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1.
在成都平原区稻茬田油菜直播密度3.0×10^5株／hm^2条件下,选用川农油3号品种,开展了烯效唑浸种、拌种和叶面喷施的大田试验,探讨烯效唑施用方式对直播油菜农艺性状及产量的影响。结果表明,油菜种子对烯效唑较为敏感,烯效唑浸种、拌种处理,均明显降低直播油菜的出苗率和有效密度;烯效唑浸种处理对油菜成熟期农艺性状影响不大;烯效唑拌种和叶面喷施处理,均可明显降低株高与分枝部位高度,分枝部位茎粗有所增加;推迟喷施时间或增加喷施次数有利于降低株高与分枝部位高度,维持较高籽粒产量。综合比较认为,对于直播油菜,采用叶面喷施烯效唑较好,喷施质量浓度以100 mg／L为宜,喷施时期宜在蕾薹初期或苗期与蕾薹初期进行两次。 相似文献
2.
叶面喷施亚硒酸钠对黑粒小麦籽粒硒含量、产量及品质的影响 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
为了明确亚硒酸钠对黑粒小麦籽粒硒含量、产量及品质的影响,以黑粒小麦品种山农紫麦1号为材料,在大田进行叶面喷施亚硒酸钠,亚硒酸钠设4个浓度:0(CK)、15(C_1)、30(C_2)和45(C_3)g·hm~(-2),分别于小麦拔节和开花期各喷施一次,分析了不同浓度亚硒酸钠黑粒小麦花后叶面积指数、干物质积累与分配、产量、籽粒硒含量及品质性状。结果表明,开花后各时期的叶面积指数(LAI),C_1、C_2处理均显著高于CK,C_3处理在开花后14～21d显著高于CK;成熟期植株干物质重及籽粒、茎秆+叶鞘、穗轴+颖壳的干物质重,C_1、C_2处理均显著高于CK,但叶片干物质重及占比显著低于CK;花后干物质积累量,C_2、C_3处理显著高于CK,C_1处理与CK无显著差异。三种喷亚硒酸钠处理(C_1、C_2和C_3)的成穗数均显著高于CK,而穗粒数和千粒重差异不显著,产量较CK分别增加7.89%、9.96%和9.19%。叶面喷施亚硒酸钠显著提高黑粒小麦籽粒的硒含量,CK、C_1、C_2和C_3处理籽粒硒含量分别为0.056、0.238、1.295和1.207mg·kg-1。籽粒粗蛋白含量,C_1、C_2处理较CK分别提高9.49%和4.29%,差异显著;C_1、C_2、C_3处理面筋指数分别较CK提高4.67%、13.06%和3.77%;C_1处理面团形成时间及稳定时间均显著高于CK,C_2、C_3处理与CK差异不显著;各喷施亚硒酸钠处理间的湿面筋含量、沉淀指数和吸水量差异不显著。本研究条件下,黑粒小麦拔节期和开花期各喷施30mg·kg-1亚硒酸钠,可以明显提高籽粒产量、硒含量与品质。 相似文献
3.
为探究放线菌剂使用方法对晚播冬小麦生长及光合性状的影响，以长6990为供试小麦品种、娄彻氏链霉菌（D74）为供试菌剂，在大田设置T1（种子包衣+拔节期、灌浆期喷施D74菌剂）、T2（种子包衣+拔节期喷施D74菌剂，灌浆期喷施清水）、T3（种子包衣+拔节期、灌浆期喷施清水）、T4（种子不包衣+拔节期、灌浆期喷施D74菌剂）和CK（种子不包衣+拔节期、灌浆期喷施清水）5个处理（包衣中含有菌剂D74），比较分析了不同处理间小麦产量及其构成要素、表型性状、光合特性及干物质积累的差异。结果表明，放线菌剂处理下晚播小麦的产量较CK均不同程度提高，增产幅度为7.35%~25.00%，且不同处理的产量表现为T4>T1>T2>T3>CK，其中T1、T4处理与CK差异显著(P＜0.05)；不同处理间株高无显著差异(P>0.05)， T1和T4处理的穗长、穗粒数和千粒重显著高于CK，T2处理穗粒数和千粒重也较高。在光合性状中，放线菌剂处理主要影响晚播小麦灌浆后期的光合效率。花后28~35 d，T1、T4处理的旗叶净光合速率，T1~T4处理的旗叶叶绿素相对含量（SPAD）和氮含量，T1、T2和T4处理的叶面积指数均显著高于CK。放线菌剂使用后晚播小麦的花前干物质转运量及其对籽粒产量贡献率有所降低，但不同处理间差异不显著。T1、T2和T4处理的花后干物质的积累量较CK增加了37.93%、29.42%和50.92%；花后干物质积累对籽粒产量贡献率也有所提高，但不同处理间差异不显著。综合来看，放线菌剂能够有效增加晚播小麦的光合持续能力，延缓叶片衰老，促进花后干物质积累、穗部发育和籽粒灌浆，增加穗粒数和千粒重，进而提高产量，其中放线菌剂种子包衣效果不明显，叶面喷施放线菌剂效果较突出，拔节期和灌浆期叶面喷施放线菌剂的效果最佳。 相似文献
4.
叶面喷施硒肥对裸燕麦产量和品质的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了解裸燕麦叶面喷硒效应,以优质高产裸燕麦品种坝莜1号为材料,在三叶期、拔节期、抽穗期和成熟期前10d叶面喷施不同量硒肥,形成6个处理,分析了叶面喷施硒肥对裸燕麦坝莜1号经济性状、产量、籽实品质及硒含量的影响。结果表明,喷施硒肥对于裸燕麦的经济性状、籽粒产量、生物产量、粗脂肪含量、淀粉含量均没有显著影响(P0.05),而对籽粒粗蛋白质含量和全硒含量有显著的增加作用,其中在三叶期和拔节期喷施1号硒肥1 500g·hm-2、抽穗期和成熟期前10d喷施2号硒肥6 000g·hm-2条件下,籽粒粗蛋白含量最高,达到18.9%,但硒肥喷施量对籽粒粗蛋白含量的影响缺乏规律性。随着硒肥喷施量的增加,裸燕麦籽粒硒含量呈逐渐增加的趋势。在最大喷施量即三叶期和拔节期喷施1号硒肥2 100g·hm-2、抽穗期和成熟期前10d左右喷施2号硒肥8 400g·hm-2条件下,籽粒硒含量最高,达到83.5μg·kg-1。 相似文献
5.
叶面喷施不同营养元素对冬小麦产量和品质的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为给叶面施肥在小麦生产中的应用提供技术参考,以不同品质类型的2个小麦品种为试验材料,采用二因素随机区组设计,研究了品种和叶面喷施不同营养元素（硼、锌、锰、铁、磷、钾、氮）对小麦产量和品质的影响。结果表明,在底肥和追肥相同的条件下,品种间产量和品质差异显著。喷施不同营养元素处理的千粒重均比对照有所提高,喷施营养元素处理间产量差异显著,其中叶面喷施硼肥产量最高。叶面喷施营养元素对面团吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、面包体积、面包评分有显著影响,对籽粒蛋白质含量影响不显著,但对不同蛋白组分有显著影响。叶面喷施铁和锌分别提高了籽粒中铁和锌的含量,但喷锰并未增加籽粒中锰的含量。 相似文献
6.
为了解叶面施氮效应,在大田条件下,以农大1108和普冰79为材料,研究了在小麦抽穗期、开花期和灌浆期喷施浓度为1.0%、1.5%、2.0%、2.5%和3.0%的氮肥(尿素)对小麦旗叶SPAD值和籽粒灌浆动态及产量的影响。结果表明,与喷施等量清水的对照(CK)相比,喷施不同浓度氮肥后,两个小麦品种灌浆期旗叶的SPAD值均变化显著:在喷施氮肥浓度为1.0%(H1)、1.5%(H2)和2.0%(H3)时明显增加,在喷施氮肥浓度为2.5%(H4)和3.0%(H5)时明显下降,且H2和H3处理的小麦SPAD值在生育后期能保持一段时间的相对稳定状态,而CK呈下降趋势。两个小麦品种在喷施氮肥以后,H1、H2和H3处理的籽粒灌浆最大速率(Vmax)、籽粒灌浆平均速率(V)以及快增期籽粒灌浆平均速率(Vs)均明显提高,而H4和H5处理的Vmax、V和Vs明显下降。两个小麦品种的5个处理同CK相比,出现最大灌浆速率的时间(Tv)均有所提前,而且快增期持续时间(Tk)也明显缩短。两个小麦品种的产量、穗粒数和千粒重均表现为H3H2H1CKH4H5,且喷施氮肥处理均与CK差异显著。综合来看,叶面喷施浓度为2.0%的氮肥对小麦的增产效果最好。 相似文献
7.
叶面喷施硒酸钠对不同小麦品种(系)籽粒硒及其他矿质元素含量的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为了解叶面喷施硒酸钠对不同小麦品种(系)籽粒硒含量及其他矿质元素的影响,对114个不同小麦品种(系)进行叶面喷施硒酸钠,试验设4个梯度,分别为0 mg·kg~(-1)(CK)、100 mg·kg~(-1)(Se10)、200mg·kg~(-1)(Se20)、300mg·kg~(-1)(Se30),利用离子发射光谱-原子吸收仪测定了籽粒硒、钙、镁、铜、铁、锰、锌、硫含量。结果表明,叶面喷施硒酸钠可以提高小麦籽粒的硒含量,增幅因品种(系)而异;CK、Se10、Se20及Se30处理下,籽粒的总硒含量分别为1.54、5.70、10.01和13.10mg·kg~(-1)。籽粒中不同矿物质元素对叶面喷施硒酸钠的响应不同;籽粒中硒与其他元素的积累既有协同也有拮抗作用,因元素种类、小麦品种(系)和施硒量而异。总体而言,高浓度硒处理降低了籽粒中钙、镁、铜、铁、锰和硫的含量,但提高了锌的含量。 相似文献
8.
锰对大豆氮代谢相关指标及产量品质的影响 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
以大豆品种垦农4号为材料,在大田小区试验的条件下,研究EDTA-Mn浸种和在初花期（R1期）叶面喷施对大豆叶片可溶性蛋白、硝态氮、游离氨基酸含量、硝酸还原酶活性及产量品质的影响。结果表明,无论在浸种处理（A）还是叶面喷施处理（B）中,中浓度锰(即A3 1.54g/L和B3 20g/L)处理对大豆叶片可溶性蛋白、硝态氮、游离氨基酸含量及硝酸还原酶活性均有一定的促进作用,但随着生育期的推进,浸种处理对各指标影响效果逐渐减弱。同时,中浓度的锰处理有利于大豆单株粒数、荚数和单株产量的提高,从而达到大豆增产的目的,且能够使大豆的蛋脂总量明显提高。高浓度的锰(即A4 15.4g/L或B4 60g/L)处理则对上述指标起抑制作用。 相似文献
9.
10.
化学调控剂对冬小麦干物质贮运和籽粒灌浆特性的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为明确不同有效成分的化学调控剂对冬小麦生长和产量形成的调控作用,采用田间试验,比较了自主研发的微量元素拌种剂(WB)、黄酮类叶面喷施剂(Phu)、磷胺类叶面喷施剂(Pan)以及拌种组合喷施制剂(Whu和Wan)对冬小麦干物质积累与分配以及籽粒灌浆过程与产量的影响。结果表明,WB、Whu和Wan处理均能增加冬小麦穗数、穗粒数和千粒重,增产16.51%以上。与喷施自来水(CK)相比,WB、Whu和Wan处理对各生育期冬小麦不同器官干物质积累量均具有增加效应;所不同的是,WB处理对冬小麦的促进效应在拔节期和抽穗期凸显,而Whu和Wan处理对小麦开花后的促进作用更大;并且Whu处理的花前干物质转运率和花前干物质转运对籽粒的贡献率分别较CK提高了13.42%和17.96%(P0.05)。开花43 d内,各处理均能延长小麦的籽粒灌浆持续期,且Wan处理使灌浆持续期延长了3.82 d(P0.05),Phu处理使小麦的最大灌浆速率和平均灌浆速率较CK分别提高了5.71%和5.76%(P0.05)。说明不同化学调控剂对小麦的增产作用与干物质积累和转运能力以及籽粒灌浆有关,并且拌种和叶面喷施组合具有协同效应。 相似文献
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12.
《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):81-114
Summary The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices. 相似文献
13.
Lakshman Lal 《Potato Research》1987,30(2):329-334
Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong
(1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage,
sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over
45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield
of a subsequent crop. 相似文献
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15.
Joseph E. Laferriere Charles W. Weber Edwin A. Kohlhepp 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1991,41(3):277-282
Teas of plant origin traditionally consumed by the Mountain Pima of Chihuahua, Mexico, were analyzed for mineral nutritional content. Fe, Cu, Zn, Ca, and Mg composition was determined for native teas made from shoots ofTagetes lucida, T. filifolia, Elytraria imbricata, andHolodiscus dumosus, and from root xylem ofCeanothus depressus andPhaseolus ritensis. Native uses of these teas are also described. 相似文献
16.
M. I. Siri P. Villanueva M. J. Pianzzola L. Franco Fraguas G. Galván M. Acosta F. Ferreira 《Potato Research》2004,47(3-4):127-138
Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results
for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin
presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear
relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins
and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds. 相似文献
17.
Novel food and non-food uses for sorghum and millets 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4
Sorghum and millets have considerable potential in foods and beverages. As they are gluten-free they are suitable for coeliacs. Sorghum is also a potentially important source of nutraceuticals such antioxidant phenolics and cholesterol-lowering waxes. Cakes, cookies, pasta, a parboiled rice-like product and snack foods have been successfully produced from sorghum and, in some cases, millets. Wheat-free sorghum or millet bread remains the main challenge. Additives such as native and pre-gelatinised starches, hydrocolloids, fat, egg and rye pentosans improve bread quality. However, specific volumes are lower than those for wheat bread or gluten-free breads based on pure starches, and in many cases, breads tend to stale faster. Lager and stout beers with sorghum are brewed commercially. Sorghum's high-starch gelatinisation temperature and low beta-amylase activity remain problems with regard to complete substitution of barley malt with sorghum malt . The role of the sorghum endosperm matrix protein and cell wall components in limiting extract is a research focus. Brewing with millets is still at an experimental stage. Sorghum could be important for bioethanol and other bio-industrial products. Bioethanol research has focused on improving the economics of the process through cultivar selection, method development for low-quality grain and pre-processing to recover valuable by-products. Potential by-products such as the kafirin prolamin proteins and the pericarp wax have potential as bioplastic films and coatings for foods, primarily due to their hydrophobicity. 相似文献
18.
Alejandro Carlos Tozzini María Fernanda Ceriani María Verónica Saladrigas H. Esteban Hopp 《Potato Research》1991,34(3):317-324
Summary Clones derived from thirty-one different accessions (nineteen of Argentine origin) belonging to eightSolanum species were screened for resistance to infection by potato virus X strain cp (PVX cp) by mechanical inoculation of plantlets
that had been micropropagated in vitro. Estimates of PVX multiplication obtained by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and
slot blot nucleic acid hybridization allowed the identification of resistant clones derived from five accessions belonging
toS. commersonii S. oplocense, S. sparsipilum andS. tuberosum andigena. Resistant genotypes supported PVX concentrations 5 to 15 times smaller than did the susceptible control cultivar Spunta.
Graft inoculation test confirmed the presence of extreme resistance similar to that conferred by the ‘immunity’ gene X1 (also called RXact). 相似文献
19.
Rita Favas Janaína Morone Rosrio Martins Vitor Vasconcelos Graciliana Lopes 《Marine drugs》2022,20(3)
The loss of density and elasticity, the appearance of wrinkles and hyperpigmentation are among the first noticeable signs of skin aging. Beyond UV radiation and oxidative stress, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) assume a preponderant role in the process, since their deregulation results in the degradation of most extracellular matrix components. In this survey, four cyanobacteria strains were explored for their capacity to produce secondary metabolites with biotechnological potential for use in anti-aging formulations. Leptolyngbya boryana LEGE 15486 and Cephalothrix lacustris LEGE 15493 from freshwater ecosystems, and Leptolyngbya cf. ectocarpi LEGE 11479 and Nodosilinea nodulosa LEGE 06104 from marine habitats were sequentially extracted with acetone and water, and extracts were analyzed for their toxicity in cell lines with key roles in the skin context (HaCAT, 3T3L1, and hCMEC). The non-toxic extracts were chemically characterized in terms of proteins, carotenoids, phenols, and chlorophyll a, and their anti-aging potential was explored through their ability to scavenge the physiological free radical superoxide anion radical (O2•−), to reduce the activity of the MMPs elastase and hyaluronidase, to inhibit tyrosinase and thus avoid melanin production, and to block UV-B radiation (sun protection factor, SPF). Leptolyngbya species stood out for anti-aging purposes: L. boryana LEGE 15486 presented a remarkable SPF of 19 (at 200 µg/mL), being among the best species regarding O2•− scavenging, (IC50 = 99.50 µg/mL) and also being able to inhibit tyrosinase (IC25 = 784 µg/mL), proving to be promising against UV-induced skin-aging; L. ectocarpi LEGE 11479 was more efficient in inhibiting MMPs (hyaluronidase, IC50 = 863 µg/mL; elastase, IC50 = 391 µg/mL), thus being the choice to retard dermal density loss. Principal component analysis (PCA) of the data allowed the grouping of extracts into three groups, according to their chemical composition; the correlation of carotenoids and chlorophyll a with MMPs activity (p < 0.01), O2•− scavenging with phenolic compounds (p < 0.01), and phycocyanin and allophycocyanin with SPF, pointing to these compounds in particular as responsible for UV-B blockage. This original survey explores, for the first time, the biotechnological potential of these cyanobacteria strains in the field of skin aging, demonstrating the promising, innovative, and multifactorial nature of these microorganisms. 相似文献
20.
Alejandro M. S. Mayer Abimael D. Rodríguez Orazio Taglialatela-Scafati Nobuhiro Fusetani 《Marine drugs》2013,11(7):2510-2573
The peer-reviewed marine pharmacology literature from 2009 to 2011 is presented in this review, following the format used in the 1998–2008 reviews of this series. The pharmacology of structurally-characterized compounds isolated from marine animals, algae, fungi and bacteria is discussed in a comprehensive manner. Antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, antituberculosis, and antiviral pharmacological activities were reported for 102 marine natural products. Additionally, 60 marine compounds were observed to affect the immune and nervous system as well as possess antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory effects. Finally, 68 marine metabolites were shown to interact with a variety of receptors and molecular targets, and thus will probably contribute to multiple pharmacological classes upon further mechanism of action studies. Marine pharmacology during 2009–2011 remained a global enterprise, with researchers from 35 countries, and the United States, contributing to the preclinical pharmacology of 262 marine compounds which are part of the preclinical pharmaceutical pipeline. Continued pharmacological research with marine natural products will contribute to enhance the marine pharmaceutical clinical pipeline, which in 2013 consisted of 17 marine natural products, analogs or derivatives targeting a limited number of disease categories. 相似文献