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1.
采用盆栽法研究了砷(As)污染条件下(As 0,50,100和200 mg·kg-14个水平)丛枝菌根真菌(AMF)接种对全生育期番茄植株生长及其磷(P)营养的影响。试验中各接种处理均成功侵染,侵染率在11.79%~34.36%之间。砷胁迫显著影响番茄植株的生物量,植株生长过程中各个时期地上部和根系干重均随As添加水平的升高而显著下降。本试验同时发现As 50 mg·kg-1是不接种番茄植株忍受砷毒害的上限,而接种丛枝菌根真菌后,番茄忍受砷毒害的上限上调到100 mg·kg-1;但200 mg·kg-1已达番茄忍受砷毒害的极限。基质中添加砷对番茄植株不同生长时期地上部和根部磷含量有显著影响。除开花期地上部与其不接种处理根部磷含量外,幼苗期和坐果期植株地上部磷含量与根部磷含量均随着砷添加量的增加而呈大致递增趋势。番茄植株生长的各个时期(幼苗期、开花期和坐果期)地上部和根部磷吸收量随砷添加水平的增加呈明显下降趋势。砷污染条件下,接种丛枝菌根在一定程度上促进了植株生长及其对磷的吸收,缓解了砷对植株生长的胁迫。 相似文献
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选取二年生三七[Panax notoginseng(Burk.)F.H.Chen]作试验材料,通过田间试验研究了不同施钾(K2O)水平(0、337.5、450、675、1 012.5 kg/hm2)对土壤速效钾、三七养分吸收、钾肥利用效率及产量的影响。结果表明,不同施钾水平下土壤速效钾含量随生育期推进逐渐降低;与K0相比,施用钾肥显著提高了土壤速效钾含量(P0.05),土壤速效钾含量随施钾用量增加而增加;三七根部氮、磷、钾吸收量随着生长不断增大,施钾可明显提高三七各部位主要生育期氮、磷和钾吸收量,随着钾肥施用量的增加,三七地上部、根部氮、磷、钾吸收量先升高后降低,以K3处理吸收量最高;钾素偏生产力随着施钾水平的提高而显著下降(P0.05);不同施钾水平下三七株高、叶长、叶宽、茎粗和不同部位生物量均随生育期推进逐渐增加,施钾可以促进三七生长发育,显著提高三七产量(P0.05),施钾处理较K0处理增产6.90%~17.17%,其中,K3处理产量最高,K4处理次之。综合三七生长发育,养分吸收、钾肥利用效率与产量,本试验条件下,要实现三七高产高效以K3处理的施钾量(675 kg/hm2)为宜。 相似文献
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以玉米为试验材料,采用分根装置(设置A、B根室),研究了不同锌水平下局部施磷或整体施磷对玉米生长以及锌、磷含量的影响。试验设置3个磷水平(0、100、200 mg/kg,分别记为P0、P100、P200),两个锌水平(0、5 mg/kg,分别记为Zn0、Zn5)。玉米生长40 d后收获,测定其地上部与地下部生物量、磷、锌元素含量。结果显示,无锌供应条件下,所有处理地上部和地下部的生物量随施磷水平的提高而显著增加,供锌处理后,生物量变化也有相同的趋势。局部施磷导致施磷一侧地下部生物量显著增加。玉米植株磷含量会随施磷水平的提高而增加,而锌含量呈相反的变化趋势。供锌条件下,供磷(P100、P200)一侧(B室)相对未供磷(P0)一侧(A室)锌含量分别显著降低了16.7%和16.1%;不供锌条件下,锌含量分别降低了13.1%和19.9%。玉米植株锌吸收量与根部生物量(B室)的比值随施磷水平的增加呈下降趋势,且相对于均匀施磷,局部施磷条件导致B室的这一比值显著降低。局部施磷方式加剧了磷对锌的拮抗作用,抑制了根对锌的吸收,同时磷水平的提高抑制锌由地下部向地上部转运;磷、锌拮抗作用的发生是玉米植株的整体反应,而非只发生在局部。 相似文献
4.
通过苗床培养试验,研究了在低有效磷营养土上施用接种解磷青霉菌的壮秧剂对水稻秧苗的生长特性及磷素吸收的影响。结果表明,在低磷条件下,施用接种解磷菌的壮秧剂可以显著提高水稻秧苗的株高、地上部干、鲜生物量、根系活力、地上部磷含量和磷吸收量,在5个处理中,P2处理水稻秧苗的株高比对照提高16.81%,地上部鲜生物量比对照增加21.28%,地上部干生物量比对照增加12.42%,地上部磷含量比对照提高31.11%,地上部磷素吸收量比对照提高44.03%,表现效果较好,其次是P1和P4处理,其中P1处理的根部干、鲜生物量、根部的磷素含量和磷素吸收量均高于其他处理。在有效磷较低的土壤上,施用接种解磷菌的壮秧剂,可以促进作物苗期生长,分解土壤中难溶性磷,提高土壤磷素的利用效率。 相似文献
5.
接种丛枝菌根真菌(AMF)对施磷石膏云烟87的生长以及砷污染的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
【目的】丛枝菌根真菌(arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi,AMF)能够促进作物养分的吸收及生长,且对土壤砷污染有一定的抗性。磷石膏(phosphogypsum,PG)因含有丰富的磷、硫等养分可以为作物生长提供必要的养分,同时也可能带来砷污染的风险。【方法】为了探讨接种AMF对云烟87生长的影响以及磷石膏农用可能引起的砷污染风险,通过盆栽模拟试验研究了不同PG添加量(0和40 g/kg以PG0、PG40表示)和接种不同AMF[不接种None mycorrhizal(NM)、接种G.mosseae丛枝菌根真菌(GM)、接种G.aggregatum丛枝菌根真菌(GA)]对云烟87苗期生长及其磷、硫、砷吸收的影响。【结果】试验结果表明:无论接种与否,PG40处理的云烟87植株磷含量、吸收量及吸收效率均显著增加,其地上部硫含量及吸收量也显著增加;除NM处理外,添加PG均显著增加了云烟87根系的硫含量、硫吸收量及吸收效率,并显著增加了其植株的生物量。相同PG添加水平下,与NM处理相比,接种GM显著增加了云烟87根系的磷、硫吸收效率和植株的磷、硫含量及吸收量,另外,GM处理显著降低了其地上部砷含量及吸收量但显著增加了其植株的磷砷吸收比。在PG0处理下,接种GA显著增加了云烟87植株的磷含量及吸收量,并显著增加了其地上部硫含量及吸收量。在PG40处理下,接种GA显著增加了云烟87根系的硫含量和吸收量以及植株的生物量。无论是否添加PG,接种GA不同程度地降低了云烟87地上部砷含量和吸收量从而增加了其地上部的磷砷吸收比。【结论】在所有复合处理中,以添加磷石膏40 g/kg和接种GM对云烟87生长的促进效果较好,对施用磷石膏造成的砷污染有一定程度的抵御作用。 相似文献
6.
应用3 2 P研究了不同臭氧浓度对水培烤烟吸收磷素营养的影响。结果表明 :在水培法中低浓度臭氧使根对磷素吸收量所占全植株的百分率随培植时间而减少 ,而茎则随培植时间而增加 ;高浓度臭氧则在整个培植期间根、茎的吸收变化不大。两种培植方法磷素在叶中的分布情况都是 :下叶 >中叶 >上叶。烟株各部分的吸收情况 ,根 >茎 >下叶 >中叶 >上叶 ,且两种培植方法对磷的吸收量都与培植时间呈显著正相关 ,高浓度比低浓度臭氧吸收的磷多而快 相似文献
7.
水稻对~(14)CO_3~(2-)的吸收和积累动态 总被引：5，自引：3，他引：5
用同位素示踪技术研究水稻对14CO32-的吸收和积累动态,及其在水稻田中的行为特性。结果表明:通过水稻根系和浸于水中的茎杆下部吸收的14CO32-离子会向上部组织输送并形成积累趋势;在上部组织中,叶和茎杆上部的14C比活度随时间呈逐渐上升的趋势,而穗中的比活度于14d达最大值(271.9Bq/g)后又呈下降趋势;茎杆下部由于直接浸于水中,表现出对14CO32-离子的快速吸收、吸附,此后随时间呈下降趋势,根部表现出上升过程迟后于茎杆下部,其14C比活度也低于茎杆下部。上部组织(穗、叶和茎杆上部)中14C的百分含量随时间上升,而下部组织(茎杆下部和根)则相反,至试验后期(21~35d),其百分含量基本持平(约各占50%),14C从下部组织向上部组织输送的特征非常明显。 相似文献
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9.
为探讨苜蓿轮作玉米后玉米植株养分吸收与转运特性,以7龄紫花苜蓿地为前茬,连续3年采用当地同一高产栽培方案种植玉米,测定植株N、P、K养分的吸收、积累及转运。结果表明:苜蓿轮作玉米后,植株氮、磷含量吐丝后随着玉米种植年限的增加而显著下降,植株钾含量在吐丝前随着玉米种植年限的增加而降低。植株氮、磷、钾积累量随着玉米种植年限的增加而下降,不同年份植株氮吸收量和吸收比例在乳熟-成熟期差异最大,植株磷吸收量和吸收比例差异不显著,植株钾吸收量和吸收比例在出苗-大喇叭口期差异最大。植株氮转运量、转运率及对籽粒的贡献均随玉米种植年限增加而增加;植株磷转运量、转运率及对籽粒的贡献随玉米种植年限增加差异甚微;植株钾转运量、转运率及对籽粒的贡献均随玉米种植年限增加而降低。苜蓿轮作玉米后,随玉米种植年限增加,植株N、P、K吸收养分能力下降,氮养分转运率增加。 相似文献
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为了探讨丛枝菌根真菌（Arbuscular mycorrhizalfungi,AMF）对烤烟生长及磷石膏农用安全的影响,通过盆栽模拟试验研究了磷石膏（Phosphogypsum,PG）不同添加量[0、40mg·g^-1（PG0、PG40）1和接种两种AMF[Glomus massecle（GM）、G．aggregatum（GA）】对烤烟（KRK26）苗期生长及其磷（P）、硫（S）、砷（As）吸收的影响。试验结果表明：无论是否接种AMF,磷石膏的添加均显著增加了KRK26地上部生物量及其植株s含量、吸收量及吸收效率;除不接种处理（NM）的烤烟根系外,PG40处理显著增加了KRK26植株P含量、吸收量及吸收效率,并显著降低了NM处理的地上部As含量及吸收量,进而增加了磷砷吸收比。相同PG添加水平下,与不接种相比,接种GM和GA均显著增加了KRK26植株的生物量。除PGO处理的烤烟根系外,接种GM显著增加了KRK26植株P、S含量与吸收量及吸收效率,以及植株As含量及吸收量,并显著增加了PG40处理的植株磷砷吸收比;接种GA也显著增加了KRK26植株P、S含量及吸收量,并显著降低了PG0处理地上部As含量及吸收量。所有复合处理,以添加磷石膏40mg·g^-1和接种GA处理对KRK26的生长促进效果较好,对磷石膏施用造成的As污染有一定抵御作用。 相似文献
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甲烷（CH4）是一种强效温室气体,准确认识特定类型土壤CH4源汇特征及影响因子调控作用,对于提升土壤CH4吸收潜力以减缓全球气候变化具有重要意义。该研究以盐渍土为研究对象,在土壤室内培养试验中,设置了3个土壤含水率处理,分别为田间持水率（Field Capacity,FC）的50%（50%FC）,75% FC和100% FC;并在每个含水率下设置了6个含盐量处理,电导率分别为0.3、1.0、2.0、3.2、4.9和6.2 dS/m,研究不同土壤含水率和含盐量条件下盐渍土CH4吸收特征。在田间测坑试验中,观测了0.3、1.0和5.0 dS/m 3种含盐量土壤的CH4吸收特征及其对水分动态的响应。室内土壤培养试验结果表明,100%FC下6种盐分水平土壤CH4累积吸收量分别是75%FC下的1.08～1.39倍和50%FC的1.27～1.72倍,表明在田间持水率范围内,含水率升高促进了土壤CH4吸收;在3种含水率下,土壤CH4累积吸收量均随着处理含盐量升高而降低,6.2 dS/m最高含盐量处理的CH4累积吸收量相比0.3 dS/m最低含盐量处理显著降低了42.6%、52.3%和55.1%;相比50%FC、100%FC含水率下高含盐量对土壤CH4吸收具有更强的抑制作用,土壤含水率和含盐量对CH4吸收的影响存在显著的交互作用。田间测坑试验在野外田间条件下进一步验证了室内培养试验的结果,试验观测期内所有含盐量处理土壤CH4吸收速率均与土壤含水率呈显著正相关关系（P<0.01）;1.0和5.0 dS/m含盐量处理的累积CH4吸收量分别为0.3 dS/m非盐渍土处理的82.6%和59.8%,高含盐量抑制了土壤对CH4的吸收。研究结果表明盐渍土是CH4的汇,并受到土壤含水率和含盐量显著影响,在盐渍土开发利用中应考虑通过合理的水盐调控以提高土壤CH4汇的能力。 相似文献
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The effect of salinity and plant residue on soil phosphorus (P) availability was investigated. The organic carbon content of non-saline and salinized soil samples was enhanced by 1% with applying separately different amounts of residues. Fourteen residues including roots and shoots of wheat, barley, corn, alfalfa, and clover as well as leaves of apple, oak, plant-tree, and oleaster were used. Less available P was found in the non-saline soil compared to the saline soil. Plant residues appeared to have different impacts on availability of P. The salinity influence on soil P varied in different residues. The greatest increase (307%) in available P by salinity was found in the soil treated with alfalfa leaves. By increase in the total P in the plant materials up to 0.6% the positive effect of salinity on the available P decreased and then increased at higher concentrations of total P in the plant residues. 相似文献
13.
应用~(15)N示踪法,对甘蓝型油菜(Brassica napus L.)低芥酸品种“中油低芥三号”在不同播期下对氮肥的利用进行了研究。结果表明,在正常播期范围内,早播油菜比晚播油菜的氮吸收总量,吸收自肥料氮的百分率、氮肥利用率、氮肥生产效率、磷吸收量和磷生产效率都明显增加。因此生物产量、菜籽产量、产油量和含油率都显著提高。菜油中芥酸含量随播期推迟而稍有上升、但差异不显著。 相似文献
14.
钼磷配合施用对甘蓝型油菜产量和子粒品质的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
利用酸性黄棕壤进行连续2年的盆栽试验,研究了钼肥和磷肥配合施用对甘蓝型油菜产量和子粒含油量、油产量、蛋白质含量、硫甙和芥酸含量以及脂肪酸组分等品质指标的影响。钼肥和磷肥各设置3个水平,分别为Mo 0、0.15、0.30 mg /kg土和P2O5 0、0.20、0.40 g /kg土,共9个处理。结果表明:施钼能够显著（P0.05）提高油菜子粒产量和生物学产量,显著增加油菜子粒含油量、油产量及油酸、亚油酸含量,降低子粒硫甙、亚麻酸和硬脂酸的含量;施磷则能够极显著提高子粒产量和子粒油产量,显著增加生物学产量和亚油酸含量,降低芥酸、硫甙及二十碳烯酸的含量;钼肥和磷肥对提高油菜子粒产量、油产量和油酸含量,降低芥酸含量存在显著（P0.05）的协同效应。因此,钼肥和磷肥在提高油菜产量、改善油菜子粒品质方面均具有良好的作用,且两者配合施用效果更好。 相似文献
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Elham Shahrayini Mahboobeh Fallah Mahmoud Shabanpour Saeid Saadat 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2018,64(10):1329-1340
Inappropriate crop management and long-term use of heavy agricultural equipment can lead to soil compaction. On the other hand, soil and water salinity causes reduction in the plant yield in addition to adverse effects on plants tolerance to the various stresses. The aim of this study was to investigate the interaction between soil compaction and salinity on the macronutrients uptake and wheat yield as well as its agronomic traits. The pot experiment was carried out on the loamy soil in a completely randomized block design with three replications. The treatments consisted of two salinity types (saline, EC = 6 dS/m and non-saline soil) and five levels of compaction; control, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20%. The results showed that soil compaction had significant effect on the amount of N, P and K in wheat grain, so that the uptake of N, P and K by grain has been decreased by increasing the compaction level of soil. Soil salinity had significant effect on N, P and K content in grain that the content of N, P and K has been diminished in the saline treatments compared to non-saline treatments. Results on the agronomic traits and yield of wheat also revealed that soil compaction and salinity had significant effect (p < 0.01) on straw weight, number of ears, number of grain, and thousand grain weight which caused reduction in these parameters. The interaction between compaction and salinity had only significant correlation (p < 0.01) with thousand grain weight leading to the decrement of thousand grain weight with increasing compaction levels, particularly in the saline treatment. 相似文献
16.
Ahmad Rajabi Dehnavi Morteza Zahedi Jamshid Razmjoo Hamidreza Eshghizadeh 《Journal of plant nutrition》2019,42(11-12):1333-1349
This study was conducted to investigate the effect of salinity and foliar application of salicylic acid (SA) on sorghum biomass and nutrient contents. Treatments were comprised of salinity levels (0 and 100?mM NaCl) and SA concentrations (0.3, 0.7, 1.1 and 1.5?mM). Salinity increased sodium (Na), chlorine (Cl) and copper (Cu) but decreased nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), sulfur (S), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn) and manganese (Mn) contents and the root and shoot dry matter. Fe and Zn were the most affected nutrients by salinity. However, SA reduced Na and Cl but increased plant dry matter and nutrient content. SA had greater positive effects on root than on shoot dry matter. Maximum increases through SA were achieved in N, K, Fe, Mn, Cu, and shoot weight under salt stress but in Zn and root weight under non-saline condition. In most cases 1.1?mM was the most effective SA concentration in reducing the negative effects of salinity. 相似文献
17.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(4):395-407
Silicon (Si) is known to alleviate a number of abiotic stresses in higher plants including salinity stress. Two independent experiments were conducted to evaluate the role of Si in alleviating salinity stress in two contrasting wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes, Auqab-2000' (salt sensitive) and SARC-3 (salt tolerant). In the first experiment, genotypes were grown in hydroponics with two levels of salinity (0 and 60 mM NaCl) with and without 2 mM Si in a completely randomized design with four replications. Salinity stress significantly (P < 0.01) decreased all of the growth parameters, increased sodium (Na+) concentration, and decreased potassium (K+) concentration in shoots of both genotypes grown in hydroponics. Silicon significantly improved growth of both genotypes. The increase in growth was more prominent under salt stress (75%) than under normal condition (15%). In the second experiment, both genotypes were grown in normal [electrical conductivity (EC) = 1.23 d Sm–1] and natural saline field (EC = 11.92 d Sm–1) conditions with three levels of Si (0, 75, and 150 g g–1 Si) with three replications in a randomized complete block design. Silicon significantly (P < 0.05) decreased growth reduction in both genotypes caused by salinity stress. The grain yield under salt stress decreased from 62% to 33% and from 44% to 20% of the maximum potential in Auqab-2000 and SARC-3, respectively, when 150 g g–1 Si was used. Auqab-2000 performed better in normal field conditions, but SARC-3 produced more straw and grain yield in saline field conditions. Addition of Si significantly (P < 0.05) improved K uptake and reduced Na+ uptake in both of wheat genotypes and increased the K+/Na+ ratio in shoot. Enhanced salinity tolerance and improved growth in wheat by Si application was attributed to decreased Na+ uptake, its restricted translocation toward shoots, and enhanced K+ uptake. 相似文献
18.
氮、磷、钾、硼肥对甘蓝型油菜籽品质的影响 总被引：12，自引：2，他引：10
以多个正在大面积应用的甘蓝型油菜品种为研究对象,在长江流域冬油菜主产区的10个省（市）布置氮、磷、钾和硼肥田间肥效试验共284组,通过多点试验分别探讨当前生产条件下施用氮、磷、钾、硼肥对双低和双高甘蓝型油菜籽含油量、蛋白质、芥酸、硫甙的影响。结果表明,双低油菜籽平均含油量为41.66%,双高油菜含油量明显低于双低油菜,仅为38.92%。氮、磷、钾和硼肥施用对油菜籽的品质效应在不同试验点表现不尽相同,其总体趋势是:在磷、钾、硼肥基础上施用氮肥提高籽粒蛋白质含量而降低油分含量,且随氮肥用量的增加效果更明显,施氮对双高油菜油分及蛋白质含量的影响程度大于双低油菜;施磷、钾或硼肥有提高油菜籽含油量而降低蛋白质含量的趋势;施肥对油菜籽硫甙和芥酸含量有一定影响,但对品质影响不大。油菜籽含油量与收获指数、千粒重显著正相关,与蛋白质含量呈负相关。研究结果显示,在施氮的基础上配合施用磷、钾和硼肥能减少因施氮引起的油分损失。 相似文献
19.
Ramin Lotfi Kazem Ghassemi-Golezani Nosratollah Najafi 《Journal of plant nutrition》2018,41(14):1778-1785
Two experiments were carried out in 2013 and 2014, to investigate changes in grain filling rate (GFR), grain filling duration (GFD) and yield of mung bean in response to salicylic acid (SA) and silicon (Si) under salt stress (0, 3, 6 and 9 dS m?1). In experiment 1, four levels of SA (0, 0.5, 1 and 1.5 mM), but in experiment 2, two levels of SA (0 and 1 mM) and Si (0 and 2 mM) were applied. In experiment 1, GFR, GFD, yield components, biological and grain yields and harvest index were decreased with increasing salt stress. Application of different levels of SA, especially 1 mM, increased GFR, but decreased GFD. In experiment 2, GFD under salinity was shorter than that under non-saline condition, resulting in comparatively smaller grains. Application of Si and particularly SA accelerated grain development under all salinity treatments. The superiority of SA treated plants in GFR, grain weight and grains per plant resulted in greater grain yield per plant under saline and non-saline conditions. 相似文献
20.
A pot experiment was conducted in the wire house of Department of Crop Physiology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad to evaluate the effect of salinity stress on water relations, nutrient uptake and yield of six local spring wheat cultivars. The seeds were sown in plastic pots (25 × 15 cm) and experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design in factorial arrangement with three repeats. De-ionized water was used as control treatment while salinity stress was imposed by irrigating plants with sodium chloride (NaCl) solution of 10 mM at tillering, stem elongation, anthesis, and grain development stages. Results of the study demonstrated that salinity stress decreased water potential by 32%, osmotic potential by 12%, and relative water contents by 20% as compared to control treatment. The nitrogen (N) uptake was decreased by 36% under salinity stress, while phosphorous (P) and potassium (K) uptake were decreased by 56% and 42%, respectively. The yield of wheat plants was also significantly reduced under salinity stress. It reduced grain yield by 25% and grain weight by 7%. The response of different cultivars was also different to salinity stress as cultivars ‘Lasani-08’ and ‘FSD-08’ were found to be more tolerant as compared to other cultivars. 相似文献