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1.
大豆皮替代粗饲料饲喂肉幼兔的生长性能和体外纤维饲料动态发酵 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
通过肉幼兔生长试验和盲肠微生物活体外发酵试验,评定大豆皮替代不同水平粗饲料大豆秸的饲喂价值。利用45只肉幼免进行30天生长试验,饲料处理为大豆皮分别替代0％、25％和50％大豆秸。随大豆皮替代粗饲料水平的提高,试兔日增重和饲料转化效率呈二次曲线规律提高(p<0.04),其中在25％替代水平下最高,但对饲料进食量没有显著影响(p>0.10)。提高大豆皮替代水平导致盲肠内容物pH和NH_3-N浓度直线降低(p<0.001),而总挥发酸浓度直线提高(p<0.03)。随饲粮中大豆皮替代粗饲料比例的提高,苜蓿、大豆皮和小麦秸等纤维饲料的活体外48h净产气量、产气速度均直线提高(p<0.001),而产气延滞期直线降低(p<0.01)。 相似文献
2.
为研究大豆皮对生长猪生长性能、养分消化率和粪便有害气体的影响,试验选择体重(54.6±2.0)kg的200头健康杜长大三元杂种生长猪,按体重相近、公母各半的原则随机分为4组,每组5个重复,每个重复10头猪。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,5%大豆皮组饲喂在对照组饲粮中含有5%大豆皮的饲粮,10%大豆皮组饲喂在对照组饲粮中含有10%大豆皮的饲粮,15%大豆皮组饲喂在对照组饲粮中含有15%大豆皮的饲粮。试验期28 d。结果表明:1)各处理组间生长猪末重、日增重和采食量均无显著差异(P>0.05);2)15%大豆皮组的料重比显著高于对照组0.12(P<0.05);3)10%和15%大豆皮组干物质的表观消化率显著低于对照组(P<0.05);4)5%、10%和15%大豆皮组均显著降低了粪便中氨气排放(P<0.05)。试验结果表明在该试验条件下,与对照组相比,生长猪饲粮中添加5%大豆皮在不影响生长性能和养分表观消化率的情况下,降低了粪便中氨气的排放,但添加15%大豆皮则会增加料重比,降低干物质的表观消化率。因此,生长猪饲粮中大豆皮的适宜添加量为5%。 相似文献
3.
试验旨在探讨华北农牧交错带羊草、大赖草、扁穗冰草、无芒雀麦、野黑麦和梭罗草6种主要禾本科牧草不同生育期营养价值变化规律。利用常规化学成分分析、活体外消化技术和体外发酵产气技术测定6种禾本科牧草盛花期和结实期的主要营养成分、活体外消化率和瘤胃微生物体外发酵产气量。结果表明:除无芒雀麦外,结实期禾本科牧草粗蛋白(CP)和中性洗涤可溶物(NDS)含量相比开花期显著下降(P<0.05);中性洗涤纤维(NDF)和酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)含量随生育期的延长而增加(P<0.05);6种牧草的干物质活体外消化率(DMD)、NDF活体外消化率(NDFD)、ADF活体外消化率(ADFD)随生育期延长呈下降趋势;除羊草外,5种牧草的2个生育期的24 h和48 h产气量差异显著(P<0.05),6种禾本科牧草2个生育期的理论最大产气量差异显著(P<0.05);随生育期延长,产气速度呈下降趋势,延滞期呈上升趋势。与开花期相比,禾本科牧草结实期的营养显著下降。 相似文献
4.
将榨汁后的甜高粱渣发酵处理,形成3种处理样品:厌氧发酵脱汁甜高粱渣、厌氧发酵甜高粱酒精糟和直接干燥甜高粱酒精糟。对处理的甜高粱渣进行化学成分(DM、CP、总糖、NDF、ADF、灰分、Ca、P)分析,并采用活体外两阶段法测定DM和NDF消化率;通过活体外产气量试验和动态发酵模型,计算样本的动态发酵参数。结果表明,不同处理间甜高粱渣DM、NDF、总糖、灰分含量差异极显著(P0.0001),ADF差异不显著(P0.05)。动态发酵参数(B、Lag、GAS)及活体外干物质消化率(IVDMD)差异显著(P0.05),活体外细胞壁消化率(IVNDFD)差异不显著(P0.05);氨态氮(NH3-N)、总挥发酸(TVFA)含量和各种挥发酸摩尔比例(除乙酸和丁酸以外)差异均不显著(P0.05)。 相似文献
5.
大豆皮是大豆加工过程中得到的大豆的种皮,并非大豆荚壳。它占大豆重的8%,美国大豆加工厂每年产大豆皮达240万吨。经十余年研究证明,大豆皮消化率高,可作反刍畜的能量补充料。在大豆加工厂中首先碾压大豆,使大豆皮爆裂并与豆胚分离,后者用己烷浸提植物油,大豆皮下不含油,不再浸提处理。大豆皮纤维含量高,细胞可溶物、蛋白质和可溶性碳水化合物含量低(见表1,以风干样计)。因木质素低,故纤维消化率高。试验室测定72小时内可消化95%,但大豆皮不会在瘤胃存留72小时,所以在动物体内达不到上述消化值。消化速度很重要,大豆皮中性洗涤纤维每小时消化7%,而许多饲草为2%～5%,可见反刍畜对大豆皮消化较快。 相似文献
6.
不同温度湿法挤压膨化加工对全脂大豆化学成分及抗营养因子的影响 总被引：11，自引：1，他引：10
采用 P1000S湿法挤压膨化机,分别在 125℃、 135℃、 140℃及 150℃下膨化全脂大豆 ,监测膨化大豆的常规养分含量、抗营养因子活性及蛋白质分散指数 (PDI)、蛋白质溶解度 (PS)。结果表明 ,经湿法挤压膨化处理 ,生大豆的水分和脂肪含量分别降低 10.4％和 11.1％,而其它各种养分的含量基本无变化。经体外酶解消化率测定法得出膨化加工可提高大豆干物质的消化率 ,而对消化能基本无影响。 湿法挤压膨化加工可显著降低生大豆的脲酶活性 (UA)和抗胰蛋白酶活性 (TIA)(P<0.05),使之达到适宜范围。随膨化温度升高,脲酶活性呈下降趋势 ,抗胰蛋白酶的灭活程度加强。湿法挤压膨化加工可显著降低生大豆的蛋白质分散指数和蛋白质溶解度 ,其中 125℃、 135℃及 140℃三个膨化温度加工较适宜 ,蛋白质分散指数由 53.8％分别降至 18.82％、 16.29％及 17.29％,氮溶解度由 55.52％分别降至 45.92％、 43.21％及 44.89％。 150℃膨化温度加工的大豆偏熟,其蛋白质分散指数为 12.52％ ,氮溶解度为 43.36％。 相似文献
7.
2结果与讨论2.1产奶牛饲喂试验2.1.1大豆皮化学成分及饲喂情况观察经实验室测定,大豆皮(%,DM基础)中CP12.15、NDF62.26、ADF48.08、Ca0.53、P0.18。尽管大豆皮的NDF含量高,但木质素含量低于2%(NRC,1996),这使得大豆皮具有较高的DM和纤维消化率(Quicke等,1959)。大豆皮的CP含量为12.2%,高于玉米(10%),低于小麦麸(17.1%,NRC,1989);但产奶净能值(1.77Mcal/kg)高于小麦麸(1.6Mcal/kg),低于玉米(1.96Mcal/kg,NRC,1989)。这说明大豆皮以一定比例替代玉米与小麦麸在营养价值方面是可行的。在整个试验期间,产奶牛饲喂不同比例大豆皮饲… 相似文献
8.
本试验采用化学法和体外人工瘤胃产气法比较玉米秸秆、大豆秸秆、白酒糟和裹包玉米秸秆等农副产品类饲料的化学成分差异以及其对活体外产气量和瘤胃发酵的影响。试验采用单因素完全随机化设计。结果表明:各饲料中有机物含量顺序为白酒糟玉米秸秆大豆秸杆裹包玉米秸秆,且各自差异显著(P0.05);白酒糟的粗脂肪和粗蛋白质含量显著高于其他原料(P0.05);裹包玉米秸秆的粗灰分、中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维含量显著高于其他原料(P0.05);大豆秸秆的产气量(B)和产气速率(c)显著高于其他原料(P0.05);裹包玉米秸秆的甲烷产量显著高于白酒糟(P0.05);活体外瘤胃发酵24 h白酒糟组的氨态氮、丙酸、异戊酸和戊酸含量显著高于其他组(P0.05),而乙酸含量显著低于其他组(P0.05);体外瘤胃消化48 h的干物质消化率在大豆秸秆组最高而裹包玉米秸秆组最低且差异显著(P0.05)。由本试验可知,不同农副产品饲料在化学成分、产气量、体外瘤胃发酵参数和有机物消化率方面存在显著差异,在采用此类副产品作为肉牛饲料时,应根据其特性对饲料配方进行合理搭配。 相似文献
9.
蒸汽爆破技术对棉籽粕中游离棉酚脱毒效果研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本试验旨在研究蒸汽爆破技术对棉籽粕中游离棉酚的脱毒效果。采用市售棉籽粕,对其进行7种不同的蒸汽爆破处理,蒸汽压强均固定为2.0 MPa,以水料比为0时进行维压30 s的蒸汽爆破处理为对照,水料比为30%、50%时分别进行维压10、20、30 s的爆破处理,每处理重复3次,以游离棉酚含量、蛋白质溶解度为指标,筛选出较佳的处理测定氨基酸含量和营养物质猪仿生消化率数据。结果表明:固定蒸汽压强时,游离棉酚的脱毒率与蛋白质溶解度随着蒸汽维压时间延长而增加,随着水料比的增加先增大后减少。以游离棉酚的脱毒效果与蛋白质溶解度为指标,筛选出的适宜蒸汽爆破处理为蒸汽压强2.0 MPa,水料比30%,维压时间30 s。此时棉籽粕中游离棉酚含量达85.0 mg/kg,脱毒率达87.0%,蛋白质溶解度为42.3%。与对照组相比,蒸汽爆破可极显著降低棉籽粕中赖氨酸含量和精氨酸含量(P0.01),对体外干物质消化率和总能消化率无显著影响(P0.05),极显著降低体外粗蛋白质消化率和赖氨酸消化率(P0.01)。由此可见,蒸汽爆破处理可降低棉籽粕游离棉酚含量、蛋白质溶解度、赖氨酸含量、精氨酸含量、体外粗蛋白质消化率和赖氨酸消化率。筛选出的适宜蒸汽爆破处理为蒸汽压强2.0 MPa,水料比30%,维压时间30 s。 相似文献
10.
《中国畜牧杂志》2017,(2)
本试验旨在研究相同总膳食纤维水平下,不同含量的可溶性和不可溶性纤维日粮对生长猪净能值和营养物质消化率的影响。试验选用18头(36.12±3.06)kg杜×长×大三元杂交去势公猪,随机分为玉米-豆粕基础日粮、甜菜渣日粮和大豆皮日粮3个处理组,每组6头猪。其中甜菜渣日粮和大豆皮日粮是甜菜渣和大豆皮分别替代基础日粮供能部分的22.49%和20.45%。试验共3期,每期28 d,包括22 d适应期和6 d测热期。结果表明:纤维日粮的有效能值及总能、粗蛋白质和粗脂肪的消化率显著低于基础日粮(P0.01),甜菜渣日粮的总膳食纤维消化率显著高于基础日粮(P0.05);纤维显著增加了粪氮的排出(P0.01);甜菜渣和大豆皮的净能值分别为8.52、6.48 MJ/kg。表明纤维会降低日粮营养物质的消化率和有效能值,但是可溶性纤维含量高的日粮其纤维本身的消化程度更高。 相似文献
11.
Soybean hulls have been successfully fed to ruminant animals as an economical substitute for hay. This feedstuff is a source of highly digestible fiber that does not contain starch. The purpose of this trial was to evaluate soybean hulls as a replacement fiber in horse diets. Four cecally cannulated Quarter Horse geldings, aged 6 to 10 yr and averaging 502 kg, were used in a 4 x 4 Latin square design with 21-d periods. Diets consisted of alfalfa/bromegrass hay (14.4% CP, 58.1% NDF, 39.1% ADF; DM basis) with the replacement of either 0, 25, 50, or 75% (as-fed basis) unpelleted soybean hulls (13.1% CP, 60.6% NDF, 43.7% ADF; DM basis). Diets were offered at 1.8% of BW (DM) daily and body weights were measured weekly. Cecal samples (90 min after feeding) and total fecal collections (3 d) were taken at the end of each treatment period. Fecal collection bags were emptied every 6 h and 10% of the total amount was frozen for later analysis. Total cecal VFA production increased linearly (P = 0.02) from 70 mM to 109 mM as proportions of soybean hulls in diets increased. Proportions of propionate increased linearly (P < 0.01) with means of 15.7, 18.0, 16.6, and 21.9 mol/100 mol total VFA for the 0, 25, 50, and 75% soybean hulls diets respectively. Proportions of butyrate decreased linearly (P < 0.01) from 5.3 to 3.9 mol/100 mol total VFA. The acetate:propionate ratio decreased linearly (P = 0.02) and cubically (P = 0.03) with means of 4.9, 4.2, 4.9, and 3.3. Apparent digestibility of DM (P = 0.95), OM (P = 0.70), NDF (P = 0.34), ADF (P = 0.31), cellulose (P = 0.93), and hemicellulose (P = 0.25) did not differ among treatments. Apparent digestibility of N decreased linearly (P < 0.01) as concentrations of soybean hulls increased in the diet, and this response was associated with increased cecal fermentation and microbial biomass production. Cecal pH decreased linearly (P = 0.01) from 7.00 to 6.45 as the level of soybean hulls increased, but there was no change (P = 0.68 for the linear effect) for cecal ammonia (mean concentration of 3.85 mM). Soybean hulls stimulate cecal fermentation and are a suitable replacement for hay in equine diets. 相似文献
12.
Muley NS van Heugten E Moeser AJ Rausch KD van Kempen TA 《Journal of animal science》2007,85(7):1695-1701
The experiment was designed to assess whether corn fractions or extrusion of corn can result in feed ingredients with a greater nutritional value than corn. Corn grain (8.0% CP, 0.21% P, 9.8% NDF) was processed by extrusion (82.8 degrees C, 345 kPa steam pressure for 12 s) or by dry milling to derive fractions rich in germ (13.1% CP, 1.19% P, 17.2% NDF), hulls (8.1% CP, 0.27% P, 32.6% NDF), and endosperm, namely tails (6.6% CP, 0.07% P, 3.6% NDF) and throughs (7.4% CP, 0.15% P, 4.5% NDF). Relative recovery in each fraction was 16, 20, 44, and 20%, respectively. Ileal digestibility of DM, P, and amino acids was determined using diets containing 7.0% CP from soybean meal and 5.3% CP from one of the test products. To allow for determination of standardized ingredient, ileal digestibility, basal endogenous AA losses were determined using a protein-free diet (74.6% cornstarch and 18.7% sucrose). Soybean meal ileal digestibility was determined using a diet (12.3% CP) based on soybean meal (23.3%). Eight barrows (27 +/- 2 kg) fitted with T-cannulas were fed 8 experimental diets (5-d adaptation and 2-d collection period) such that each diet was evaluated in at least 5 barrows. Relative to corn (77.9 +/- 1.2%), ileal digestibility of DM was greater for extruded corn (82.5%; P = 0.02), tails (85.9%; P < 0.01), and throughs (85.0%; P < 0.01), but it was lower for hulls (62.2%; P < 0.01) and germ (51.1%; P < 0.01). For P, corn (41.6 +/- 9.5%), throughs (47.2%), and hulls (57.3%) had similar ileal digestibility, but germ (7.9%) had lower ileal digestibility (P = 0.02) than corn; tails (27.6%) and extruded corn (23.5%) were not different from corn or germ but were lower than throughs and hulls. For total AA, corn (84.7 +/- 2.4%), throughs (84.3%), and hulls (85.8%) had similar ileal digestibility, but germ (76.6%) had lower ileal digestibility (P < 0.01) than corn; tails (82.0%) and extruded corn (81.7%) were intermediate. In conclusion, germ and hulls have a low ileal DM digestibility; germ also has low AA and P digestibility. Extrusion improved the ileal DM digestibility of corn. To maximize the ileal digestibility, removal of germ and hull from corn or extrusion of corn may thus be of interest. 相似文献
13.
本文旨在研究不同水平的益生Ⅰ号替代豆粕对奶牛瘤胃降解率及日粮表观消化率的影响。试验选用四头安装永久性瘤胃瘘管的健康的荷斯坦奶牛。采用4×4拉丁方试验设计,其处理为:A组为基础日粮;B组为益生Ⅰ号替代基础日粮中20%豆粕;C组为益生Ⅰ号替代基础日粮中40%豆粕;D组为益生Ⅰ号替代基础日粮中60%豆粕。试验结果为:益生Ⅰ号明显提高了日粮中DM、CP、ADF和NDF的降解率,其中C组对瘤胃降解率影响效果优于A组、B组和D组,且差异显著(P0.05);对日粮CP、ADF和NDF表观消化率的影响是C组的效果优于A组、B组和D组,且差异显著(P0.05),对DM表观消化率的影响是C组高于A组、B组和D组,但各处理组差异不显著(P0.05);试验结果表明:益生Ⅰ号有利于提高奶牛瘤胃DM、CP、ADF和NDF的降解率,其替代豆粕的最适比例为40%。 相似文献
14.
Brahman x British crossbred steers were used in growth and digestion trials to evaluate the response of source (corn, sugar cane molasses, or soybean hulls) and feeding rate (0, 1.4, or 2.8 kg DM per steer daily in the growth trials; 0, 15, or 30% of the ration DM in the digestion trial) of energy supplementation in cattle fed ammoniated (4% of forage DM) stargrass (Cynodon nlemfuensis Vanderyst var. nlemfuensis) hay. Cattle on all treatments were fed 0.5 kg cottonseed meal daily. In the growth trials, steers grazed dormant bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum) pasture. Increasing the levels of supplementation decreased hay intake but increased total dietary intake for all diets (P < 0.07). Daily gain and feed efficiency of steers were improved (P < 0.03) with supplementation. Steers supplemented with corn or soybean hulls at 2.8 kg DM/d had a higher ADG (0.92 kg) and gain/feed (0.103) than steers supplemented with molasses (0.78 kg, 0.08, respectively) at the same level. Seven crossbred steers (200 kg) were used in a five-period digestion trial to evaluate apparent OM, NDF, ADF, and hemicellulose digestibility. Apparent OM digestibility of all diets increased linearly (P = 0.02) as the level of supplementation increased. Apparent NDF and ADF digestibility decreased (P < 0.03) as the level of supplementation with corn or molasses increased, whereas increasing the level of soybean hulls in the diet increased (P < 0.06) apparent NDF and ADF digestibility. Four ruminally fistulated crossbred steers (472 kg) were used in a 4 x 4 latin square design to investigate ruminal characteristics with energy supplementation at 30% of ration DM. Ruminal pH in steers supplemented with soybean hulls or corn declined after feeding. Ruminal pH decreased more rapidly with corn supplementation and remained below 6.2 for a longer period of time than with the other diets. Ruminal pH did not change within 24 h after feeding for steers fed the control or molasses diets. No change in total VFA concentration was observed in steers fed molasses or corn. Total ruminal VFA concentration in steers supplemented with soybean hulls increased initially after feeding and then declined within 24 h after feeding. Soybean hulls produced fewer negative associative effects than corn when fed with ammoniated stargrass hay at 2.8 kg DM/d. The reduced gain/feed of steers supplemented with molasses compared to soybean hulls or corn indicates that molasses was not utilized as efficiently as the other energy sources. 相似文献
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16.
6种饲料原料瘤胃降解特性和瘤胃非降解蛋白质的小肠消化率 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本试验旨在研究新疆地区玉米青贮、棉籽壳、苜蓿草粉、苜蓿干草、葡萄籽粕、蕃茄酱渣6种奶牛饲料原料的瘤胃降解特性和瘤胃非降解蛋白质(RUP)的小肠消化率(Idg)。选用3头装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的泌乳荷斯坦奶牛,采用尼龙袋法和改进三步体外法测定饲料原料的干物质(DM)、粗蛋白质(CP)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)和酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)的瘤胃降解特性以及RUP的Idg和小肠可消化粗蛋白质(IDCP)含量。结果表明:1)苜蓿草粉和玉米青贮的DM有效降解率最高,显著高于次之的苜蓿干草、番茄酱渣(P0.05),葡萄籽粕、棉籽壳最低,显著低于其他原料(P0.05);CP有效降解率为番茄酱渣苜蓿草粉玉米青贮苜蓿干草棉籽壳葡萄籽粕,各原料间差异显著(P0.05);NDF有效降解率为玉米青贮苜蓿草粉棉籽壳苜蓿干草番茄酱渣葡萄籽粕,各组饲料原料间差异显著(P0.05);ADF有效降解率为玉米青贮棉籽壳苜蓿干草番茄酱渣苜蓿草粉葡萄籽粕,各组饲料原料间差异显著(P0.05)。2)苜蓿草粉RUP的Idg和IDCP含量最高,Idg显著高于依次降低的苜蓿干草、玉米青贮、番茄酱渣、葡萄籽粕、棉籽壳(P0.05),IDCP含量与苜蓿干草差异不显著(P0.05),显著高于依次降低的玉米青贮、番茄酱渣、葡萄籽粕、棉籽壳(P0.05)。综上所述,不同饲料原料具有不同的瘤胃降解特性,进入小肠IDCP的含量也不同。玉米青贮的DM、NDF和ADF在瘤胃的有效降解率较高,苜蓿草粉RUP的Idg较高,苜蓿草粉和苜蓿干草的IDCP含量较高。 相似文献
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旨在探讨非常规粗饲料(玉米芯、毛豆荚壳)与奶牛常用粗饲料(苜蓿干草、玉米青贮)在奶牛瘤胃中的降解规律,试验选用3只装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的荷斯坦奶牛,采用尼龙袋法测定4种粗饲料的干物质(DM)、粗蛋白(CP)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)和酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)的瘤胃降解规律。结果表明:1)苜蓿干草和毛豆荚壳的CP含量分别为17.55%和11.10%,且苜蓿干草显著高于毛豆荚壳(P<0.05);玉米芯和玉米青贮的CP含量分别为2.97%和8.41%,且玉米芯显著低于玉米青贮(P<0.05);玉米芯的NDF和ADF含量显著高于其他3种粗饲料(P<0.05),达到79.98%和43.35%。2)苜蓿干草的DM有效降解率最高(P<0.05),由高到低依次为苜蓿干草、毛豆荚壳、玉米青贮和玉米芯。毛豆荚壳的CP有效降解率显著高于其他3种粗饲料(P<0.05),由高到低依次为毛豆荚壳、苜蓿干草、玉米青贮和玉米芯。苜蓿干草的NDF有效降解率显著高于毛豆荚壳(P<0.05),玉米青贮和毛豆荚壳无显著差异(P>0.05);玉米芯的ADF有效降解率最高(P<0.05),苜蓿干草、玉米青贮和毛豆荚壳无显著差异(P>0.05)。综上所述,玉米芯和毛豆荚壳可作为非常规粗饲料资源加以开发利用。 相似文献
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高寒草地生物量及牧草养分含量年度动态研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
测定了西藏那曲地区高寒草地1~12月份围栏内和围栏外的地上生物量(BM)及牧草粗蛋白质(CP)、粗脂肪(EE)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)和灰分(Ash)含量。结果表明:围栏内年平均BM极显著高于围栏外(15.02 DM g/m2对11.70 DM g/m2,P<0.01),而围栏内外牧草各种养分含量差异不显著(P>0.05)。不同季节BM和牧草养分含量变异较大,BM呈“单峰”曲线变化趋势,8月份最高(33.02 DM g/m2),3月份最低(6.39DM g/m2);牧草CP、EE含量亦呈“单峰”曲线变化趋势,CP含量在8月份达到最高(10.68%DM),在2月份降到最低(2.72%DM),EE含量变异不大,在9月份较高(3.77%DM),1月份较低(2.26%DM);NDF变化规律与CP相反,呈“V”型曲线变化趋势,最低和最高含量分别在8月份(49.38%DM)和12月份(69.08%DM);ADF含量全年变化不大,夏季较(35.03%DM)冬春季低(42.92%DM);Ash在6月份含量最高(18.29%DM),2月份含量最低(7.14%DM)。以月份为自变量,进行适当变换后建立了牧草生物量和养分含量的全年动态变化回归模型。 相似文献
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《The Professional Animal Scientist》2002,18(3):237-246
This study was undertaken to evaluate the acceptability, growth performance, and diet digestibility of feed mixtures containing food wastes that were further heat processed for growing-finishing lambs. The first experiment consisted of two feeding trials in which 36 lambs in each trial were fed 1) total mixed rations (TMR) containing extruded feed mixtures that were amended with pulped plate waste (PW) collected from university dining centers or 2) control TMR containing corn, soybean meal, and ground hay in Trial 1 (T1) or soybean hulls in Trial 2 (T2). On a DM basis, the treatment TMR in T1 contained 23.9% PW, and the treatment TMR in T2 contained 24.1% PW. The PW used in this study contained 37.5 ± 9.4% DM, 33.0 ± 8.2% CP, 14.7 ± 5.5% ether extract (EE), and 12.6 ± 5.2% ADF. During T1, lambs fed the control TMR (compared with lambs fed PW) had greater (P<0.05) ADG (299.6 ± 36.3 vs 259.0 ± 54.5 g), less (P<0.05) ADFI (811.1 ± 64.0 vs 2,113.6 ± 748.6 g), and greater (P<0.05) gain:feed (0.37:1 vs 0.24:1 g). During T2, no differences between the control lambs and lambs fed PW were observed in terms of ADG (mean = 231.6 ± 40.9 g), ADFI (mean = 1,766.1 ± 168.0 g), and gain:feed (mean = 0.12:1 g). The second experiment consisted of three digestibility trials (T3, T4, and T5). In T3, 24 wethers were fed an extruded mixture (EF) containing soybean hulls, rolled shelled corn, and 24.5% pulped PW (DM basis). In T4, 28 wethers were fed a dehydrated mixture (DF) containing wheat middlings and ground food waste originating from retail groceries in a 75:25 (DM basis). In T5, 28 wethers were fed an extruded mixture (EFM) containing soybean hulls, rolled corn, and 42.3% pulped PW (DM basis). Apparent DE of EF was determined to be 3.22 ± 1.50 Mcal/kg. Apparent digestibility coefficients of EF were 54.50 ± 2.68% DM, 42.60 ± 4.39% ADF, 60.30 ± 15.68% CP, and 76.23 ± 3.77%EE. Apparent DE of DF was determined to be 3.17 ± 0.24 Mcal/kg. Apparent digestibility coefficients of DF were 64.98 ± 4.76% DM, 74.99 ± 4.91%protein, 15.70 ± 10.84% ADF, and 79.39 ± 5.07 EE. Apparent DE of EFM was determined to be 2.66 ± 0.18 Mcal/kg. The EFM apparent digestibility coefficients were 54.95 ± 4.16% DM, 62.61 ± 7.25% CP, 27.21 ± 7.77% ADF, and 79.78 ± 6.67% EE. This study indicates that amending traditional diets with dehydrated or extruded mixtures containing food waste is a practical processing method for including food wastes in sheep diets. However, acceptability of these diets by individual sheep may vary, and inconsistent growth performance levels and feed efficiencies may occur. 相似文献
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选用12只安装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的1.5岁杂交一代(无角陶赛特×小尾寒羊)肉用羯羊,随机分成3组,研究日粮中不同加工方式(整株、颗粒、草粉)苜蓿干草在瘤胃内的降解及其对肉羊消化代谢的影响。试验结果表明:苜蓿干草经粉碎及颗粒处理后,DM、CP、NDF在瘤胃内的降解率较整株组有显著提高(P<0.05),但ADF降解率未有明显变化(P>0.05)。不同加工方式(整株、颗粒、草粉)苜蓿干草对DM、OM、NDF、ADF表观消化率没有影响(P>0.05),但加工成颗粒及粉料使氮的利用率显著提高(P<0.05)。3种不同加工方式下DM、OM、NDF、ADF表观消化率分别高达71.74%～72.18%、73.67%～74.22%、66.69%～68.48%、45.64%～52.41%。 相似文献