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1.
We review the stock assessment strategies and management procedures for walleye pollock Theragra chalcogramma in Japan. In Japan, walleye pollock is classified into 4 stocks. Because biological data, fishing conditions, etc. are different for each stock, the stocks are assessed by different methods. Harvest strategies aiming at stock recovery are proposed for the Northern Japan Sea stock and the Nemuro Strait stock, which are currently in poor condition. For the Japanese Pacific stock and the Southern Okhotsk Sea stock, which are in good condition, harvest strategies for current fishery operations are proposed. In Japan, fisheries co-management has traditionally been carried out, and in recent years a total catch limitation system called the total allowable catch, a resource recovery plan, and a resource management plan have also been implemented. Although a plan is devised that accounts for the stock conditions of walleye pollock, it is also necessary to consider socioeconomic factors, ecosystem factors, and so on. However, we consider that the main focus of stock management for walleye pollock will still be maintaining fishing pressure at an appropriate level, which includes regulating fish size and price during the fishing season. 相似文献
2.
Integrating recreational fisheries data into stock assessment: implications for model performance and subsequent harvest strategies 
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下载免费PDF全文 Understanding the impacts of recreational fishing on commercially fished stocks is becoming increasingly relevant for fisheries managers. However, data from recreational fisheries are not commonly included in stock assessments of commercially fished stocks. Simulation models of two assessment methods employed in Australia's Commonwealth fisheries were used to explore how recreational fishery data can be included, and the likely consequences for management. In a data‐poor management strategy for blue eye trevalla, Hyperoglyphe antarctica (Carmichael), temporal trends in recreational catch most affected management outcomes. In a data‐rich age‐structured stock assessment for striped marlin, Kajikia audax (Philippi), estimates of stock status were biased when recreational catches were large or when the recreational fishery targeted different size classes than the commercial fishery and these data were not integrated into the assessment. Including data from recreational fishing can change perceptions of stock status and impact recommendations for harvest strategies and management action. An understanding of recreational fishery dynamics should be prioritised for some species. 相似文献
3.
山东半岛南部海域三疣梭子蟹增殖放流群体回捕率 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
根据2010年和2011年5-8月在山东半岛南部海域对三疣梭子蟹(Portunus trituberculatus)增殖放流前后分别进行的每年3个航次的对比调查结果,定量分析了三疣梭子蟹自然群体和增殖放流群体的数量,并根据三疣梭子蟹放流苗种数量和放流后捕捞产量,对三疣梭子蟹增殖放流群体回捕率进行分析.研究结果表明,2010年5月山东半岛南部海域三疣梭子蟹增殖放流前自然群体资源量很少,相对资源密度为0.90 ind/(站.h);在5-6月共放流苗种11 015.13万只,放流后10d左右资源量增加为26.08 ind/(站.h),放流群体所占的比例为96.55％;8月进行调查的相对资源密度为1.70 ind/(站.h),当年生群体数量占所有群体数量的比例为64.29％;9月、10月、11月秋汛期间捕捞产量为3 108 t,捕捞个体平均质量为232.3 g,增殖放流群体回捕率为7.54％.201 1年5月山东半岛南部海域三疣梭子蟹增殖放流前自然群体相对资源密度为1.70 ind/(站.h);在5-6月共放流苗种13 132万只,放流后10d左右资源量增加为29.15 ind/(站.h),放流群体所占的比例为94.17％;8月进行调查的相对数量为1.00 ind/(站.h),当年生群体数量占所有群体数量的比例为70.00％;9月、10月、11月秋汛期间捕捞产量为2 896 t,回捕个体平均质量为226.0 g,增殖放流群体回捕率为6.43％.除2011年胶州湾海域由于富营养化水质较差,以及其他因素对黄家塘湾海域的影响导致这两个放流点放流群体回捕率偏低外,2010年和2011年山东半岛南部放流海域整体水质良好,水温、透明度、盐度、营养盐比例、生物饵料等均比较适中,属于放流环境条件较佳的海域,比较适合三疣梭子蟹生长,放流群体回捕率整体上处于较高水平. 相似文献
4.
Christopher J. Brown Andrew Broadley Maria F. Adame Trevor A. Branch Mischa P. Turschwell Rod M. Connolly 《Fish and Fisheries》2019,20(1):1-14
At the crux of the debate over the global sustainability of fisheries is what society must do to prevent over‐exploitation and aid recovery of fisheries that have historically been over‐exploited. The focus of debates has been on controlling fishing pressure, and assessments have not considered that stock production may be affected by changes in fish habitat. Fish habitats are being modified by climate change, built infrastructure, destructive fishing practices and pollution. We conceptualize how the classification of stock status can be biased by habitat change. Habitat loss and degradation can result in either overly optimistic or overly conservative assessment of stock status. The classification of stock status depends on how habitat affects fish demography and what reference points management uses to assess status. Nearly half of the 418 stocks in a global stock assessment database use seagrass, mangroves, coral reefs and macroalgae habitats that have well‐documented trends. There is also considerable circumstantial evidence that habitat change has contributed to over‐exploitation or enhanced production of data‐poor fisheries, like inland and subsistence fisheries. Globally many habitats are in decline, so the role of habitat should be considered when assessing the global status of fisheries. New methods and global databases of habitat trends and use of habitats by fishery species are required to properly attribute causes of decline in fisheries and are likely to raise the profile of habitat protection as an important complementary aim for fisheries management. 相似文献
5.
Peter J Mumby 《Fish and Fisheries》2016,17(1):266-278
The problem of ecosystem overfishing has mostly focused on the function of forage fish as prey for apex predators. Here, I consider another ecosystem function, herbivory, that affects habitat quality. Parrotfish are an important fishery in many parts of the Caribbean and the dominant herbivorous fish on its coral reefs. Herbivory helps to control macroalgae which compete with coral and can impede reef resilience if allowed to bloom. Thus, long‐term maintenance of reef habitat quality, which underpins fisheries, requires sufficient parrotfish stock. Ecosystem models predict that reductions in parrotfish grazing could have deleterious impacts on reef habitat yet the determination of ecologically sustainable levels of parrotfish harvest remains elusive. An initial solution to this dilemma is proposed for areas where an outright ban on herbivore exploitation is considered infeasible. Fisheries management has tended to consider coral reefs as a single habitat such that regulations apply evenly throughout exploitable areas. But reef habitats are not equally susceptible to ecosystem overfishing and some do not appear to have a strong requirement for parrotfish grazing. One habitat, Orbicella reef, has a high dependence on herbivory, whereas the state of another dominant habitat – gorgonian plain – appears to be driven by environmental factors (e.g. wave exposure). Ecosystem‐based fisheries management could be improved by restricting parrotfish harvest on Orbicella reefs yet allowing exploitation on gorgonian plain. Management could then focus on achieving a sustainable yield on gorgonian plains without the added complexity of estimating catch levels that avoid ecosystem overfishing. 相似文献
6.
The aim of this study was to determine the effects of net height on the capture performance of crab entangling nets. Fishing trials were conducted using nets at varying net heights (1) 12 meshes down (MD), (2) 24 MD and (3) 50 MD. A total of 1290 individuals comprising 87 species belonging to 53 families were caught. One-way analysis of variance showed that net height significantly affected the various catch parameters, including catch per unit effort (CPUE) of the total and target catch, amount of non-target catch, size of catch and species richness. The use of appropriate net height is a potential technical measure for a selective but still efficient crab entangling net fishery. Lower net height significantly reduced non-target catch by up to 70%. Lower net height also decreased the CPUE of target catch such as Portunus pelagicus and Charybdis feriatus by up to 65% at 12 MD, but catch at 24 MD was not significantly different than that at 50 MD. The use of a net height of 24 MD also resulted in the capture of larger-sized P. pelagicus. The richness of the catch species decreased by up to 58% in lower nets. These results are useful to fishery managers and government institutions when developing and/or improving existing regulations towards a sustainable crab fishery, particularly blue swimming crabs. 相似文献
7.
捕捞和环境变化对渤海生态系统的影响 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3
以1982年的渤海Ecopath静态模型为起始状态,设置17个功能群,利用CPUE和渔业相对捕捞强度作为时间强制序列,构建渤海Ecosim模型,模拟1982—2008年渤海生态系统发育的动态变化及捕捞的影响;利用气候环境时间序列数据,分析环境变化对渤海生态系统渔业资源的影响。研究发现,1982—2008年间,只有口虾蛄的生物量保持上升趋势,主要经济鱼种小黄鱼、蓝点马鲛、鳀、花鲈、黄鲫等的生物量均呈下降趋势,虾蟹类、头足类的生物量相对稳定。渤海渔获物的平均营养级在1982—2008年间明显下降,总捕捞产量在1984年之后一直保持上升趋势,两者之间存在显著的负相关;FIB指数的变动与捕捞产量的变动保持一致。Q-90多样性指数在1982—1987年间处于波动状态,从1988—1994年间保持增长趋势,在1994年之后迅速下降,由2.5降至0.5附近,渔业生物多样性下降;渤海海表盐度、海表水温、黄河径流量对捕捞产量影响显著。Ecosim模型终止状态(2008年)与起始状态(1982年)的比较表明,系统成熟度降低,生态系统出现一定程度的退化,渔业捕捞是渔业生态系统出现退化的主要原因,降低了生态系统总体的生物量水平;除捕捞因素外,环境变化也是影响渤海生态系统渔业资源变动的主要因素。 相似文献
8.
为了解黄海和东海渔业资源群落结构的变化,基于2013年6月(夏季)和9月(秋季)黄、东海渔业资源底拖网调查数据,对渔业资源种类组成、优势种、渔获量空间分布、群落多样性和群落结构进行了研究。结果显示,共鉴定渔业种类185种,其中底层鱼类93种、中上层鱼类31种、甲壳类48种、头足类12种和贝类1种。在鱼类中,鲈形目种类最多,27科47属56种,占鱼类总种类数的45.2%。夏季优势种为鳀(Engraulis japonicus)、脊腹褐虾(Crangon affinis)、带鱼(Trichiurus lepturus)和小黄鱼(Larimichthys polyactis),秋季优势种为三疣梭子蟹(Portunus trituberculatus)、小黄鱼、鳀和带鱼,优势种季节波动不大。秋季平均单位时间渔获量为46.60 kg/h,高于夏季(39.35 kg/h)。秋季航次调查中渔业资源较夏季更为集中,主要分布在长江口和吕泗渔场附近,其他断面渔获量较低。夏季航次群落多样性指数高于秋季航次。CLUSTER聚类分析表明,黄、东海渔业生物群落可分为2组,夏、秋季2组界线变动不大,2组聚类的形成可能受水温和长江径流影响。 相似文献
9.
黄渤海蓝点马鲛繁殖群体渔业生物学特征研究 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
利用2016年4-5月、2017年4月在黄、渤海调查采集的350尾蓝点马鲛(Scomberomorus niphonius)繁殖群体的生物学数据,对该繁殖群体的生物学特征进行了分析研究。结果表明:该繁殖群体的叉长范围为406～1010 mm,体重范围为533～7245 g,年龄组成为1～10龄,其中1龄与2龄个体分别占总数的39.2%与33.7%。采用Von Bertalanffy生长方程表示其生长特性,生长参数分别为L_∞=1246.9mm,K=0.11;雌雄性比为1:1.49,3龄前雄性个体数占优势,3龄后雌性个体数占优势。蓝点马鲛的产卵期在4～6月,产卵盛期为4～5月;其绝对繁殖力范围为9.2～127.5万粒/尾,平均50.5万粒/尾;绝对繁殖力随着年龄、叉长的上升逐渐增大,7龄后出现衰退现象。蓝点马鲛的优势饵料生物为玉筋鱼(Ammodytes personatus)、细鳌虾(Leptochela gracilis)。与历史记录比较,蓝点马鲛低龄化、小型化现象更加突出,摄食结构改变,繁殖期提前,繁殖力水平有减小的趋势。 相似文献
10.
A framework for incorporating climate regime shifts into the management of marine resources 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Abstract It is possible to use an ecosystem-based management approach to incorporate knowledge of climate regime impacts on ecosystem productivity to manage fishery resources. To do so, it requires the development of a coherent framework that can be built using existing stock assessment and management activities: ecosystem assessment, risk analyses, adaptive management and reference points. This paper builds such a framework and uses two population simulations to illustrate the benefits and tradeoffs of variable regime-specific harvest rates. The framework does not require prediction of regime shifts, but assumes that detection can occur soon after one has happened. As such, decisions do not need to be coincident to regime shifts, but can be delayed by an appropriate period of time that is linked to a species' life history, i.e. age of maturity or recruitment. Fisheries scientists should provide harvest recommendations that reflect a range of levels of risk to the stock under different assumptions of productivity. Coupling ecosystem assessment with ecosystem-based management would allow managers to select appropriate regime-specific harvest rates. 相似文献
11.
南极磷虾渔业CPUE及其丰度估算适用性 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
作为一种衡量渔业资源丰度变化的指标,CPUE常用于多种渔业资源评估。南极磷虾作为一种集群性的生物资源,其资源存在着较为明显的时空变化特征,加之该物种本身所具有的特殊性以及渔业特点,这也使得采用CPUE作为衡量该资源丰度指标的有效性存在着较大的不确定性。为此,本实验详细介绍了4种南极磷虾渔业CPUE的常用估算方法,并总结了这些方法所具有的特点、优势以及劣势,在此基础上从时空尺度和环境影响因素等方面对南极磷虾渔业CPUE估算的影响进行了分析。最后,实验就CPUE作为评估南极磷虾资源丰度的适用性及可行性进行了探讨。近年来,南极磷虾渔业日益受到全球的关注,但如何将渔业调查数据纳入到南极磷虾资源评估当中,一直未得到统一的结论,从而导致基于生态系统的南极磷虾渔业管理进展缓慢,本研究结果可为更好地开展南极磷虾资源评估和丰度估算提供思路。 相似文献
12.
基于贝叶斯方法的东、黄海鲐资源评估及管理策略风险分析 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7
运用基于贝叶斯的剩余产量模型,对东、黄海鲐资源进行评估,确定了当前鲐资源开发利用状态,估算了在不同收获率水平下未来5年鲐资源量和年总可捕捞量,分析了管理策略实施后鲐资源崩溃的风险。结果表明,2006年东、黄海鲐正遭受过度捕捞,但其资源量并未处于过度捕捞状态。决策分析表明,收获率为0.3是最适预防性的管理策略,在该策略下,鲐平均资源量将从2006年的451千吨将增加到2011年的871千吨,2011年资源量恢复到BMSY的概率为0.48,而过度捕捞的概率为0。 相似文献
13.
小黄鱼体长-体质量关系和肥满度的年际变化 总被引：1，自引：4，他引：1
根据1960-2010年渤海和黄海南部春季(4-5月)14个航次底拖网调查资料,采用体长对应平均体质量的方法和相对体质量法,按性别逐年拟合小黄鱼黄海北部-渤海群系和黄海南部群系雌雄群体的体长-体质量关系,计算肥满度,并分析其影响因子.结果显示,在多数年份内,小黄鱼雌雄个体间体长-体质量关系参数b无显著性差异(P＞0.05);参数a和b呈极显著负相关关系(P＜0.01),lga与b的比值受环境影响较小,可能与鱼体密度有关.小黄鱼黄海北部-渤海群系雌雄群体从1960年到2004年以等速生长为主,与1960年相比,参数b在资源严重衰退期和资源恢复初期(1982-1993年)有所增大;黄海南部群系雌雄群体从1960年到2010年以负异速生长为主,参数b在资源严重衰退期和资源恢复初期(1986-1994年)呈减小趋势,20世纪90年代后期开始逐渐升高.小黄鱼黄海北部-渤海群系雌雄群体的肥满度从1960年到2004年总体呈减小趋势;黄海南部群系雌雄群体1986年的肥满度极显著小于对应群体1960年的肥满度(P＜0.01),此后略有升高,但年间差异不显著(P＞0.05).分析认为,在较好的饵料条件下,相对较低的捕捞压力是20世纪80-90年代初期小黄鱼黄海北部-渤海群系雌雄群体呈等速生长的主要原因:而持续的高捕捞压力引起群体中低龄鱼比例增加、体长生长速度加快是黄海南部群系呈负异速生长的主要原因.个体性成熟年龄减小是小黄鱼肥满度呈下降趋势的主要原因,但黄海伏季休渔管理和春季南黄海较高的水温,可能是20世纪90年代中期开始小黄鱼黄海南部群系各群体肥满度略有升高的原因. 相似文献
14.
根据上海海洋大学中国远洋渔业数据中心提供的日本鲭(Scomber japonicus)生产捕捞数据,结合海表面温度(SST)、海表面高度(SSH)以及净初级生产力(NPP)3个关键因子,利用算术平均法进行栖息地适应性指数(HSI)建模分析,并选择2007年拉尼娜年份和2015年厄尔尼诺年份,对比研究东海日本鲭栖息地的年间差异。结果发现,拉尼娜年份(2007年)日本鲭的产量、捕捞努力量、CPUE(单位捕捞努力量渔获量)均高于厄尔尼诺年份(2015年),且渔场纬度重心(LATG)相对2015年偏北。对比渔场环境条件发现,2007年和2015年7—9月SST、SSH和NPP在空间分布上具有显著性差异。此外,栖息地建模结果显示,2007年各环境因子均有利于形成较好的日本鲭栖息地;且2007年7—9月适宜栖息地(HSI>0.6海域范围)面积明显大于2015年,其栖息地位置相较于2015年明显偏北,这导致2007年的渔场纬度重心比2015年偏北。研究表明,2007年拉尼娜事件和2015年厄尔尼诺事件对东海日本鲭适宜栖息地大小及其空间分布具有显著影响。 相似文献
15.
2018年秋季,利用囊网内径网目为25、35、45、55 mm的坛子网在黄海海州湾渔场N 35°02.335′,E 119°24.842′附近海域进行了11网次试验。从Logistic选择性模型、坛子网不同网目对主要渔获物小黄鱼的选择性曲线、渔获物组成、幼鱼比例及选择性分析等方面,研究坛子网网囊的选择性。试验结果显示,坛子网九月主要渔获物为小黄鱼、带鱼和三疣梭子蟹;随网囊网目尺寸的增加,渔获物质量逃逸率及尾数逃逸率均迅速增加,网目尺寸为55 mm时其值均超过80%,且质量逃逸率及尾数逃逸率的值比较接近;渔获物组成中,小黄鱼、银鲳和三疣梭子蟹幼体比例非常高,基本全为幼体,带鱼幼鱼比例也超过70%;根据小黄鱼的可捕体长,获得坛子网针对小黄鱼的最适网囊网目尺寸,为(40.59±3.19)mm。研究结果可为我国海州湾渔具管理以及渔业资源的可持续发展与管理提供科技支撑。 相似文献
16.
The physical environment directly influences the distribution, abundance, physiology and phenology of marine species. Relating species presence to physical ocean characteristics to determine habitat associations is fundamental to the management of marine species. However, direct observation of highly mobile animals in the open ocean, such as tunas and billfish, is challenging and expensive. As a result, detailed data on habitat preferences using electronic tags have only been collected for the large iconic, valuable or endangered species. An alternative is to use commercial fishery catch data matched with historical ocean data to infer habitat associations. Using catch information from an Australian longline fishery and Bayesian hierarchical models, we investigate the influence of environmental variables on the catch distribution of yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares). The focus was to understand the relative importance of space, time and ocean conditions on the catch of this pelagic predator. We found that pelagic regions with elevated eddy kinetic energy, a shallow surface mixed layer and relatively high concentrations of chlorophyll a are all associated with high yellowfin tuna catch in the Tasman Sea. The time and space information incorporated in the analysis, while important, were less informative than oceanic variables in explaining catch. An inspection of model prediction errors identified clumping of errors at margins of ocean features, such as eddies and frontal features, which indicate that these models could be improved by including representations of dynamic ocean processes which affect the catch of yellowfin tuna. 相似文献
17.
有限数据方法(data-limited method)可结合少量易获得数据和相关生物学信息对渔业资源状况、生物学参考点以及生物量等进行评估,已经成为全球区域性渔业管理组织和资源评估学者的关注热点。本研究采用基于渔获量的最大可持续渔获量(catch-based maximum sustainable yield,CMSY)和基于贝叶斯状态空间的Schaefer产量模型(Bayesian Schaefer production model,BSM)评估了东海区19个重要经济种类的资源状况,并提出了基于最大可持续渔获量(maximum sustainable yield,MSY)的渔业管理建议。结果显示,19个种类中有1个种类衰竭,3个种类严重衰退,5个种类过度捕捞,5个种类轻度过度捕捞,5个种类健康。种群状态长期评估结果表明,处于生物可持续水平的鱼类种群占比已由1980年的95%下降至2019年的26%。同时对CMSY和BSM方法的结果进行了比较,整合单位捕捞努力量渔获量(catch per unit effort,CPUE)数据的BSM方法导致了置信区间较宽,并调节了生物量轨迹的变化形态... 相似文献
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基于2020年黄河口须子网生计渔业和生物组成周年监测数据,开展黄河口潮间带渔业生物多样性及其季节变化研究,评价须子网生产对黄河口渔业资源补充的影响。结果显示,黄河口潮间带的渔业生物种类丰富,共鉴定记录61种生物,以鱼类和甲壳类居多。生物多样性和优势种组成均具有明显的月变化。多样性水平以夏季7―8月较高,秋季10―11月较低;5―9月、10―11月组群分别具有较高的种类组成相似度。各类群的数量组成中,4―7月螺类数量居多,8月螺类和鱼类数量居多,9月鱼类数量居多,10―11月蟹类数量居多。鱼类是各调查月渔获的优势类群,其中,花鲈(Lateolabrax maculatus)和 (Liza haematocheila)为各调查月都出现的优势种。个体大小–频数百分比分布显示,黄河口潮间带是小型渔业生物以及多种幼鱼分布的重要区域。4―9月,渔获物的主体均由个体重量< 2 g的生物组成(44%~82%),鱼类以个体质量< 20 g为主,优势种类组成月更替明显。研究表明,开展须子网生计渔业调查和监测是采集黄河口沿岸咸、淡水交汇区潮间带包括鱼类补充群体在内的诸多渔业生物分布资料的有效途径。研究还表明,须子网渔业生产虽为黄河口沿岸当地传统的生计渔业,但其低选择性及在迁移通道的布设方式等易对渔业资源自然补充和增殖养护群体造成破坏,建议主管部门根据幼鱼种类组成和出现季节特征,重点在夏季和初秋季对该渔业的网目和布设区域进行相应管控。 相似文献
19.
东海日本鲭繁殖群体生物学特征的年代际变化 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
利用1960–2012年间3个时间段共1054尾东海日本鲭(Scomber japonicus)繁殖群体的基础生物学数据,对其群体组成、肥满度、性比、性成熟长度等繁殖特征的年代际变化进行了研究。结果表明,随着时间的推移,东海日本鲭繁殖群体的年龄结构和优势年龄组、肥满度指数、最小和平均性成熟长度都呈现出逐渐下降的趋势。各年代的性比均符合1∶1关系(P0.05),但呈现升高的趋势。与前2个年代相比,21世纪初期有大量1龄鱼加入繁殖群体,这有助于提高繁殖群体的数量。各年代的雌雄鱼性成熟长度之间无显著性差异(P0.05),但最小和平均性成熟长度均表现为雄鱼略大于雌鱼。面对近50年来不断增强的捕捞压力,日本鲭主要采取降低性成熟年龄、提高性腺指数、增加群体中的雌性比例、提高相对繁殖力和减小卵径等自身调节机制来保持种群的延续。针对上述日本鲭繁殖群体的生物学长期变化特征,为了保持该鱼类资源的种群平衡和渔业可持续利用,文章提出了3点渔业管理建议,分别是控制中上层渔业捕捞努力量并制定渔船及网具标准、在主要产卵场设立产卵亲体保护区及在幼鱼索饵场设立特殊禁渔期、针对日本鲭渔业实施TAC管理制度。 相似文献
20.
Adverse consequences of stock recovery: European hake,a new “choke” species under a discard ban? 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Many commercial fish stocks are beginning to recover under more sustainable exploitation regimes. In this study, we document the temporal and spatial changes in one remarkable example of stock recovery: northern European hake (Merluccius merluccius). Analysing data from several scientific surveys, we document a dramatic increase in estimates of biomass between 2004 and 2011 throughout the larger area now occupied by the stock. The largest increase occurred in the North Sea, where hake have been largely absent for over 50 years. Spatio‐temporally resolved commercial landings show that high densities occur in the North Sea only between April and September, suggesting a density‐dependent seasonal habitat expansion to suitable temperature and depth conditions. These changes have implications for the management of the stock which are discussed. Notably, if discards are banned as part of management revisions, the relatively low quota for hake in the North Sea will be a limiting factor (the so‐called ‘choke’ species) which may result in a premature closure of the entire demersal mixed fishery in the North Sea, jeopardizing many commercial fisheries in the region. This example of the unforeseen consequences of improved stewardship highlight the need for a more holistic, regional and responsive approach to managing our marine ecosystems. 相似文献