop region‐specific genotypes adapted to low temperatures and variable soil moistures during early‐season planting. Nine elite upland cotton germplasm (Gossypium hirsutum L.) lines, representing public breeding programmes from nine states across the cotton belt, were evaluated for cold and drought stresses during seed germination and seedling growth stages. Lines were subjected to three treatments, such as low temperature well‐watered (22/14°C, WW), optimal temperature drought stress (30/22°C, DS) and optimal temperature well‐watered (30/22°C, WW; control), to examine genotypic variability for cold and drought tolerance. The treatment including drought stress was irrigated at 50% of the control. Shoot and root traits measured at 25 days after planting were significantly affected by drought and low temperature, where significant genetic variability among lines was observed for both shoot and root parameters. Response indices were developed to quantify variation in the degree of tolerance among the lines to low temperature and drought. Accordingly, OA‐33 was identified as the most low‐temperature‐tolerant line and Acala 1517‐99 as the most drought‐tolerant line. Identification of both cold‐ and drought‐tolerant genotypes suggests existing genotypic variability could provide breeders the opportunity to improve cultivar response to early‐season drought or cold conditions.  相似文献   

5.
Drought and salt tolerances are complex traits and controlled by multiple genes, environmental factors and their interactions. Drought and salt stresses can result in more than 50% yield loss in Upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). G. barbadense L. (the source of Pima cotton) carries desirable traits such as tolerance to abiotic and biotic stress along with high fiber quality. However, few studies have been reported on mapping quantitative trait loci (QTL) for abiotic stress tolerance using a permanent bi-parental population in multiple tests. The transfer of drought and salt tolerance from Pima to Upland cotton has been a challenge due to interspecific hybrid breakdown. This issue may be overcome by using introgression lines with genes transferred from Pima to Upland cotton. In this study, four replicated tests were conducted in the greenhouse each for drought and salt tolerance along with another test conducted in a field for drought tolerance using an Upland recombinant inbred line population of TM-1/NM24016 that has a stable introgression from Pima cotton. The objectives of the study were to investigate the genetic basis of drought and salt tolerance and to identify genetic markers associated with the abiotic stress tolerance. A total of 1004 polymorphic DNA marker loci including RGA-AFLP, SSR and GBS-SNP markers were used to construct a genetic map spanning 2221.28 cM. This population together with its two parents was evaluated for morphological, physiological, yield and fiber quality traits. The results showed that drought under greenhouse and field conditions and salt stress in the greenhouse reduced cotton plant growth at the seedling stage, and decreased lint yield and fiber quality traits in the field. A total of 165 QTL for salt and drought tolerance were detected on most of the cotton chromosomes, each explaining 5.98–21.43% of the phenotypic variation. Among these, common QTL for salt and drought tolerance were detected under both the greenhouse and field conditions. This study represents the first study to report consistent abiotic stress tolerance QTL from multiple tests in the greenhouse and the field that will be useful to understand the genetic basis of drought and salt tolerance and to breeding for abiotic stress tolerance using molecular marker-assisted selection in cotton.  相似文献   

6.
Water stress is one of the major abiotic stresses that adversely affect cotton production. Seedlings of 142 backcross inbred lines (BILs) derived from Pima cotton ‘Pima S‐7’ (Gossypium barbadense L.) × Upland cotton ‘Sure‐Grow 747’(G. hirsutum L.) were evaluated in two tests for plant height, fresh shoot weight and root weight under two treatments (5% PEG and water‐control conditions) using a hydroponic system in the greenhouse. The experiment in each test was a randomized complete block design with three replicates. The analysis of variance for the two tests detected significant genotypic variation in PEG‐induced stress tolerance within the BIL population and between the parents. Heritabilities were moderate to high and were higher under the control conditions than under the PEG treatment, and the three traits were also significantly and positively correlated. Based on a linkage map with 292 loci, six QTLs were detected including two for plant height, and two each for fresh shoot weight and root weight. This study represents the first report in using a permanent mapping population in genetic and linkage analysis of water stress tolerance in cotton.  相似文献   

7.
To better understand the genetic diversity of the cultivated Upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) and its structure at the molecular level, 193 Upland cotton cultivars collected from 26 countries were genotyped using 448 microsatellite markers. These markers were selected based on their mapping positions in the high density G. hirsutum TM-1 × G. barbadense 3-79 map, and they covered the whole genome. In addition, the physical locations of these markers were also partially identified based on the reference sequence of the diploid G. raimondii (D5) genome. The marker orders in the genetic map were largely in agreement with their orders in the physical map. These markers revealed 1,590 alleles belonging to 732 loci. Analysis of unique marker allele numbers indicated that the modern US Upland cotton had been losing its genetic diversity during the past century. Linkage disequilibrium (LD) between marker pairs was clearly un-even among chromosomes, and among regions within a chromosome. The average size of a LD block was 6.75 cM at r 2 = 0.10. A neighbor-joining phylogenic tree of these cultivars was generated using marker allele frequencies based on Nei’s genetic distance. The cultivars were grouped into 15 groups according to the phylogenic tree. Grouping results were largely congruent with the breeding history and pedigrees of the cultivars with a few exceptions.  相似文献   

8.
Upland cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L. is the most widely planted cultivated cotton in the United States and the world. The other cultivated tetraploid species G. barbadense L. is planted on considerable less area; however, it produces extra long, strong, and fine fibers which spins into superior yarn. The wild cotton tetraploid species G. tomentosum Nuttall ex Seemann, native to the Hawaiian Archipelago also exhibits traits, such as drought tolerance, that would also be desirable to transfer to Upland cotton. Long-term breeding efforts using whole genome crosses between Upland and these species have not been successful in transferring very many desirable alleles into Upland cotton. Our chromosome substitution lines (CSL) have one chromosome or chromosome arm from an alien species backcrossed into the Upland cotton line,TM-1, via aneuploid technology. Five Upland cultivars were crossed with CS-B01, CS-T01, CS-B04, CS-T04, CS-B18 and CS-T18 and TM-1 the recurrent parent of the CSLs. This provided an opportunity to determine the effects of chromosomes 01, 04, and 18 from the three species in crosses with the five cultivars. Predicted genotypic mean effects of the parents, F2, and F3 generations for eight agronomic and fiber traits of importance were compared. The predicted hybrid mean effects for the three chromosomes from each species were different for several of the traits across cultivars. There was no single chromosome or species that was superior for all traits in crosses. Parental and hybrid lines often differed in the effect of a particular chromosome among the three species. The predicted genotypic mean effects for F2 and F3, with a few exceptions, generally agree with our previous results for additive and dominance genetic effects of these CSL.  相似文献   

9.
Verticillium wilt (VW, Verticillium dahliae) is a worldwide destructive soil-borne fungal disease and employment of VW resistant cultivars is the most economic and efficient method in sustainable cotton production. However, information concerning VW resistance in current commercial cotton cultivars and transfer of VW resistance from Pima (Gossypium barbadense) to Upland (Gossypium hirsutum) cotton is lacking. The objective of the current study was to report findings in evaluating commercial cotton cultivars and germplasm lines for VW resistance in field and greenhouse (GH) experiments conducted in 2003, 2006, and 2007. In the study, 267 cultivars and germplasm lines were screened in the GH, while 357 genotypes were screened in the field. The results indicated that (1) VW significantly reduced cotton yield, lint percentage, 50% span length and micronaire, but not 2.5% span length and fiber strength, when healthy and diseased plants in 23 cultivars were compared; (2) some commercial cotton cultivars developed by major cotton seed companies in the US displayed good VW resistance; (3) many Acala cotton cultivars released in the past also had good VW resistance, but not all Acala cotton germplasm are resistant; (4) Pima cotton possessed higher levels of VW resistance than Upland cotton, but the performance was reversed when the root system was wounded after inoculation; (5) VW resistance in some conventional cultivars was transferred into their transgenic version through backcrossing; and (6) some advanced backcross inbred lines developed from a cross between Upland and Pima cotton showed good VW resistance. The successful development of VW resistant transgenic cultivars and transfer of VW resistance from Pima to Upland cotton implies that VW resistance is associated with a few genes if not a major one.  相似文献   

10.
The narrow genetic base of elite Upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) germplasm has been a significant impediment to sustained progress in the development of cotton cultivars to meet the needs of growers and industry in recent years. The prospect of widening the genetic base of Upland cotton by accessing the genetic diversity and fiber quality of Pima cotton (Gossypium barbadense L.) has encouraged interspecific hybridization and introgression efforts for the past century. However, success is limited due mainly to genetic barriers between the two species in the forms of divergent gene regulatory systems, accumulated gene mutations, gene order rearrangements and cryptic chromosomal structure differences that have resulted in hybrid breakdown, hybrid sterility and selective elimination of genes. The objective of this paper is to provide a mini-review in interspecific hybridization between Upland and Pima cotton relevant to breeding under the following sections: (1) qualitative genetics; (2) cytogenetic stocks; (3) quantitative genetics; (4) heterosis, and (5) introgression breeding. Case studies of successful examples are provided.  相似文献   

11.
Frego (fg) bract is an important agronomic trait in tetraploid cotton, which has been widely introduced into several cotton varities or lines in the past several years. In order to help us further understand the underlying molecular mechanism of frego bract development, a map-base cloning strategy was used to localize the fg locus. An F2 population which comprised of 290 fg individuals derived from a cross of the multiple-marker line T582 (G. hirsutum, carrying the fg gene) with Hai7124 (G. barbadense) was constructed. Genetic linkage analysis was carried out to map of the fg locus with SSR and EST-SSR markers in tetraploid cotton. Genetic linkage analysis showed that the fg locus was flanked by the marker NAU3016 and NAU3172 on the long arm of chromosome 3, with the genetic distance of 0.3 cM and 4.7 cM, respectively. The information of fg locus provided the basic information for the final isolation of this important gene in tetraploid cotton, these marker information could be used in marker-assisted selection in cotton.  相似文献   

12.
The germplasm with exotic genomic components especially from Sea Island cotton (Gossypium barbadense L. Gb) is the dominant genetic resources to enhance fiber quality of upland cotton (G. hirsutum L., Gh). Due to low efficiency of phenotypic evaluation and selection on fiber quality, genetic dissection of favorable alleles using molecular markers is essential. Genetic dissection on putative Gb introgressions related to fiber traits were conducted by SSR markers with mapping populations derived from a cross between Luyuan343 (LY343), a superior fiber quality introgression line (IL) with genomic components from Gb, and an elite Upland cotton cv. Lumianyan#22 (LMY22). Among 82 polymorphic loci screened out from 4050 SSRs, 42 were identified as putative introgression alleles. A total of 29 fiber-related QTLs (23 for fiber quality and six for lint percentage) were detected and most of which clustered on the putative Gb introgression chromosomal segments of Chr.2, Chr.16, Chr.23 and Chr.25. As expected, a majority of favorable alleles of fiber quality QTLs (12/17, not considering the QTLs for fiber fineness) came from the IL parent and most of which (11/12) were conferred by the introgression genomic components while three of the six (3/6) favorable alleles for lint percentage came from the Gh parent. Validation of these QTLs using an F8 breeding population from the same cross made previously indicated that 13 out of 29 QTLs showed considerable stability. The results suggest that fiber quality improvement using the introgression components could be facilitated by marker-assisted selection in cotton breeding program.  相似文献   

13.
Flowering time has biological and agricultural significance for crops. In Upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), photoperiodic sensitivity is a major obstacle in the utilization of primitive accessions in breeding programs. Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) analysis was conducted in two F2 populations from the crosses between a day-neutral cultivar Deltapine 61 (DPL61) and two photoperiod sensitive G. hirsutum accessions (T1107 and T1354). Node of first fruiting branch (NFB) was used to measure relative time of flowering. Different flowering time genetic patterns were observed in the two populations. Two QTLs were found across five scoring dates, accounting 28.5 (qNFB-c21-1) and 15.9% (qNFB-c25-1) of the phenotypic variation at the last scoring date in Pop. 1107 (DPL61 by T1107); whereas, one major QTL (qNFB-c25-1) can be detected across five scoring dates, explained 63.5% of the phenotypic variation at the last scoring date in Pop. 1354 (DPL61 by T1354). QTLs with minor effects appeared at various scoring date(s), indicating their roles in regulating flowering at a lower or higher node number. Genetic segregation analysis and QTL mapping results provide further information on the mechanisms of cotton photoperiodic sensitivity. Part of a Ph.D. dissertation by senior author submitted to the Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Mississippi State University, December 2007. Contribution of USDA-ARS in cooperation with the Mississippi Agric. and Forestry Exp. Stn. Journal paper J. 11276 of Mississippi Agric. and Forestry Exp. Stn.  相似文献   

14.
Crosses between Gossypium barbadense L and Gossypium hirsutum L. (Upland cotton) have produced limited success in introgressing fiber quality genes into the latter. Chromosome substitution lines (CSBL) have complete chromosomes or chromosome arms from G. barbadense, line 3-79, substituted for the corresponding chromosome or arms in G. hirsutum in a near isogenic background of TM-1. We top crossed nine CSBL and their parents (TM-1 and 3-79) with five cultivars. Parental lines and their F2 populations were evaluated in four environments for agronomic and fiber quality traits. The CSBL and their F2 hybrids showed wide ranges for both agronomic and fiber traits of economic importance. Genetic analysis showed that additive variances were larger than dominance variances for lint percentage, boll weight, lint yield, fiber length, strength, elongation, micronaire, and yellowness; whereas, dominance variances were larger than additive variances only for uniformity of fiber length and equal for fiber reflectance. For all traits, except boll weight and lint yield, significant additive effects of one or more chromosomes from 3-79 in TM-1 background were greater than the corresponding TM-1 chromosome. In addition, we identified specific chromosomes from G. barbadense (3-79) that carry alleles for improvements in specific fiber quality traits in Upland cotton. Favorable additive effects of individual chromosomes or chromosome segments from 3-79 relative to corresponding chromosomes or chromosomes segments from TM-1 were identified in this study as follows: Lint percentage, chromosome/arms 10, 16-15; longer fibers, chromosome/arms 01, 11sh, 26Lo; more uniform fibers, chromosomes/arms 01, 11sh, 10, 17-11; stronger fibers, chromosome/arms 01, 11sh, 12sh, 26Lo, 17-11; fiber elongation, chromosomes/arms 01, 11sh, 26Lo, 10, 17-11; reduced fiber micronaire, chromosome/arms 01, 12sh, 4-15, 16-15, 17-11; fibers with more reflectance, chromosome/arms 10, 4-15, 16-15, 17-11; fiber with less yellowness, chromosome arms 4-15, 17-11. Based on the present study, we concluded that by using CSBL, favorable fiber quality alleles can be introgressed into Upland cotton, thus greatly improving the breeder’s ability for improvement of Upland cotton for a variety of traits. These data should provide useful genetic information to the cotton breeding industry at large.  相似文献   

15.
Sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) combined with SSRs, RAPDs, and RGAPs was used to construct a high density genetic map for a F2 population derived from the cross DH962 (G. hirsutum accession) × Jimian5 (G. hirsutum cultivar). A total of 4,096 SRAP primer combinations, 6310 SSRs, 600 RAPDs, and 10 RGAPs produced 331, 156, 17 and 2 polymorphic loci, respectively. Among the 506 loci obtained, 471 loci (309 SRAPs, 144 SSRs, 16 RAPDs and 2 RGAPs) were assigned to 51 linkage groups. Of these, 29 linkage groups were assigned to corresponding chromosomes by SSR markers with known chromosome locations. The map covered 3070.2 cM with a mean density of 6.5 cM per locus. The segregation distortion in this population was 9.49%, and these distorted loci tend to cluster at the end of linkage groups or in minor clusters on linkage groups. The majority of SRAPs in this map provided an effective tool for map construction in G. hirsutum despite of its low polymorphism. This high-density linkage map will be useful for further genetic studies in Upland cotton, including mapping of loci controlling quantitative traits, and comparative and integrative analysis with other interspecific and intraspecific linkage maps in cotton.  相似文献   

16.
The genetic base that cotton breeders commonly use to improve Upland cultivars is very narrow.The AD-genome species Gossypium barbadense,G.tomentosum,and G.mustelinum are part of the primary germplasm pool,too,and constitute genetic reservoirs of genes for resistance to abiotic stress,pests,and pathogens,as well as agronomic and fiber traits.  相似文献   

17.
There is a renewed interest in research and use of glandless (free of gossypol) Upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) that can produce edible seeds for human food and animal feed. However, there was a lack of information on yield potential of existing glandless germplasm since intermittent breeding activities for glandless cotton were stopped in the U.S. before 2000. The objectives of the present study were to test obsolete and exotic glandless germplasm for possible production and evaluate progress in direct pedigree selection within the existing glandless germplasm in eight field tests. In multiple tests, the glandless cotton Acala GLS yielded only 65–80 % lint of the glanded control Acala 1517-08 and 46–75 % lint of commercial transgenic cultivars. Most of obsolete glandless germplasm and their selections yielded <70 % of Acala 1517-08 and only three selections yielded 82–89 % of the control. Genetic variation in yield and fiber quality traits was seen from significant differences between selections within the same glandless germplasm, indicating the existence of residual genetic variation. Most importantly, three selections from exotic glandless germplasm out-yielded Acala 1517-08 by 4–9 %, one of which had desirable fiber quality traits. These promising glandless lines with comparable yields to commercial cotton make it possible to revitalize the glandless cotton industry. More field tests will be needed to evaluate their yield potential and adaptability in the U.S. Cotton Belt.  相似文献   

18.
Summary Inheritance of 81A genetic male-sterility with virescent marker character and its cytology in Upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) are presented. The chromosome number of 81A is normal, 2n = 52, and pollen abortion occurs mainly in the late uninuclear stage. Male-sterility and virescence in 81A are controlled by one pair of recessive gene. Because male sterility and virescence showed no recombination, pleiotropy is assumed. However, very close linkage could not be ruled out. Allelic tests indicated that virescence observed in 81A is non-allelic to all virescence genes identified earlier in Upland cotton and its male-sterility is non-allelic to msc1, msc2 and msc3 discovered in P.R. China. It is proposed that 81A male-sterile gene symbol be tentatively named to msc7. The development of 81A genetic male-sterile line associated with virescence trait could raise considerably the efficiency of the hybrid seed production in cotton.  相似文献   

19.
Non-coding sequences account for a majority of the higher plant genome, some of which have important effects in gene regulation and plant development. In an effort to develop molecular marker systems to search for polymorphisms associated with high fiber yield and quality in cotton, we have developed a methodology that could specifically target the regulatory regions of the cotton genome. In this study we designed 10-nucleotide degenerate promoter primers based on conserved core promoter sequences and tested their applicability in PCR amplifications in combination with 10-mer random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) primers. The amplified markers are called promoter anchored amplified polymorphism based on RAPD (PAAP-RAPD). Forty cotton genotypes with diverse genetic and geographical backgrounds were used to test the PAAP-RAPD system using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Based on PAAP-RAPD markers amplified from 12 primer combinations, the 40 genotypes were classified into five distinctive groups: two Upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) groups from China, another two Upland cotton groups from the USA, and one group from American Pima cotton (G. barbadense). The groupings are in general consistent with their genetic and geographical origins. Thirty-six PAAP-RAPD and RAPD fragments were cloned and four of them were further subjected to sequence analysis. Signal scanning using software PLACE confirmed that they contained an array of cis-regulatory sequences in addition to the core promoter sequences. The results demonstrate the potential application of PAAP-RAPD as a new marker system specifically targeting regulatory regions of the plant genome.  相似文献   

20.
Gossypium barbadense L. cotton has significantly better fiber quality than Upland cotton (G. hirsutum L.); however, yield and environmental adaptation of G. barbadense is not as wide as Upland. Most cotton in the world is planted to Upland cultivars. Many attempts have been made, over a considerable number of years, to introgress fiber quality alleles from G. barbadense into Upland. However, introgression barriers, primarily in the form of interspecific incompatibility, have limited these traditional approaches. The use of chromosome substitution lines (CSL) as a bridge should provide a more efficient way to introgress alleles from G. barbadense into Upland. We crossed 18 G. barbadense CSL to three cultivars and developed a random mated population. After five cycles of random mating followed by one generation of self-pollination to increase the seed supply, we grew the random mated population and used 139 G. barbadense chromosome specific SSR markers to assess a random sample of 96 plants for introgression. We recovered 121 of 139 marker loci among the 96 plants. The distribution of the G. barbadense alleles ranged from 10 to 28 alleles in each plant. Among the 96 plants we found individual plants with marker loci from 6 to 14 chromosomes or chromosome arms. Identity by descent showed little relatedness among plants and no population structure was indicated by a heat map. Using CSL we were able to develop a mostly Upland random mated population with considerable introgression of G. barbadense alleles which should be useful for breeding.  相似文献   

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