共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 234 毫秒
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硅酸盐提高番茄抗盐性的效应与生理机制 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
研究了盐胁迫下外源硅对盐敏感番茄(Solanum lycopersicum)中杂9号和耐盐番茄金鹏朝冠幼苗生长、根系特征、光合作用、渗透调节及抗氧化酶活性的影响,以探讨硅提高番茄抗盐性的生理机制。结果表明,在150 mmol·L-1Na Cl胁迫下,两个番茄品种的生物量、净光合速率、抗氧化酶(超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶和过氧化物酶)活性、可溶性蛋白含量及渗透势均显著降低,而H2O2和丙二醛含量显著升高;外源硅可显著改善盐胁迫下番茄的生长、提高光合和蒸腾作用及抗氧化酶活性、促进根系生长、降低膜脂过氧化;不同浓度硅对盐胁迫的缓解效果不同,两个品种均在硅酸盐浓度为2.0 mmol·L-1左右时缓解效果最好。硅可通过促进番茄根系的生长和水分吸收、提高叶片的光合作用及降低植株的氧化损伤来提高其抗盐性,而渗透调节与降低蒸腾失水不是本试验条件下硅诱导番茄抗盐的机理。 相似文献
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【目的】探讨等渗盐胁迫下油菜素内酯(BR)对番茄生长及渗透调节特性的影响,为施用外源BR应对设施土壤盐渍化问题和设施番茄抗逆栽培提供理论依据。【方法】以番茄为试材,以日本山崎番茄配方营养液(对照)添加100 mmol/L Ca(NO_3)_2和150 mmol/L NaCl模拟等渗盐胁迫环境,通过水培法研究等渗盐胁迫下BR(0.1μmol/L)对番茄幼苗干鲜质量、叶片相对含水量、根系活力及渗透调节特性(组织汁液渗透势以及可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖、游离氨基酸和脯氨酸含量)的影响。【结果】与对照相比,等渗Ca(NO_3)_2和NaCl胁迫下番茄植株生长均受到显著抑制,叶片相对含水量均显著降低,NaCl胁迫显著降低番茄根系活力,且NaCl胁迫对植株生长的抑制效应更为明显;同时,等渗盐胁迫下,随处理时间延长叶片渗透势呈先降低后升高的"V"形变化,而可溶性糖含量则呈先升高后降低的倒"V"形变化,可溶性蛋白含量随处理时间延长在NaCl胁迫下含量积累、在Ca(NO_3)_2胁迫下含量有所降低,游离氨基酸和脯氨酸含量随时间延长呈不同程度的增加趋势。等渗盐胁迫下,外源BR显著提高了盐胁迫植株的干鲜质量、叶片相对含水量,且处理第3天时,与对照相比,等渗盐胁迫下施用外源BR番茄叶片渗透调节物质含量均显著升高;处理第5天时,Na+BR处理渗透调节物质含量显著升高,Ca+BR处理脯氨酸和游离氨基酸含量显著降低。【结论】等渗盐胁迫下外源BR可有效增强番茄幼苗渗透调节能力,改善叶片水分状态,促进植株生长,且对NaCl胁迫的整体缓解效应更显著,等渗盐胁迫条件下外源BR诱导渗透调节物质积累应答Ca(NO_3)_2、NaCl胁迫的具体模式存在差异。 相似文献
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【目的】探究NaCl胁迫与根系分泌物成分的关系。【方法】以耐盐和盐敏感两个黄瓜品种为研究对象,NaCl浓度分别为0、100、200和300 mmol•L-1,研究两个黄瓜品种在不同生育期根系分泌物中可溶性糖、氨基酸种类与含量以及其它化合物种类的变化。【结果】定植后50 d,除300 mmol NaCl•L-1处理外,耐盐品种根系分泌物中的可溶性糖含量高于盐敏感品种。从黄瓜根系分泌物中共检测出16种游离氨基酸,定植前耐盐品种的氨基酸种类和含量均高于盐敏感品种;定植后30 d,盐敏感品种在NaCl胁迫下和耐盐品种在100、200 mmol NaCl•L-1 浓度下氨基酸总含量低于非NaCl胁迫;各处理氨基酸的种类和总含量在定植后50 d高于定植后30 d,在200、300 mmol NaCl•L-1处理下,盐敏感品种氨基酸总含量高于耐盐品种,其它处理为盐敏感品种的氨基酸总含量低于耐盐品种;定植后70 d,氨基酸总含量高于其它两个时期,除300 mmol NaCl•L-1处理,盐敏感品种氨基酸总含量高于耐盐品种。盐敏感品种同一处理的根系分泌物中苏氨酸、丝氨酸、甘氨酸的含量低于耐盐品种,而半胱氨酸的含量高于耐盐品种。GC-MS检测发现,黄瓜根系分泌物中可能存在65种化合物,化合物种类在定植后30 d有高于其它两个时期的趋势,而总含量在定植后50 d有高于其它两个时期的趋势。300 mmol NaCl•L-1处理的盐敏感品种根系分泌物中的化合物总含量在3个取样时期均高于耐盐品种。【结论】根系分泌物中可溶性糖含量的高低受盐胁迫程度以及黄瓜生长时期的影响,盐敏感品种的可溶性糖含量相对较高。盐胁迫可以增加根系分泌物中氨基酸的种类和含量。随着盐胁迫浓度的增加和黄瓜生长时间的延长,各处理GC-MS检出的化合物种类和总含量呈减少的趋势。 相似文献
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为提高紫花苜蓿的耐盐能力,分别采用盆栽试验和田间试验,利用Delta-t scan根系分析软件对不同盐处理下紫花苜蓿根总面积、根总长度、平均直径和根尖数进行分析。结果表明:在田间试验条件下,在低度盐浓度胁迫下,无论不同土壤深度还是全株根系分析过程中,只有平均直径略有所下降,其它各根系形态指标均呈上升趋势。中度盐胁迫下,根系的平均直径和根总长度显著低于轻度盐处理,但还高于对照。重度盐胁迫下,各根系指标均低于对照。但在盆栽试验下,随着盐胁迫的加重,各根系指标均呈下降趋势。另外在轻度盐胁迫下发现叶片通过降低Tr和提高WUE的方式减少水分的损失,提高植物的耐盐性,但随着盐胁迫的加重,WUE逐渐下降。总之盐胁迫下紫花苜蓿根面积、根长度、根尖数、根平均半径等形态上的变化虽然趋势不一,但彼此相互协调一方面维系了根系的吸水功能进而提高对盐胁迫的一种适应性反应。 相似文献
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[目的]研究幼苗期低盐锻炼对小麦抗氧化特性的影响。[方法]在不同盐胁迫梯度下,研究了经过耐盐锻炼的小麦幼苗体内的抗氧化特性。[结果]随着胁迫时间的增加,小麦体内超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)的活性显著下降,但经锻炼处理小麦体内POD、SOD活性明显高于对照;丙二醛(MDA)的含量呈不同程度的上升趋势,经锻炼处理小麦的MDA含量显著低于对照,可溶性蛋白的含量明显高于对照,两者存在显著差异。[结论]幼苗期采用低盐锻炼方法可增强小麦的耐盐能力,经过低盐锻炼的小麦能够更好地调节体内渗透压,同时增强了上部组织内清除活性氧的防护能力,在随后的盐胁迫中更易诱导清除活性氧防护系统,并及时做出自我保护和延缓自身衰老。 相似文献
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不同盐胁迫处理下番茄种子萌发期的耐盐性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
[目的]为番茄耐盐种质资源的筛选、利用及设施抗盐栽培提供理论依据。[方法]采用皿内培养法,对NaCl单一盐和Ca(NO3)2、NaCl复合盐胁迫下番茄种子萌发期的耐盐性进行研究。[结果]随着2种盐浓度的增大,种子萌发的整齐度下降,萌发率降低,发芽受损率增加,发芽指数和幼苗活力指数下降;盐浓度为0.2%~0.4%时,2种盐胁迫处理下各指标差异较小,盐浓度为0.6%~1.0%时,2种盐胁迫处理下各指标之间差异显著。[结论]番茄种子对Ca(NO3)2、NaCl复合盐胁迫的耐性高于NaCl单盐胁迫。 相似文献
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耐盐西瓜砧木筛选及其耐盐机理的研究 总被引：48，自引：0，他引：48
通过NaCl处理筛选出了适合保护地栽培的耐盐西瓜砧木,并对其耐盐机理进行了研究。结果表明,三丰付子瓜、北京极早冬瓜等砧木最耐盐,可耐受300mmol/L的浓度,韩育瓠子瓜等品种不耐盐;高盐胁迫下,细胞膜结构破坏,质膜透性增加,相对电导率均大幅度提高;细胞的膜脂过氧化程度明显加剧,丙二醛(MDA)含量显著增加;植物体内过氧化物酶(POD)活性增强,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性下降;同时,盐处理后植物体内游离脯氨酸含量增加,无盐及盐胁迫下,耐盐品种均高于盐敏感品种。 相似文献
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《山东农业科学》2019,(10):50-54
以外源油菜素内酯(BR)对150 mmol/L NaCl和100 mmol/L Ca(NO_3)_2胁迫(渗透势相等)下的番茄幼苗进行叶面喷施处理,测定植株地上部和地下部干重、根冠比、叶绿素含量、Pn、MDA含量等指标,探究外源BR对不同盐胁迫下番茄幼苗生长及生理抗性的影响。结果表明,盐胁迫显著抑制番茄幼苗地上部干物质积累,Pn均显著降低,胁迫后期膜脂过氧化水平均呈不同程度升高,且Ca(NO_3)_2胁迫下植株的根冠比显著增加,NaCl胁迫下叶绿素含量显著降低;同时,Ca(NO_3)_2胁迫下,番茄幼苗地下部干重和叶绿素含量均显著高于对照。外源BR显著提高了盐胁迫植株的地上部和地下部干重、叶绿素含量和Pn,但其对不同盐胁迫下膜脂过氧化伤害的缓解效应因部位而异。由此可知,外源BR对等渗条件下不同盐胁迫造成的番茄幼苗生长受抑均有缓解作用,但对光合碳同化、叶绿素积累的调控效应存在一定差异。 相似文献
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NaCl胁迫下栽培型番茄Na+、K+吸收、分配和转运特性 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：6
【目的】明确盐分胁迫下栽培型番茄离子吸收、分配和转运特性。【方法】以栽培番茄为试材,以NaCl溶液为盐分胁迫条件,通过苗期耐盐性鉴定,采用原子吸收光谱法测定不同耐盐性番茄品种体内离子含量,对盐分胁迫下番茄体内离子积累、分布和转运机制进行系统分析。【结果】番茄对Na+的吸收随盐分处理浓度和时间的增加而增加,在各器官的积累量顺序为根＞茎＞叶。对于较耐盐品种,Na+在体内的积累总量低于盐敏感品种。盐分胁迫后,番茄叶片、茎和根系中Na+/K+比均随NaCl浓度的升高而升高。耐盐品种的Na+/K+比低于盐敏感品种。离子在体内的区域化分布情况是,较耐盐品种的Na+在根茎中的分配比例较高,盐敏感品种趋向于向叶片分配。K+在较耐盐品种的分布集中于叶片。在盐胁迫初期,盐分处理浓度超过200 mmol•L-1时,番茄植株对K+向地上部的选择运输性随着胁迫时间的延长呈现出下降的趋势。低于200 mmol•L-1时,表现出很好的选择运输性,耐盐品种的Sk/Na(运输)高于盐敏感品种,根系表现出更强的向地上部运输K+的能力。【结论】盐分胁迫下,叶片中较低的Na+含量和更强的向地上部运输K+的能力是番茄耐盐性的重要特征。 相似文献
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Effects of NaCl and Iso-Osmotic Polyethylene Glycol Stress on Na+/H+ Antiport Activity of Three Malus species with Different Salt Tolerance 
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下载免费PDF全文 Salt stress contains osmotic and ionic stress, while iso-osmotic polyethylene glycol (PEG) has only osmotic stress. This study aimed to compare the different effects on the activity of H+-ATPase, proton pump and Na+/H+ antiport in Malus seedlings between osmotic and ionic stress. Species of salt tolerant Malus zumi, middle salt tolerant Malus xiaojinensis and salt sensitive Malus baccata were used as experimental materials. Malus seedlings were treated with NaCl and iso-osmotic PEG stress. The activity of H+-ATPase, proton pump and Na+/H+ antiport of plasmolemma and tonoplast in Malus seedlings were obviously increased under salt stress, and those in salt-tolerant species increased more. Under the same NaCl concentration, the activity of H+-ATPase, proton pump and Na+/H+ antiport of plasmolemma and tonoplast in salt-tolerant species were all obviously higher than those in salt-sensitive one. Higher Na+/H+ antiport activity of plasmolemma and tonoplast in salt-tolerant species could help to extrude and compartmentalize sodium in roots under salt stress. The ascent rate of activity of H+-ATPase, proton pump and Na+/H+ antiport in Malus seedlings under the three salt concentration stress was all obviously higher than that under the iso-osmotic PEG stress. It indicated that the sodium ion effect had more stimulation on the activity of H+-ATPase, proton pump and Na+/H+ antiport in salt-tolerant species, and salt-tolerant species has higher capability of sodium extrusion and compartmentalization in roots and is therefore more salt tolerant. 相似文献
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《（《农业科学与技术》）编辑部》2008,(4)
[Objective] The aim of this study was to provide the theoretical basis for screening and utilizing salt-tolerant tomato varieties as well as for cultivating salt-resistance.[Method] Salinity tolerance of tomato during seed germination under simple salt sodium chloride and double salt calcium nitrate or sodium chloride stress were studied by Petri dish culturing.[Result] As the two kinds salt concentration increased,the germination regularity,the germination rate,the germination index and the growing vigor index of tomato seedlings decreased,but the germination losing rate increased.When salt concentration was from 0.2% to 0.4%,there was little difference among all indexes under two kinds of salt stress.However,when salt concentration was from 0.6% to 1.0%,the difference among all indexes under two kinds of salt stress was significant.[Conclusion] Salinity tolerance of tomato seeds under double salt calcium nitrate or sodium chloride stress was higher than that under simple salt sodium chloride stress. 相似文献
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The Effects of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on Reactive Oxyradical Scavenging System of Tomato Under Salt Tolerance 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi （AMF）, Glomus mosseae, on oxygen radical scavenging system of tomato under salt stress were studied in potted culture experiments. The response of tomato （Lycopersieon eseulentum L.） cultivar Zhongza 9 seedlings with AMF inoculation and control to salt stress （0, 0.5 and 1.0% NaCl solution, respectively） was investigated. The results showed that the salt stress significantly reduced the dry matter content of roots, stems and leaves, and also the leaf area as compared with the control treatment. However, arbuscular mycorrhizal-inoculated （AM） significantly improved the dry matter and the leaf area in the salt-stressed plants. The effect of AMF on dry matter was more pronounced in aerial bromass than in root biomass which might be due to AM colonization. The activities of SOD, POD, ASA-POD, and CAT in leaves and roots of mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal treatment of tomato plants were increased and had different rules under different NaCl concentrations （solution of 0, 0.5 and 1% NaCl）, but all enzymes had a rise in the beginning of treatment under salt stress conditions. The AMF did not change the rule of tomato itself under salt stress, but AMF increased these enzyme activities in different levels. The AMF treatment significantly increased SOD, POD and ASA-POD activities in leaves and roots, whereas it had little effects on CAT in root. O2- production rate and MDA content in leaves increased continuously, which showed a positive line correlation with salt stress concentration. O2- production rate and MDA content in tomato plants significantly decreased by AM treatment compared with nonmycorrhizal treatment. In conclusion, AM could alleviate the growth limitations imposed by saline conditions, and thereby play a very important role in promoting plant growth under salt stress in tomato. 相似文献
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Study on Salinity Tolerance of Tomatoes during Seed Germination under Different Salt Stress Conditions 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
MA Hong-ying GUO Rui LI Hong-an ZHANG Yuan-fang The New High Agricultural Technology Demonstration Gardens of Tianjin City Tianjin 《（《农业科学与技术》）编辑部》2008,(4)
[Objective] The aim of this study was to provide the theoretical basis for screening and utilizing salt-tolerant tomato varieties as well as for cultivating salt-resistance.[Method] Salinity tolerance of tomato during seed germination under simple salt sodium chloride and double salt calcium nitrate or sodium chloride stress were studied by Petri dish culturing.[Result] As the two kinds salt concentration increased,the germination regularity,the germination rate,the germination index and the growing vigor index of tomato seedlings decreased,but the germination losing rate increased.When salt concentration was from 0.2% to 0.4%,there was little difference among all indexes under two kinds of salt stress.However,when salt concentration was from 0.6% to 1.0%,the difference among all indexes under two kinds of salt stress was significant.[Conclusion] Salinity tolerance of tomato seeds under double salt calcium nitrate or sodium chloride stress was higher than that under simple salt sodium chloride stress. 相似文献
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不同盐胁迫处理下番茄种子萌发期的耐盐性研究(英文) 总被引：16，自引：3，他引：13
[Objective] The aim of this study was to provide the theoretical basis for screening and utilizing salt-tolerant tomato varieties as well as for cultivating salt-resistance.[Method] Salinity tolerance of tomato during seed germination under simple salt sodium chloride and double salt calcium nitrate or sodium chloride stress were studied by Petri dish culturing.[Result] As the two kinds salt concentration increased,the germination regularity,the germination rate,the germination index and the growing vigor index of tomato seedlings decreased,but the germination losing rate increased.When salt concentration was from 0.2% to 0.4%,there was little difference among all indexes under two kinds of salt stress.However,when salt concentration was from 0.6% to 1.0%,the difference among all indexes under two kinds of salt stress was significant.[Conclusion] Salinity tolerance of tomato seeds under double salt calcium nitrate or sodium chloride stress was higher than that under simple salt sodium chloride stress. 相似文献
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【目的】研究盐胁迫条件下玉米自交系和杂交种的响应,分析自交系和杂交种耐盐差异。在耐盐玉米新品种选育过程中,综合分析玉米自交系幼苗期对盐胁迫响应速度和植株体内Na+、K+离子含量,利用耐盐自交系为亲本,为筛选出耐盐的杂交组合。【方法】以玉米自交系B73、GEMS46以及B73×GEMS46 杂交种为材料,进行耐盐性鉴定,分析比较自交系和杂交种在耐盐条件下生理指标变化趋势和最终差异,研究自交系对盐胁迫下杂种优势的贡献。【结果】玉米幼苗在3叶1心时用150 mmol/L NaCl处理植株是一个比较合理浓度;利用盐胁迫后植株的鲜重和干重以及植株Na+、K+离子含量是衡量植株耐盐性的较好的指标。在盐处理后,耐盐自交系的相对电导率、H2O2含量与杂交种变化趋势相同,耐盐自交系和杂交种前期对盐胁迫的响应较快,后期生理指标变化平缓,植株体内积累Na+离子较小,表现为耐盐性。【结论】在耐盐玉米新品种选育过程中,综合分析玉米自交系幼苗期对盐胁迫响应速度和植株体内Na+、K+离子含量,利用耐盐自交系为亲本,可以较快地筛选出耐盐的杂交组合。 相似文献