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中国牧草育种工作研究进展 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
在综述中国牧草育种工作进展的同时,分析了牧草育种工作中存在的问题,主要包括育成的牧草品种少,良种推广和覆盖面积较小以及牧草育种理论基础薄弱等,并针对性地提出应从改进牧草育种的方法和途径、培育具有地方特色的独特牧草品种、加强种质资源的保护与利用、加快良种向现实生产力的转化以及通过各部门协作攻关等方面解决这些问题。 相似文献
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中国稻草还田技术研究进展 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3
随着中国农业的发展,大量稻草被焚烧或者弃置,这不仅浪费了养分资源还造成环境污染。本文综述了稻草还田的方式方法,稻草还田对土壤性状及水稻产量的影响以及稻草还田对水稻氮素吸收和氮肥利用率的影响,以期待稻草还田技术可以进一步推广应用。 相似文献
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兰花试管开花研究进展 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
对兰花试管开花方面的研究进行了综述,着重介绍了兰科植物试管开花的影响因素及其调控和分子机理等方面的研究情况,指出目前存在的若干问题并提出解决对策。 相似文献
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低温胁迫是限制植物生长发育和地理分布最主要的环境因子之一,影响植物细胞膜系统、抗氧化系统、光合作用、次生代谢等诸多方面,对农业生产和发展有严重影响。因此,揭示作物在冷胁迫下的生理及分子机制是十分必要的,这有助于培育耐寒作物品种,从而减少生产损失,扩大作物种植面积,具有重要的生产价值和经济效益。目前,基于RNA-seq技术进行植物低温胁迫分子机制深度解析在拟南芥、水稻、油菜、茶树、小麦、烟草、高粱等重要作物上得到了发展应用。本研究综述了近年来植物在低温胁迫或低温适应过程中的转录组学研究现状,以期为高通量测序技术在植物抗性研究方面提供方法借鉴和理论基础。 相似文献
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Sporophytes induction from spore-derived gametophytes and the morphogenic potential of homogenised sporophytes were performed
in several ferns: Adiantum capillus-veneris, Asplenium adiantum-nigrum, Ceterach officinarum, Davallia canariensis, Dicksonia antarctica, Dryopteris dilatata, Dryopteris filix-mas, and Polypodium cambricum. The influence of growth rate, the formation of sexual organs, and the homogenisation of the gametophyte on sporophyte formation
were studied. Gametophytic growth and sporophyte development were not antagonistic events and no correlation was found between
the proportion of sexual phenotypes and rate of sporophyte formation. A pre-treatment of the rhizome with BAP exhibited swelling
and upon transferral to Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium developed numerous fronds. Homogenised sporophytes of A. capillus-veneris, D. canariensis, and P. cambricum cultured on MS basal medium regenerated sporophytes while on MS with 4.4 μM BAP favoured formation of aposporous gametophytes
and/or dedifferentiated cellular aggregates. In A. adiantum-nigrum, BAP induced either aposporous gametophytes or sporophytes. 相似文献
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In Japan, few grape cultivars related to Vitis vinifera existed 200 years ago, on account of Japan’s high rainfall. Many V. labruscana and vinifera cultivars were introduced to Japan in the 19th century. Labruscana was grown instead of vinifera, mainly because of severe disease problems and a high incidence of berry cracking. Grape breeding for table use started in the 20th century, with the goal of combining the berry quality of vinifera with the ease of cultivation of labruscana. By 1945, three strategies were used: 1) crossing among introduced diploid vinifera and vinifera-related cultivars of Japanese origin, 2) interspecific crossing in tetraploid cultivars, and 3) interspecific crossing in diploid cultivars, resulting in ‘Neo Muscat’, ‘Kyoho’, and ‘Muscat Bailey A’. Later, tetraploid interspecific crossing over generations developed many ‘Kyoho’-related cultivars, including ‘Pione’, many of which have large berries, intermediate flesh texture between the two species, a labruscan or neutral flavor, and moderate disease resistance. Interspecific diploid crossing over generations developed ‘Shine Muscat’ in 2006, with large berries, crispy flesh, a muscat flavor, no cracking, seedless fruit by gibberellin application, and moderate resistance to downy mildew and ripe rot. 相似文献
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According to the practice of urban planning in mountainous regions, based on the experience in decision on small town's development, traffic planning and downtown designing etc, some proposals on general program and concrete rules in town planning were given, hightlighting the distinctive characteristics of town planning in mountainous regions, different from those of city planning. 相似文献
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葫芦科植物单倍体离体诱导研究进展 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
重点对葫芦科植物离体诱导单倍体的研究进行综述,包括花药培养、离体雌核培养、辐射花粉诱导单倍体培养等在育种中的应用,以及供体基因型、培养基、预处理方式、胚囊发育时期等因素对离体诱导再生频率的影响。关于离体培养发育机制的生理生化研究主要集中在离体雌核发育的形态及细胞学过程以及培养早期生理、生化的变化研究。同时总结了葫芦科植物DH育种研究进展,指出葫芦科植物离体诱导单倍体研究中存在的问题并提出思路和建议 相似文献
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宁夏不同基因型春小麦磷营养的差异 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
在不同施磷土壤条件下,研究了宁夏春小麦100个基因型的磷营养性状的差异。结果表明,在低磷条件下,小麦籽粒产量和生物学产量在基因型间存在极显著差异（P＜0.01),而在高磷条件下存在显著差异（P＜0.05)。不论施磷与否,茎叶和籽粒中含磷量以及磷吸收累积量、磷利用效率、磷肥利用率和施磷增产率等在基因型间均存在极显著 相似文献
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Toshihiro Saito 《Breeding Science》2016,66(1):46-59
The Japanese pear (Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai) is one of the most widely grown fruit trees in Japan, and it has been used throughout Japan’s history. The commercial production of pears increased rapidly with the successive discoveries of the chance seedling cultivars ‘Chojuro’ and ‘Nijisseiki’ around 1890, and the development of new cultivars has continued since 1915. The late-maturing, leading cultivars ‘Niitaka’ and ‘Shinko’ were released during the initial breeding stage. Furthermore, systematic breeding by the Horticultural Research Station (currently, NARO Institute of Fruit Tree Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NIFTS)) began in 1935, which mainly aimed to improve fruit quality by focusing on flesh texture and black spot disease resistance. To date, 22 cultivars have been released, including ‘Kosui’, ‘Hosui’, and ‘Akizuki’, which are current leading cultivars from the breeding program. Four induced mutant cultivars induced by gamma irradiation, which exhibit some resistance to black spot disease, were released from the Institute of Radiation Breeding. Among these cultivars, ‘Gold Nijisseiki’ has become a leading cultivar. Moreover, ‘Nansui’ from the Nagano prefectural institute breeding program was released, and it has also become a leading cultivar. Current breeding objectives at NIFTS mainly combine superior fruit quality with traits related to labor and cost reduction, multiple disease resistance, or self-compatibility. Regarding future breeding, marker-assisted selection for each trait, QTL analyses, genome-wide association studies, and genomic selection analyses are currently in progress. 相似文献
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B. Pazy 《Plant Breeding》1987,99(4):327-329
Four rare flower-colour mutants were detected in natural populations of Lupinus pilosus in Israel. The breeding systems and genetic bases of three oif them were examined. Mutants were tagged in wild populations and seed obtained upon open pollination was collected and grown in a, net house which was insect-proof. Mutant progenies were used in crosses with each other and with wild-type plants. Our results indicate the possibility that all three mutants are simple Mendelian recessives to the wild-type deep-violet colour and that in L. pilosus this colour is not monogenic but determined by at least two loci. All these mutants show a high degree of selling when open-pollinated in nature. 相似文献
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Twenty two Uromyces appendiculatus isolates were tested on 20 differential and 25 Ecuadorian Phaseolus vulgaris cultivars in the seedling stage. Based on the infection types 20 races could be discerned. The Ecuadorian cultivars differed
greatly in their reaction to the isolates, from resistant to only one isolate (`Red Small Garden') to resistant to all isolates
(’G2333‘). The isolates showed a wide range of virulence to the Ecuadorian cultivars, from virulent to only two cultivars
(isolate 13) to virulent to 21 cultivars (isolates 5 and 23).
Seven cultivars with a basically susceptible infection type appeared to differ greatly in quantitative resistance when tested
in three consecutive crop cycles. The disease severities in percentage leaf area affected averaged over the three cycles ranged
between 83.9% for ‘Red Small Garden’ and 13.1% for ‘INIAP-414’.
Race-specific resistance does not seem an advisable breeding strategy, but the quantitative resistance offers a good alternative. 相似文献
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Grain Protein Quality in Response to Changes in Pre-anthesis Duration in Wheats Released in 1940, 1964 and 1994 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
M. L. Acuña R. Savin J. A. Curá G. A. Slafer 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2005,191(3):226-232
Grain protein content is one of the most important attributes in bread making quality. Several studies have reported that the type of, and the balances between, storage protein (i.e. gliadins and glutenins) are also relevant. Generally, the modern cultivars present less grain protein content than their predecessors, suggesting that breeding may have reduced baking quality while improving yield. Furthermore, there is little information on whether, and eventually how, breeding influences the types of protein synthesized in the grains, and the sensitivity of the type of protein and baking quality to changes in the environment. This study aimed to determine the stability in baking quality in wheat cultivars released at different eras to variation in the duration of the pre-anthesis period without changes in the sowing date. The experiment studied the combination of three cultivars released in 1940, 1964 and 1994 at two different durations from sowing to anthesis (because of exposure to different photoperiods during stem elongation in the field). Modern cultivars showed lower grain protein content than the oldest ones (11 vs. 14 %). There were no correlation between grain protein content and baking quality (assessed by Zeleny test), indicating that protein type is more important than grain protein content. Gliadins were more variable than glutenins because of differences between cultivars and flowering dates. Wheat breeding also seemed to have improved the stability of quality variables in response to environmental variation during the pre-anthesis period (when yield potential is being determined). 相似文献
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2010年我国大蒜价格与出口情况及2011年形势展望 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
回顾了2010年我国大蒜的销售与出口情况,分析了2010年影响大蒜价格走高的因素及2011年大蒜的行情走势,阐述了应对大蒜产业发展挑战的措施与途径. 相似文献
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植物细胞质雄性不育研究进展 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
植物细胞质雄性不育在生产运用及理论研究上价值巨大。首先简述了植物雄性不育系的概念、形态、细胞学表现及雄性不育类型,继而从细胞学研究（败育时期和方式、绒毡层发育及超微结构变化等方面）、生理生化研究（能量代谢、物质代谢及植物激素等方面）和分子生物学研究（线粒体DNA、RNA编辑及叶绿体DNA等方面）3个不同层次重点综述了植物细胞质雄性不育形成机理的研究进展。既能为相关理论研究奠定基础,更便于运用其研究成果指导农业生产服务。提出现有研究成果若融合大规模高通量数据分析,植物细胞质雄性不育研究将得到进一步完善。 相似文献