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水稻根表铁氧化物胶膜对水稻吸收磷的影响 总被引:19,自引:2,他引:19
本文采用营养液培养方法研究了根表铁氧化物胶膜对水稻吸收磷的影响。结果表明,水稻报表的铁氧化物胶膜随营养液中Fe2+浓度的增加而增加。铁氧化物胶膜可富集生长介质中的磷,根表铁膜数量越多,富集的磷量也越多。根表铁股可促进水稻对磷的吸收,但这种促进作用的大小依赖于根表铁膜数量。根表铁膜数量为24570mp/kg时,促进作用达到最大,此后随着铁膜数量的增加,水稻吸收磷的数量下降,但仍高于根表没有铁膜的水稻。因此,水稻根表形成的铁氧化物胶膜在一定程度上是一个磷富集库,对水稻吸收磷起促进作用。在此过程中,缺铁条件下水稻根分泌物中的植物铁载体对淀积铁氧化物胶膜的水稻根系吸收磷没有明显的作用。 相似文献
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模拟酸雨对芒果生长及土壤的影响 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
模拟酸雨田间试验结果表明,pH2.5酸雨处理有明显抑制供试桂香芒秋梢的生长,降低叶绿素含量,加速叶片中的钙、镁、铁、锰、铜、铝等元素淋洗的趋势,同时也能促使供试土壤中钙、镁盐基离子的流失,从而导致土壤pH值下降,促使锰、锌、铜等重金属微量元素及铝的活化,既阻碍了根系对锌、铁、锰3元素的吸收,又影响根对钙、镁、铜、铝4元素向地上部输送。 相似文献
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根系氧化力不同的水稻品种磷锌营养状况的研究 总被引:14,自引:0,他引:14
采用琼脂培养和土壤培养试验研究了根系氧化能力不同的水稻品种磷、锌的营养状况。 结果表明, 在选用的 5 个水稻品种中, 根系氧化力较高的品种 LR-2、TZ88-145 和 YY-1, 其根表铁膜数量明显高于根系氧化力较弱的品 种KZ89-113 和KZ89-112。 根系氧化能力高, 根表形成的铁膜数量多, 富集的磷、锌数量也多, 反之则少。 这就构成 了“ 根系氧化力不同的水稻品种—根表形成的铁氧化物胶膜数量不同—富集在铁膜上的磷、锌数量不同—水稻的 磷、锌营养状况不同” 的连锁关系。 相似文献
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磷饥饿诱导水稻根表铁膜形成机理初探 总被引:11,自引:1,他引:10
采用溶液培养的方法,初步探索了磷饥饿诱导水稻根表铁膜形成的机理。磷饥饿24h后水稻的根表出现了明显的红棕色物质的沉积,扫描电镜的能谱分析结果显示,红棕色物质是铁的氧化物。针对这一现象,首先研究了没有水稻生长的正常磷营养液和缺磷营养液的变化,结果表明二者之间全波长的扫描图谱没有出现差异。采用酸碱混合指示剂的琼脂染色方法,观察了水稻根系表面及根际pH值的变化情况,并分别测定了正常磷营养(P)和缺磷(P0)2种条件下水稻的根系活力。结果看出,缺磷时水稻根系活力高于磷营养正常的处理,尤其是基因型Jin23A,其P和P0处理间根系活力差异极显著。水稻根表三价铁的浓度高于二价铁,并且缺磷根系表面三价铁和二价铁浓度均明显高于供磷处理;缺磷处理水稻根质外体沉积的铁浓度也明显高于供磷处理。因此,初步确定磷饥饿诱导水稻根表铁膜形成是生物学基础上的化学反应过程。 相似文献
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采用盆栽试验,通过玉米-小麦和大豆-小麦轮作,探讨了不同种植模式中,土壤残留硒锌对小麦产量与营养品质的影响。结果表明,土壤中残留硒锌对小麦生物量和产量的影响与作物轮作体系有关。玉米-小麦轮作,土壤残留硒锌并没有表现出增加小麦产量的趋势,而大豆-小麦轮作,土壤残留硒锌对小麦生物量和产量呈增加趋势。土壤残留硒锌可改变作物体内元素组成。玉米-小麦轮作,土壤残留硒锌有利于小麦籽粒对氮、钾、硫、钙、铁、锌、硒、铜元素的吸收累积。大豆-小麦轮作,土壤残留硒锌促进小麦对钾、硫、镁、铁、锌、硒、铜、锰、硼的吸收,而氮、磷、钙吸收减少。 相似文献
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硼对大豆结瘤和固氮作用的影响——Ⅰ.对生长、营养元素吸收与分布和固氮量影响 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
在短期无氮营养液栽培(28天)条件下,研究缺硼和正常供硼处理对Bragg大豆品种及不结瘤突变体nod49和超结瘤突变体nts382生长、矿质元素吸收与分布及固氮量的影响。试验结果表明:1.在正常供硼的条件下,不结瘤突变体nod的植株生长量,株高、主根生长均高于超结瘤突变体及其亲本。缺硼处理时三种基因型大豆的生长均受到明显的抑制作用。无论是正常供硼还是缺硼处理,超结瘤突变体nts382根系的生长量均明显小于其它基因型。2.正常供硼处理时三种基因型大豆地上部、根及nts382的根瘤中硼的浓度和积累量均高于缺硼处理。缺硼处理,超结瘤突变体及其亲本地上部和根中大部分矿质元素浓度高于正常供硼处理,但积累总量低于正常供硼处理或变化不大。施硼处理的nts382和Bragg,根和根瘤中钙的浓度和积累量明显降低,而地上部变化不大,同时在nts382根瘤中,锌、锰、铁、铜浓度和含量也下降,而钼含量增加。3.施硼处理和Bragg和nts382地上部、根及根瘤中氮的浓度和含量均显著高于缺硼处理,其中超结瘤突变体中氮浓度和总量最高。在缺硼条件下,Bragg和超结瘤突变体能够结瘤,但是Bragg大豆根瘤的固氮作用完全受到抑制,而nts382根瘤还能保持较强的固氮能力。 相似文献
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在短期无氮营养液栽培(28天)条件下,研究缺硼和正常供硼处理对Bragg大豆品种及不结瘤突变体nod49和超结瘤突变体nts382生长、矿质元素吸收与分布及固氮量的影响。试验结果表明:1.在正常供硼的条件下,不结瘤突变体nod的植株生长量,株高、主根生长均高于超结瘤突变体及其亲本。缺硼处理时三种基因型大豆的生长均受到明显的抑制作用。无论是正常供硼还是缺硼处理,超结瘤突变体nts382根系的生长量均明显小于其它基因型。2.正常供硼处理时三种基因型大豆地上部、根及nts382的根瘤中硼的浓度和积累量均高于缺硼处理。缺硼处理,超结瘤突变体及其亲本地上部和根中大部分矿质元素浓度高于正常供硼处理,但积累总量低于正常供硼处理或变化不大。施硼处理的nts382和Bragg,根和根瘤中钙的浓度和积累量明显降低,而地上部变化不大,同时在nts382根瘤中,锌、锰、铁、铜浓度和含量也下降,而钼含量增加。3.施硼处理和Bragg和nts382地上部、根及根瘤中氮的浓度和含量均显著高于缺硼处理,其中超结瘤突变体中氮浓度和总量最高。在缺硼条件下,Bragg和超结瘤突变体能够结瘤,但是Bragg大豆根瘤的固氮作用完全受到抑制,而nts382根瘤还能保持较强的固氮能力。 相似文献
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铁和不同形态氮素对玉米植株吸收矿质元素及其在体内分布的影响 Ⅱ.对铁、锰、铜、锌等营养元素的影响 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
用营养液培养方法研究了铁和两种形态氮素对玉米植株吸收铁、锰、铜、锌等微量元素及其在体内分布的影响。结果表明:与硝态氮(NO3--N)相比,铵态氮(NH4+-N)显著提高了玉米对铁的吸收,降低了对锰、铜及锌的吸收。供铁也明显提高了植株地上部铁的吸收总量,降低了锰及锌的吸收量,尤其是在供应No3--N时这种作用更为明显。在缺铁条件下,NH4+-N处理的玉米新叶中铁的含量明显高于NO3--N处理;而新叶、老叶、茎中锰、锌、铜含量以及根中锰、锌含量都明显低于NO3--N处理。但使用NH4+-N时,根中铜的含量较高。在供铁条件下,NH4+-N处理的玉米植株四个不同器官中锰和锌的含量显著低于NO3--N处理的植株,而铜的含量正好相反。在缺铁条件下,玉米新叶中活性锰、活性锌的含量显著高于供铁处理;与NO3--N相比,NH4+-N的供应也显著降低了玉米新叶中活性锰以及活性锌的含量。 相似文献
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硒(Ⅳ)预处理下根表铁膜对水稻幼苗吸收和转运汞的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用水培试验的方法研究硒(Se,Ⅳ)预处理下,根表铁膜对水稻幼苗吸收和转运汞(Hg)的影响。将水稻幼苗置于Se0和Se0.5(mg L-1)培养液中培养2周,再用4种不同浓度的Fe2+溶液(0、25、50和100 mg L-1即Fe0、Fe25、Fe50、Fe100)诱导水稻根表形成不同数量的铁膜,随后置于0.3 mg L-1的Hg Cl2培养液中继续培养72 h。结果表明,根表铁膜对水稻幼苗生长无显著影响,但硒可以增加其生物量。碳酸氢钠―柠檬酸三钠―连二亚硫酸钠(DCB)提取液(即根表铁膜)中含铁比例(57.3%~96.2%)显著高于水稻幼苗地上部(1.1%~17.5%)和根部(2.7%~25.9%),水稻幼苗的大部分铁被积累至DCB提取液中。随着根表铁膜数量的增加,根和地上部汞含量均显著降低。在Fe50和Fe100处理中,硒的加入显著减少了地上部和根部的汞含量,也显著降低了汞的分配系数,Se(Ⅳ)预处理能明显提高铁膜固持汞的量。综上所述,Se(Ⅳ)预处理和根表铁膜均能阻碍水稻幼苗对汞的吸收和向地上部的转运,减轻水稻汞胁迫,从而起到保护水稻避免汞毒害的作用。本研究对于提高汞污染区稻米质量和保证粮食安全具有一定的现实意义。 相似文献
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镉处理根表铁膜对水稻吸收镉锰铜锌的影响 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
本试验利用营养液和土壤培养系统,研究不同Fe、 Cd处理下根表铁膜对水稻吸收Cd、 Mn、 Cu、 Zn的影响。土壤中Fe的水平为0、 1、 2 g/kg Fe(以FeSO47H2O的形式供应),Cd 的水平为0、 2、 10 mg/kg Cd(以3CdSO48H2O的形式供应)。营养液中Fe和Cd的水平分别为0、 10、 30、 50、 80、 100 mg/L Fe 和 0、 0.1、 1.0 mg/L Cd。收获后测定水稻根表、 根中和地上部Cd、 Fe、 Mn、 Cu、 Zn 含量。试验结果表明,两种培养方式下,随着介质中Fe浓度的增加,水稻根表铁膜(DCB-Fe)逐渐增多。土壤培养方式下,根表铁膜中Cd 和 Mn 含量随铁膜量增加而略有增加,所有元素含量均表现为根中大于铁膜中。营养液培养条件下,根表铁膜中Mn和Cu含量在高量 Fe 供应时有所增加, Mn、 Cu、 Zn表现为铁膜中大于根中。根表铁膜中Zn含量在两种培养方式下均未呈现一定规律性变化。根中和地上部 Cd、 Mn、 Cu、 Zn 含量一般都随介质中Fe浓度的增加而下降,Cu和Zn含量在加Cd处理中下降。以上结果证明,铁膜对Cd 的吸附阻挡能力有限,对Mn、 Cu、 Zn 的吸附作用因培养方式和元素种类不同而有所差异,植株体内微量元素含量的下降主要与它们之间的相互抑制作用有关。 相似文献
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This work evaluated the effect of cadmium (Cd) on the physiological responses of corn (Zea Mays L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to iron (Fe) deficiency. For this purpose, seedlings of corn and wheat were cultivated under controlled conditions, plants were grown in different strength Hoagland's solutions for one month. In the fifth week, some seedlings were still in full strength Hoagland's solution (+Fe) and others were in full strength Hoagland's solutions without iron (?Fe). The plants were exposed to different cadmium (Cd) concentrations for four days. The plant chlorophyll content of young leaves, Fe and Cd content in shoots and roots, biomass production, and phytosiderophores (PS) release by roots were assessed. Results showed that Cd decreased the chlorophyll content of young leaves, accompanied by a significant shoot and root biomass reduction for Fe-deficient and Fe-sufficient wheat and corn across all Cd treatments. However, chlorophyll content and shoot and root biomass of Fe-deficient wheat and corn were lower than Fe-sufficient plants at different Cd concentrations. Iron-deficiency induced Cd accumulation compared to Fe-sufficient in wheat and corn; however, a depressive effect of Cd on iron acquisition in shoots and roots of Fe-deficient and Fe-sufficient wheat and corn across all Cd treatments was observed. Cadmium also inhibited PS release in Fe-deficient and Fe-sufficient wheat and corn. Iron-deficient PS release was higher than Fe-sufficient corn and wheat across all Cd treatments. These results suggested that Cd might reduce capacity of plants to acquire iron from solution by inhibiting PS release. 相似文献
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Silicon (Si) can enhance the resistance of plants to many abiotic stresses. To explore whether Si ameliorates Fe2+ toxicity, a hydroponic experiment was performed to investigate whether and how Si detoxifies Fe2+ toxicity in rice (Oryza sativa L.) roots. Results indicated that rice cultivar Tianyou 998 (TY998) showed greater sensitivity to Fe2+ toxicity than rice cultivar Peizataifeng (PZTF). Treatment with 0.1 mmol L-1 Fe2+ inhibited TY998 root elongation and root biomass significantly. Reddish iron plaque was formed on root surface of both cultivars. TY998 had a higher amount of iron plaque than PZTF. Addition of Si to the solution of Fe treatment decreased the amount of iron plaque on root surface by 17.6% to 37.1% and iron uptake in rice roots by 37.0% to 40.3%, and subsequently restored root elongation triggered by Fe2+ toxicity by 13.5% in the TY998. Compared with Fe treatment, the addition of 1 mmol L-1 Si to the solution of Fe treatment increased xylem sap flow by 19.3% to 24.8% and root-shoot Fe transportation by 45.0% to 78.6%. Furthermore, Si addition to the solution of Fe treatment induced root cell wall to thicken. These results suggested that Si could detoxify Fe2+ toxicity and Si-mediated amelioration of Fe2+ toxicity in rice roots was associated with less iron plaque on root surface and more Fe transportation from roots to shoots. 相似文献
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《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(19):2509-2522
Arsenic (As) uptake by rice plants and its toxicity to human beings have caused worldwide concerns. Investigating the characteristics of As accumulation in rice in relation to root surface iron plaque during the whole growth of rice would provide important information for devising measures to mitigate rice As uptake in As-polluted areas. Uptake and accumulation characteristics of As in rice at different growth stages as well as iron plaque on rice root surfaces were investigated in a pot culture experiment in a greenhouse. The results showed that As concentrations in roots, stems, and leaves increased with rice growth, while As concentration in spikelets decreased with grain development: 53.63% of As content in leaves, 61.51% in spikelets, and 82.09% in stems were found at both the jointing and booting stages, which suggested that the two stages were the key stages of As uptake. Root surface iron plaque at different growth stages was extracted by DCB (dithionite-citrate-bicarbonate). DCB-extractable iron (Fe) and DCB-extractable As were significantly increased with rice growth (P < 0.001), and there was a significant positive correlation between DCB-extractable Fe and As (P < 0.001), indicating that iron plaque was very important to sequester As on rice root surfaces. 相似文献
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Plant nutrient deficiencies are the main yield‐limiting factors in highly weathered acid soils around the world. Five greenhouse experiments were conducted on an Oxisol to identify nutrient deficiencies in common bean, upland rice, corn, wheat, and soybean. The treatments consisted of 13 fertility levels including an adequate level and remaining without application of one of the essential plant macro‐ or micronutrients. Dry matter yield of tops of all the crop species was affected by fertility treatments; however, significant effects of treatments were obtained in the case of common bean, upland rice, and corn. Based on tops dry weight under different treatments compared to adequate fertility level (AFL), the most yield‐limiting nutrients were in the order of phosphorus (P) > calcium (Ca) > magnesium (Mg) > boron (B) > zinc (Zn) for common bean, P > molybdenum (Mo) for upland rice, and P for corn. For the wheat crop, there was substantial decrease in tops dry weight in the absence of Ca, P, and potassium (K) nutrients. In the case of soybean, substantial tops dry weight reduction was due to deficiency in the order of P >Ca>Zn. 相似文献
18.
沙培条件下磷、 钾、 钙亏缺对枳(Poncirus trifoliata)幼苗根系形态及营养吸收的影响 总被引:6,自引:2,他引:4
【目的】根系是吸收水分和养分的主要器官,对于多年生木本果树的生长发育尤为重要。由于果树根系庞大、 分布错综复杂,对根系构型和空间分布等的研究相对较少。本文利用计算机扫描系统及其图像分析软件观测根系二维形态参数,并用原子吸收法测定植株养分含量,以探索养分亏缺对枳根系形态的影响,以及根系形态变化与植株养分吸收的关系。【方法】本试验在沙培条件下,以柑橘砧木枳(Poncirus trifoliata)实生苗为试材,研究了缺磷、 钾和钙对其根系形态以及植株体内营养元素含量的影响。利用爱普生数码扫描仪(Expression 10000XL 1.0, Epson Inc. Japan)扫描根系,并用WinRhizo Pro (S) v. 2004b软件(Regent Instruments Inc., Canada)分析获取根系总长、 总体积和总表面积等二维形态参数。利用原子吸收光谱仪(SPECTR AA220)测定样品K、 Ca、 Mg、 Fe、 Cu、 Zn等元素含量。【结果】从扫描数据可知,3 种缺素处理对枳幼苗根系形态结构有较大的影响,即在缺素时根系总长、 表面积和体积均显著降低,缺P处理使枳实生苗粗根的根系长度、 表面积、 体积显著降低,但是增加了中等粗根的表面积和体积; 缺K和缺Ca处理的中等粗根根系长度、 表面积和体积均显著低于对照; 3种缺素处理均显著降低了细根和粗根的根系长度、 表面积和体积。不同缺素处理对植株根系和地上部生长的影响也存在差异,缺P对地上部的抑制作用显著强于根系,缺K处理对根系生长的抑制作用较强,缺Ca对根系和地上部生长的抑制作用均较小。缺Ca处理植株体内Zn和Fe浓度均显著增加但Ca浓度降低,缺P时植株体内Ca和地上部Zn浓度增加,而缺K时植株体内Ca、 Zn浓度增加但Fe和K浓度均显著降低。【结论】不同缺素条件下枳实生苗根系形态各异,导致根系对不同养分的吸收能力不同,从而使植株体内K、 Ca、 Zn、 Fe等养分含量发生改变,最终影响整个植株根系和地上部的生长,表现出各缺素环境所特有的树体特征。 相似文献