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用透射电镜和羟脯氨酸检测试剂盒,分别观察了产后1个月内小尾寒羊子宫胶原纤维的排列状况,以及血和尿中羟脯氨酸(HYPRO)含量的变化情况。结果表明:产后初期子宫组织内胶原微纤维排列不规则,到产后第25天时,胶原结构从形态上恢复到了正常状态;小尾寒羊产前40d血和尿中HYPRO的浓度高于产前7d,在产后1～7d其含量迅速升高并达最大值,从产后7～31d其含量缓慢降低;在产后31d的含量介于产前40d和产前7d对照组之间。小尾寒羊尿中HYPRO的浓度是血中浓度的近20倍。本实验结果证明,胶原蛋白的降解与子宫复旧密切相关。 相似文献
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通过子宫内膜活检采样器得到子宫腔内液,应用细菌分离培养鉴定技术,研究10只小尾寒羊产后不同时期子宫内细菌的种类和数量的变化规律。结果发现:在产后1~25 d,小尾寒羊子宫腔内存在4个属的细菌,这些细菌是以芽孢杆菌属、葡萄球菌属、微球菌属为主的革兰氏阳性菌和以大肠杆菌群为主的革兰氏阴性菌等。产后子宫细菌数量和种类随着子宫内环境的改变而有规律地变化:从无菌状态增加到最高点约7 d左右,而下降比较缓慢,到子宫颈管复旧完成(22 d)后,才接近于无菌状态。产后子宫内一定数量的细菌对子宫复旧无显著影响。 相似文献
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产后正常奶牛子宫内细菌的研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
研究不同产后时期正常奶牛子宫内细菌的数量变化、种类及细菌与子宫复旧的关系。实验发现 ,产后第 2 ,7,14,2 4d子宫内细菌平均数量为 (1.91±0 .44 )× 10 5,(3.93± 1.6 1)× 10 6,(3.40± 0 .94)× 10 3 ,(2 .49± 2 .92 )× 10 2 个/mg子宫样品 ,而产后 39d时子宫内细菌数量均小于 1× 10个 /mg子宫样品 ;共分离到细菌 5 7株 ,其中葡萄球菌 2 4株 (占 42 .1% )、大肠杆菌 11株 (占 19.3% )、链球菌 7株 (占 12 .3% )、芽孢杆菌 8株 (占 14% )及微球菌 7株 (占 12 .3% ) ;经直肠检查在产后 39d时所有受试牛均完成了子宫复旧。结果表明 :细菌从分娩前的无菌状态增加到最高点较迅速 ,约 7d左右 ,而下降比较缓慢 ,到复旧完成 (39d)时 ,才接近于无菌状态 ;产后奶牛子宫内的细菌有葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、链球菌、芽胞杆菌和微球菌 ;产后子宫内一定数量的细菌对子宫复旧无显著影响。 相似文献
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应用B型实时超声断层扫描仪 (B -超 ) ,对奶牛子宫复旧过程进行研究。对 38头中国荷斯坦奶牛 ,用B -超和连续检查法监测了子宫复旧过程。结果 ,经连续直肠检查法监测 ,受试牛子宫孕角、空角和子宫颈复旧的平均时间分别为 (37.4± 3.1)、(31.4± 4.9)和 (36 .8± 4.9)d;用B -超监测则为 (35 .5± 4.5 )、(30 .8± 5 .9)和 (37.5± 5 .0 )d。并且B -超监测还发现 ,分娩当天子宫肌层平均厚度为 1.6 5cm ,产后 2 3d时减少到 1.35cm ;产后第 5天在超声影像上可见子宫内膜 ,平均厚度为 0 .3cm ,第 15天为 0 .6cm ,而到产后 2 3d平均增厚到 1.0 2cm ,子宫复旧完成时 ,子宫壁平均厚度为1.0cm ;两子宫角的横切面轮廓清晰 ,大小基本相同 ,超声影像变白。研究表明B -超监测奶牛子宫复旧过程是可行的 相似文献
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为了探究母驴产后子宫复旧变化情况，试验选取9头产后母驴，从产驹当天到产后第33天，用B超测定子宫不同部位及卵泡的发育动力学变化。结果表明：产后母驴子宫复旧时间平均为(24.0±2.3) d(范围18～30 d),复旧过程中经直肠超声可检测到子宫收缩活动，直肠触诊可感觉到子宫直径变化。产驹后恶露约在12 d后排完。如发生子宫积脓，B超影像会显示子宫内容物有聚集性回声区域。产后卵泡排卵前子宫角内充盈液体，子宫明显水肿，子宫中也有更多区域显示暗色无回声区。排卵时子宫水肿明显消退，卵泡呈不规则状，变得柔软。在产后(13.5±1.2) d(范围12～15 d)第一次排卵，期间子宫复旧大约完成76%,而第二次排卵一般在产后(39.0±1.7) d(范围36～42 d)。第一次和第二次排卵之间的间隔为(23.6±0.4) d(范围23～27 d),第一卵泡周期和第二卵泡周期卵泡直径差异不显著(P>0.05)。 相似文献
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哈白猪复旧期子宫内微生物变化的研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本试验采用子宫内膜活检采样器采集子宫内容物样品 ,通过活菌计数、分离鉴定和药敏试验等对实验母猪产后子宫内细菌进行了研究 ,以探讨产后子宫内微生物的变化规律及对子宫复旧的影响。试验结果表明 ,在产后 0～ 1天之间 ,子宫内细菌数量呈直线增加 ,在产后第 7天时 ,子宫内细菌数量达到最多 ,此后其细菌数量逐渐下降 ;到产后第 2 5天时 ,子宫内细菌数量已降为 (7.35± 2 .5 4 )× 10 2个 / mg子宫样品。而细菌的种类在产后 1～ 7天之间较少 ,在产后第 7～ 13天间呈增长趋势 ,产后第 13天以后 ,细菌种类开始减少 ,直至接近于零。这说明产后子宫内环境经历了从污染到净化的过程 ,直至子宫复旧完毕 相似文献
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奶牛产后子宫复旧不全性子宫弛缓的病例多有发生，临床以并发症多见。１子宫复旧的相关变化１．１子宫复旧不全的概念产后子宫恢复过程中，由产后膨大的子宫恢复到未孕时的子宫大小的正常过程称复旧。由于产后受不同致病因素影响，不能如时正常复旧的为子宫弛缓。１．２子宫复旧的时间一般在胎儿排出后子宫的长度约达１m左右，粗３０～４０cm，牛此时仍处在生产力作用下，子宫不断阵缩，随之子宫的水肿逐渐消退，子宫内的胎膜、胎水及恶露逐渐排出，子宫体逐渐变小，达到正常期的大小。从剖检产后的牛观察到，于产后２４h死亡的牛子宫长约３… 相似文献
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Ayat Omer ELKHALIL Yuko MAEJIMA Masato AOYAMA Hideyuki TANAKA Shoei SUGITA 《Animal Science Journal》2005,76(4):313-323
Morphological changes to and collagen loss from the rat uterus during postpartum involution were investigated. The expression patterns of collagen type III and myeloperoxidase (MPO) were also determined. Morphological changes were studied on days 1, 3, 5, 10, 15, 20, 22 and 25 postpartum. As a control, diestrus rats’ uterine were used. Specimens from the uterine horn were embedded in paraffin, cut into 8 µm coronal sections, and stained with hematoxylin‐eosin. The thickness of the longitudinal and circular smooth muscle layers and of the endometrium were measured. The collagen content was determined using hydroxyproline analysis. Immunostaining was used to examine the expression of collagen type III on days 1, 3, 5, 10, 15 and 20 postpartum; and MPO on days 1, 3, 5, 10 and 22 postpartum. The thickness of the smooth muscle layers was found to decrease rapidly postpartum: the circular smooth muscle layer returned to that of a non‐pregnant, control uterus by day 5 postpartum and the longitudinal smooth muscle layer by day 15 postpartum. Eosinophilic cells were observed in the endometrial stroma adjacent to the myometrium on days 10, 15 and 20 postpartum, and were confirmed as collagenous cells. Immunostaining identified collagen type III positive cells in the vessel‐rich layer adjacent to the placental site on days 1, 3, 5 and 10 postpartum, and these cells were confirmed to be phagocytic. Postpartum reduction in the weight of the uterus was accompanied by decreases in both the collagen content and the thickness of the longitudinal and circular smooth muscle layers. Furthermore, the phagocytic cells were shown to express MPO during postpartum involution of the uterus. 相似文献
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Lisa M. Ferretti DVM Susan M. Newell DVM MS John P. Graham MVB MSc Gregory D. Roberts DVM MS 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2000,41(3):287-291
The radiographic and ultrasonographic appearance of the normal involution process of the feline postpartum uterus has not been previously described. Six queens were examined to determine the normal radiographic and ultrasonographic appearance of the involuting postpartum uterus. Radiographic and ultrasonographic examinations were performed daily from days one through ten, then on days 12, 14, 18, 24, and 28 postpartum. Radiographically the mean total uterine thickness was 16.5 mm at day one postpartum. By day 14 the mean total uterine thickness was 10.5 mm and by day 24 postpartum the uterus was not radiographically visible. Ultrasonographically at day one postpartum the mean total uterine thickness was 16.6 mm and the mean uterine wall thickness was 2.7 mm. At day 14 postpartum the mean total uterine thickness was 6.2 mm and the mean wall thickness was 2.1 mm. At day 28 postpartum the uterus could still be identified ultrasonographically however individual wall layers were not discernable. 相似文献
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In horses, limited data is found regarding the vascular events during uterine involution at the puerperal period. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the morphological aspects (size of uterus and intrauterine fluid content) and the hemodynamics (endometrial and mesometrial vascular perfusion) of the uterus during its postpartum involution process. Ten mares were daily scanned by transrectal color Doppler ultrasonography from the first day postpartum (d1) to the 16th day after first postpartum ovulation (D0 = ovulation). The formerly gravid horn (GH) and formerly nongravid horn (NH) were individually evaluated. A reduction (P < .05) in the uterine diameter was observed during the first 7 days postpartum, and the rate of uterine involution decreased after this period. The involution was completed on d21 and d24 for the NH and GH, respectively. Presence of intrauterine fluid was present in large amounts between d1 and d2 postpartum, followed by a decrease (P < .05) between d4 and d7. No fluid was observed after d16 postpartum or after the third day postovulation (D3). During the early postpartum period, an increase (P < .05) in the endometrial and mesometrial vascularization was detected, respectively, between d1 and d4, and between d1 and d2. The vascular perfusion did not differ after d4 for endometrial tissue, whereas was reduced (P < .05) between d2 and d10 for mesometrium. After the first postpartum ovulation, an increase (P < .05) in vascular perfusion was observed from D0 to D5, followed by a decrease (P < .05) between D5 and D11 and an increase (P < .05) between D11 and D14. The novel vascular perfusion profile here described in the endometrium and mesometrium after ovulation is similar to the uterine vascular profile observed during estrous cycles and early pregnancy, indicating a fast return of the mare's uterus to cycling postpartum conditions. 相似文献
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β-Defensins are small cationic molecules that have antimicrobial actions against bacteria, fungi and viruses and contribute to mucosal immune responses at epithelial sites. The female reproductive tract is an important site of defensin production. This study was conducted to determine the possible changes in proportions and localization of β-defensin 1-4 in the rat uterus at the 1st, 3th, 5th, 10th and 15th days of postpartum and at the period of diestrus using immunohistochemical techniques. In the present study, it was determined that β-defensin 1-4 were generally found in all structural components of the endometrium (luminal and glandular epithelium, stromal cells and blood vessels) in both the nucleus and the cytoplasm of cells during the involution period and diestrus. Suprisingly, immunoreaction of β-defensin 2 was also observed in the lateral membrane of the luminal and glandular epithelial cells on the 10th day of involution and immunostaining of β-defensin 4 was also localized in the apical membrane of the luminal and glandular epithelial cells. The current study demonstrated β-defensin 1-4 immunoreactivities in the endothelium of blood vessels were stronger throughout the involution period. Although β-defensins 2 and 3 were localized in both the nuclei and the cytoplasm of endothelial cells, β-defensins 1 and 4 were present in only cytoplasm. These results show that the most component of rat endometrium expresses human β-defensin 1-4 in a involution-dependent manner. Therefore it may be asserted that these molecules constitute a organised protection to prevent uterus from probable infections during the involution process. 相似文献
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The rate of uterine involution postpartum was monitored in 13 suckling mule ewes by using radio-opaque markers and radiography, and each ewe was also monitored for intrauterine bacterial contamination during the first week, using a sterile guarded swab. Peripheral plasma or serum concentrations of haptoglobin, seromucoid, ceruloplasmin and 15-keto-13,14-dihydro-prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGFM) were measured up to six weeks postpartum. The maximum reduction in the length of the uterine body and in the diameters of the horns occurred by 28 days postpartum, except in one ewe in which the size of the uterus continued to decrease for 42 days. Four ewes were positive for intrauterine bacterial contamination; Escherichia coli, clostridial species, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus uberis and Enterococcus species were isolated in pure or mixed culture. The presence of intrauterine bacteria did not affect the time for the completion of uterine involution. No bacteria were isolated from the ewe in which involution was delayed, but it had a different acute phase protein response and was therefore excluded from further analyses. In the remaining 12 ewes the mean postpartum haptoglobin response increased, with peak concentrations occurring on day 1, and decreased slowly as uterine involution progressed, but the four contaminated ewes had a significantly greater response. There was no difference between the prepartum and postpartum concentrations of seromucoid in the eight sterile ewes, but significant increases were observed in the contaminated group; the concentrations of ceruloplasmin did not vary in either group. The concentrations of PGFM were higher during the early postpartum period in the ewes with contaminated uteri. 相似文献
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Ababneh MM Degefa T 《Journal of veterinary medicine. A, Physiology, pathology, clinical medicine》2005,52(5):244-248
Twenty-six postpartum Balady goats (primiparous, n=13; pluriparous, n=13) were used in this study. One animal of each group was slaughtered on postpartum days 1, 2, 4, 7, 10, 13, 19 and 25; in addition, three control nulliparous goats were slaughtered, and the genital tracts collected. Progress of uterine involution was monitored by repeated ultrasonographic measurements in live animals (primiparous n=6; pluriparous n=6) and measurement of the outer circumference of the uterine horns of slaughtered animals (primiparous n=8; pluriparous n=8). A consistent and progressive decrease in ultrasonographic and outer circumference measurements was found, although faster during the first 7 days postpartum than between days 7 and 19 postpartum. Uterine involution, assessed by the upper limit of the measurements in the nulliparous goats, followed a quadratic pattern and was completed by day 19 postpartum. Ultrasonographically, two elliptical-circular echogenic areas separated by an anechoic line of the stratum vascularis were depicted. Regressing caruncles and fluid in uterine lumen were recognized during the first week postpartum. Further analysis revealed a highly positive correlation between the outer circumference and ultrasonographic measurements. In conclusion, uterine involution in Balady goats was completed by day 19 postpartum and was unrelated to parity. The close association between ultrasound findings and macroscopic involution indicated that ultrasonography can dependably be used to monitor uterine involution under field conditions and can be a suitable alternative to animal slaughter for the study of uterine involution. 相似文献
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Bacteriology, histology, and scanning electron microscopy were used to evaluate uterine involution in 27 mares treated with daily injections of 150 mg of progesterone and 10 mg of estradiol-17 beta, commencing within 18 hours of parturition. These findings were compared with those for 24 untreated mares at postpartum day 10 or 11. The treatment resulted in significantly (P less than 0.05) greater uterine gland proliferation. Gland density was significantly (P less than 0.05) greater in mares treated for 6 to 10 days than in those treated 2 to 5 days. The proportion of ciliated cells to secretory cells lining the endometrial surface was significantly (P less than 0.05) greater in mares during delayed foal estrus than in those at postpartum days 10 to 11. The proportion of ciliated to secretory cells increased with increasing duration of treatment. It was concluded that treatment with progesterone and estradiol-17 beta allowed additional time for uterine involution in the early postpartum period. 相似文献
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Contents: In this review, the role of eicosanoids in regulation of parturition and the postpartum period was described with special emphasis on the bovine species. The metabolism of arachidonic acid and the production of eicosanoids during the peripartum period was discussed. Prostaglandin E2 and F2α (PGE2 , PGF2α ) play an important role in mechanisms controlling parturition. They are involved in luteolysis, uterine contractions and dilation of the cervix. Eicosanoids also seem to influence the loosening processes of the fetal membranes. However, in the literature, conflicting results were found. Many investigations suggested that retained placental membranes could be related to low PGF2α production and/ or an imbalance of arachidonic acid metabolism in the uterus. The possible role of the lipoxygenase pathway metabolite 15-hydroxy-eicosatetraenoic acid (15-HETE) in expulsion of the fetal membranes was also discussed. As far as the postpartum period is concerned, a relationship between postpartum PGF2α release and the involution of the uterus was found. Cows with undisturbed uterine involution had higher PGF2α production than cows with delayed involution. In contrast to the positive effect of PGF2α on uterine involution, PGE2 seems to delay the involution processes. Further experiments are necessary in order to study the function of eicosanoids in mechanisms regulating parturition, release of the fetal placental membranes and involution of the uterus. 相似文献
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Three newly delivered dairy cows were given prostaglandin F2α during the immediate postpartum period. PGF2α was administered from day 3–13 post partum in doses of 25 mg twice daily. Endogenous release of PGF2α and progesterone was studied in blood plasma during the experimental period. Rectal examination of the uterus was performed every second day in order to establish the end of uterine involution. Uterine involution in the three cows was completed days 16, 23 and 20, respectively. These figures are to be compared with earlier investigations of uterine involution times, which show about 27 days. It was concluded that PGF2α had a positive effect on the uterine muscular tone.Key words: uterine involution, prostaglandin F2α, bovine 相似文献