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驻J18是利用长势强、粒色洁白的81043作母本,适应性广、多抗芝麻病害的豫芝四号作父本杂交选育而成,2003年3月通过全国芝麻品种鉴定委员会鉴定.该品种平均单产1 294.26kg/hm2,比对照豫芝四号增产10.89%,脂肪含量57.07%,抗多种芝麻病害,适宜于长江以北芝麻主产区种植. 相似文献
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红麻是一种重要纤维作物,随着红麻造纸工业的开发,它在我国国民经济中的地位将不断提高。目前生产上存在的一个主要障碍是病虫害,尤其是土传病害对其产量和品质的影响。据研究报道,我国红麻产区主要土传病害有由南方根结线虫(Meloidogyne incognita)1号和2号小种,爪哇根结线虫(M.javanica)和花生根结线虫(M.arenaria)2号小种诱致的根结线虫病,立枯丝核菌(Rhizoctonia 相似文献
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马铃薯(Solanum tuberosum L.)是贵州省六盘水市第三大粮食作物,具有重要的经济地位。由茄科雷尔氏菌(Ralstonia solanacearum)引起的马铃薯青枯病(Bacterial wilt)是一种世界性病害,是马铃薯生产中继晚疫病之后第二个最主要的限制性病害。本试验通过对贵州省六盘水市的马铃薯青枯病病原菌的生理小种及生化变种进行调查,为六盘水市马铃薯的抗病育种、引种栽培及青枯病的综合防治提供参考价值。结果表明,生理小种3号(生化变种2号)为优势小种,但生理小种1号(生化变种3号)、生理小种3号(生化变种2号)在本地区普遍流行,且两个生理小种分布无明显的地域特征,在海拔高度上亦无差异。 相似文献
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香蕉枯萎病己成为香蕉的毁灭性病害。该病属于土传性病害,扩散蔓延速度快,难于进行生物控制、药物防治及轮作、浸田等常用防治方法的防治。因此,防治香蕉枯萎病的最佳方法是进行香蕉遗传改良,培育抗病品种。选用从INIBAP[(International Network for the Improvement of Bnana and Plantain,国际香(大)蕉改良网络)]引进的42份香蕉种质资源,采用伤根侵染法,用含2×106个孢子/L的香蕉枯萎病1号和4号小种菌液分别对42份香蕉幼苗进行处理,筛选抗香蕉枯萎病种质。结果表明：在侵染1号小种时,7份材料表现高感,13份感病,22份中抗,无高抗;在侵染4号小种时,25份材料表现高感,12份感病,5份中抗,无高抗。综合分析显示,M11和M25对枯萎病1号和4号小种均表现中抗。 相似文献
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玉米杂交种咏丰1号的选育技术报告 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
咏丰1号是山西省农业科学院高粱研究所以自选系R9703为父本,以外引系早48为母本组配成的玉米杂交种。经过5年的各级试验示范结果表明,在山西省两年区域试验中该品种比对照屯玉8号平均增产15.7%。咏丰1号幼苗顶土能力较强,出苗快,苗势壮,植株生长健壮,抗各种病害,抗倒伏,活秆成熟,平均产量为10500kg/hm2。 相似文献
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玉米新品种生态适应性研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
2005～2006年在新宁开展了玉米新品种生态适应性试验，结果表明：科玉2号、蠡玉23比对照临奥1号增产幅度较大，其农艺、经济性状较优，适宜该地作春玉米栽培品种推广；洛玉1号产量较高，生育期短，日产量高，其农艺、经济性状较好，适宜该地特别是干旱地区作春玉米栽培；东单57和渝单7号产量优势明显，但应注意中、后期的病害防治。 相似文献
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黑穗病是广西蔗区最主要的病害。本研究利用人工接种结合病区大田自然发病的方法,用4对甘蔗黑穗病菌交配型单倍体菌株分别注射接种,对本实验室培育的甘蔗新品种(系)中蔗1号、中蔗6号和中蔗9号及广西主栽品种ROC22进行甘蔗黑穗病抗性评价。结果表明,4个甘蔗品种对黑穗病抗性从强到弱排序依次为:中蔗9号>中蔗1号>中蔗6号>ROC22。对重病区田间一年宿根自然发病进行全年跟踪调查,中蔗1号和中蔗6号黑穗病发病率为零,中蔗9号发病率为0.4%,ROC22为6.8%。结论:中蔗系列甘蔗品种有很强的黑穗病抗性。 相似文献
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12个马铃薯品种对晚疫病抗性比较与药剂防治 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过田间试验,探讨常用马铃薯晚疫病防治药剂对不同马铃薯品种晚疫病防治效果,对产量影响及筛选出对马铃薯晚疫病有抗性的品种。结果表明,田间晚疫病发病初期,银法利单用或与其他药剂混用均可以有效控制马铃薯晚疫病,并且增加田间产量;‘荷兰7’,‘黄麻子’、‘荷兰15’和‘尤金’为马铃薯晚疫病易感品种,因此田间管理要提前预防马铃薯晚疫病的发生;‘克新18号’、‘麦肯’、‘延薯4号’和‘克新13号’对晚疫病有较高的抗性;‘中兴202’、‘Lt-5’、‘夏波蒂’和‘克新1号’对晚疫病表现中抗,病害发生初期施药可以有效的控制病害扩展。 相似文献
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Insect pest management is facing the economic and ecological challenge worldwide due to the human and environmental hazards caused by majority of the synthetic pesticide chemicals. Identification of novel effective insecticidal compounds is essential to combat increasing resistance rates. Botanicals containing active insecticidal phytochemicals appear to be promising to address some of these problems. Therefore, there is a continuous need to explore new active molecules with different mechanisms of action. Secondary metabolites present in plants apparently function as defense (toxic), which inhibits reproduction and other processes. The phytochemical biomolecules could be used for maximizing the effectiveness and specificity in future insecticide design with specific or multiple target sites, while ensuring the economic and ecological sustainability. In this article, the current state of knowledge on phytochemical sources and insecticidal activity, their mechanism of action in insects, resistance, and promising advances made in phytochemical research are reviewed. 相似文献
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The dynamic rheological behaviours of mixtures of glutenin fractions extracted from wheat cultivar Hereward were investigated as a function of the relative concentration of high to low molecular weight glutenin concatenations. Time-temperature superposition could be applied to both the mixtures and to the total gluten, as long as heat-treated samples were distinguished from unheated samples. The ratio of high to low molecular weight concatenations was found to be very important for the rheological behaviour of the network. High molecular weight fractions promoted the network properties of the mixture, as could be seen from the presence of a plateau in the rheological spectrum. Low molecular weight fractions gave rise to a plasticizing effect as indicated by their narrowing effect on the width of the plateau region in the rheological spectrum. Upon heating, the modulus increased over the full range of frequencies, as for single fractions. This increase indicated that a thermal association occurred in the concatenations at temperatures around 40 °C. As a result of heating, the transition zone became apparent in the spectrum at high frequencies. The slopes of the loss modulus G” in the transition zone were found to be higher for mixtures rich in low molecular weight concatenations. The effect of the relative abundance of each fraction on the rheological characteristics of the mixtures was summarized in a number of simple rheological blending rules for the small-deformation rheological properties of glutenin. 相似文献
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采用线性梯度SDS－PAGE分析芸薹属4个种17个品种（系）的种子贮藏蛋白亚基组成，表明种子贮藏蛋白比较复杂，共有58条带，分子量范围是8000～300000D，不同种不同品系带型不同，种间差异主要表现在8000～70000D之间，品种（系）的差异主要在70000～300000D之间，相似度指数也表现出同种内不同的品种之间相似度高，种内品种间相似度大于种间。 相似文献
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The characterisation of the wheat endosperm by mechanical tests of compression highlighted a relation between the rupture energy and the elasticity modulus for different varieties of wheat; this relation allows us to distinguish mealy and vitreous endosperms. An approach based on the micromechanics of cohesive granular materials is used to analyse these experimental results. A geometrical model of the wheat endosperm made of grains linked by cohesive bonds is proposed. We introduced two parameters, the first one α represents the percentage of active bonds (bonds where the stiffness and strength are non-zero), and the second one β represents the threshold of the bond's rupture. The parameter β can be related to the cross-section of the bond. This model successfully describes the mechanical tests on the wheat endosperm. The comparison with the experimental tests makes it possible to clearly differentiate vitreous wheats and mealy wheats and then attribute this property to the parameter β. The model shows the same tendency as regards the evolution of the rupture energy and the elastic modulus with the parameter α. The modelling of endosperm by the mechanics of cohesive granular media provides a new theoretical framework to interpret the rheology of endosperm. This approach allows us to connect this rheology to the mechanical actions at the scale of the granules. 相似文献
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Two types of diagnostics are used for N management in grasslands: diagnostics based on N concentration of shoots and diagnostics based on soil mineral N. The Nitrogen Nutrition Index (NNI) is an example of the first type. However, its evaluation requires the determination of shoot dry weight per unit area and, thus, constitutes a practical limit to its utilization in the context of farm studies. In order to simplify its evaluation, a method based on the N concentration of the upper sward layer (Nup) has been proposed. The objectives of this study were to test the relationship between NNI and Nup in the context of permanent grassland and to examine the relationship between Nup and soil mineral status. The study was conducted as two experiments, one on small cut‐plots receiving contrasting rates of mineral N fertilization, and a second on plots of an existing field‐scale lysimeter experiment. In each plot and at several dates, shoot biomass within quadrats was measured, N concentration was determined on the upper leaves and on the entire shoots, and mineral nitrogen of the soil below the vegetation sampled was determined. N concentration of the upper lamina layer of the canopy was linearly related to the NNI determined on the entire shoots. Therefore, determining N concentration in leaves at the top of canopy appears to be an alternative means to evaluate NNI without having to measure shoot biomass. The absence of an overall significant correlation between soil mineral N content and sward N index, observed over the two studies, indicates that each of these two indicators has to be considered specifically in relation to the objective of the diagnostic procedure. As sward N index may vary independently of soil mineral N content, the sward N indicator does not appear to be a suitable indicator for diagnosis of environmental risks related to nitrate leaching. However, soil mineral N content does not allow the prediction of sward N status and thus is not a suitable indicator of sward growth rate. Although soil mineral N content is an important environmental indicator for nitrate‐leaching risks during potential drainage periods, it has a limited diagnosis value with respect to the herbage production function of grasslands. 相似文献
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Sena L.P. VanderJagt D.J. Rivera C. Tsin A.T.C. Muhamadu I. Mahamadou O. Millson M. Pastuszyn A. Glew R.H. 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1998,52(1):17-30
In the western Sahel, indigenous plants become important staples when cereal harvests are inadequate to support populations inhabiting that region of Africa. The purpose of this study was to assess the nutrient content of several of these edible wild plants. The leaves of the following seven plant foods were analyzed: Ziziphus mauritiana, Cerathotheca sesamoides, Moringa oleifera, Leptadenia hastata, Hibiscus sabdarifa, Amaranthus viridi, and Adansonia digitata. The fatty acid, vitamin E, carotenoid, selected mineral and amino acid contents of these plant foods were determined. These same analyses were performed on the fruit of the Adansonia digitata. In quantitative and qualitative terms, Amaranthus viridis was found to be an excellent source of protein. Its amino acid composition compared favorably to that of a World Health Organization (WHO) protein standard. It also contained considerable amounts of the two fatty acids that are essential in humans (linoleic and -linolenic) and a number of minerals including iron, magnesium, calcium and zinc. The leaves of Hibiscus sabdarifa contained an appreciable quantity of protein the composition of which was comparable to the WHO standard. The mineral content of the leaves of this plant was also exceptionally high; noteworthy was its high zinc content. H. sabdarifa also contained significant quantities of the two essential fatty acids. Ziziphus mauritiana was an excellent source of the essential fatty acid linoleic acid and several of the metals including iron, calcium, magnesium and zinc. Its content of other essential nutrients, however, was rather low. In general, Adansonia digitata leaves were nutritionally superior to the fruit of the tree; however, the fruit did contain useful quantities of potassium, phosphorus, zinc and -linolenic acid. The Leptadenia hastata leaves were an especially good source of lutein and -carotene. These data should be useful to the people who inhabit the western Sahel in helping them devise healthy diets during times when cereal staples are in short supply. 相似文献
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通过电解质外渗法和匍匐茎恢复试验对‘阳江’狗牙根及其12个通过形态鉴定选出的坪用价值高且花序密度低的诱变后代进行抗寒性鉴定。电解质外渗法结果表明:诱变后代间的抗寒性具有较大差异,其叶片半致死温度(LT50)的变异范围为-7.6～-0.2℃(最低值与最大值相差7.4℃);参试材料抗寒性由强到弱依次为M18>M4>M26>M28> M22>阳江>M29>M31>M10>M37>M16>M1>M25,其中,有5个诱变后代抗寒性优于亲本,分别是M18、M4、M26、M28、M22。匍匐茎恢复实验结果表明:诱变后代M1、M22、M26、M31、M25在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫后的恢复生长率都高于亲本,恢复能力均优于亲本;M10、M37、M28在-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长能力低于亲本,抗寒性相对较弱,M16和M4在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长率都低于亲本,抗寒性明显弱于亲本。综合2种方法鉴定结果显示:诱变后代M1、M25的恢复能力较强;M4、M28的叶片抗寒性较好,青绿期较长;M22、M18、M26的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较强;M29,M31的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力与亲本相似;M10、M16、M37的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较弱,整体抗寒性较弱。 相似文献
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Susceptibility to insecticides was investigated by collecting field populations of brown planthopper from different locations of southern Karnataka,India(Gangavati,Kathalagere,Kollegala,Soraba and Mandya).All the field populations differed in their susceptibility to insecticides.In general,Soraba and Mandya populations were more susceptible to insecticides compared to Gangavati and Kathalagere populations.The resistance ratios varied greatly among the populations viz.,chlorpyriphos(1.13-to 16.82-fold),imidacloprid(0.53-to 13.50-fold),acephate(1.34-to 5.32-fold),fipronil(1.13-to4.06-fold),thiamethoxam(1.01-to 2.19-fold),clothianidin(1.92-to 4.86-fold),dinotefuran(0.82-to 2.22-fold),buprofezin(1.06-to 5.43-fold)and carbofuran(0.41-to 2.17-fold).The populations from Gangavati,Kathalagere and Kollegala exhibited higher resistance to some of the old insecticides and low resistance to new molecules. 相似文献
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东北三省玉米气候适宜度变化分析 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
利用东北三省25个农业气象观测站平均资料及176个气象站1961～2007年的逐日气象资料,对玉米全生育期及各主要玉米生育阶段的气候因子及综合气候适宜度进行计算分析。结果表明,自1961年以来,玉米各发育期对气候因子适宜程度不同,播种期-出苗期、出苗期-开花期、开花期-成熟期温度适宜度呈上升趋势,日照适宜度呈下降趋势;播种期-出苗期降水呈上升趋势,其余各生育期降水均为下降趋势。玉米全生育期降水、日照适宜度呈下降趋势,温度适宜度呈上升趋势,综合气候适宜度东北三省均呈下降趋势。各气候因子组合效果较好,玉米产量与各生育阶段的不同气候因子的适宜度相关性差异较大。 相似文献