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1.
特早熟甘蓝型双低油菜杂交种青杂3号的选育 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
青杂3号(原代号为E144)是青海省春油菜研究开发中心培育的甘蓝型双低油菜波里马细胞质雄性不育三系杂交种.在国家春油菜区域试验早熟组中平均产量为2 340.1㎏/hm2,比对照白菜型油菜品种青油241增产39.3%;在国家春油菜生产试验中平均产量为2 407.5kg/hm2,比对照青油241增产45.1%.在青海省区域试验中平均产量为2 790.2kg/hm2,比对照青油241增产47.6%;在青海省生产试验中平均产量为2 989.1㎏/hm2,比对照青油241增产50.2%.青杂3号种子含油量44.27%,芥酸含量0.50%,硫甙含量29.40μmol/g.全生育期110d左右. 相似文献
2.
高产双低油菜杂交种杂97060的选育 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
"三系"杂交油菜杂97060具优质、高产、抗寒、抗病等突出特点,其不育系不育率稳定在98%以上,恢复系恢复力强,配合力高.在河南省优质杂交油菜区试中,平均产量2 551.5kg/hm2,比第一对照种豫油2号增产28.4%,比第二对照种非优质高产杂交种秦油2号增产13.1%,均达极显著水平.杂97060高抗病毒病,抗(耐)菌核病,抗寒性强.芥酸接近于零(未检出),硫甙含量26.80μmol/g,含油量43.84%.综合各项指标均达到国家育种攻关要求,适宜出口创汇和国内综合加工利用. 相似文献
3.
甘蓝型双低隐性核不育杂交种沪油杂1号的选育 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
沪油杂1号(原编号SH-19)是利用隐性上位互作核雄性不育系20118A育成的甘蓝型双低杂交油菜品种.20118A的育性由2对隐性重叠基因和1对隐性上位基因控制,基因型为aabbRfRf,临保系的基因型为aabbrfrf,恢复系的基因型为AA__或__BB__.沪油杂1号种子含油量42.43%,芥酸含量0.62%,硫甙含量24.23μmol/g.在上海市油菜区域试验中平均产量2 243.3kg/hm2,比双高对照汇油50增产11.9%,比双低对照沪油15增产3.8%;在上海市油菜生产试验中平均产量2 244.0kg/hm2,分别比对照汇油50增产33.6%,比对照沪油15增产15.9%. 相似文献
4.
丰产早熟抗病亚麻新品种天亚8号的选育 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
张金 《中国油料作物学报》2005,27(3):18-20
天亚8号是以列诺特为母本、天亚6号为父本进行杂交,经不同生态区穿梭选育而成的丰产早熟抗病油纤兼用型亚麻新品种,具有丰产性好、抗病性强、油分品质较好、早熟、适应性广等特点.甘肃省区试平均产量1 324.95kg/hm2,比对照陇亚8号增产10.2%.全国(华北、西北)胡麻区试平均产量1 729.8kg/hm2,比对照品种陇亚8号增产6.29%.生产示范最高产量3 062.3kg/hm2,比当地对照品种平均增产11.89%.籽实平均含油率39.07%,其中亚油酸含量14.35%,亚麻酸含量52.98%. 相似文献
5.
高产双低杂交油菜淮杂油1号的选育 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
淮杂油 1号系江苏淮阴农科所选育的甘蓝型双低油菜杂交种 ,在江苏省油菜区域试验、生产试验、多年多点示范种植中均表现出生长优势强、产量高、品质优、抗 (耐 )菌核病、熟期适中等特性。江苏省区试平均产量3 15 7.75kg/hm2 ,比对照宁杂 1号增产 4.5 0 % ,生产试验平均产量 2 843.40kg/hm2 ,比对照宁杂 1号增产 10 .79%。2 0 0 1年通过江苏省农作物品种审定委员会审定。 相似文献
6.
抗寒、抗病优质油菜杂交种豫油5号的选育 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
豫油5号是河南省农科院棉花油料作物研究所育成的高产优质油菜三系杂交种,具有优质、高产、抗寒、抗病等特点。不育系的不育率稳定在98％以上,恢复系恢复力强,配合力高。河南省油菜区试平均产量2508.0kg/hm^2,比优质对照种豫油2号增产22.1%,达极显著水平,比非优质杂交种秦油2号增产5.1%。全国（黄淮区）区试平均产量2702.2kg/hm^2,最后产量4053.4kg/hm^2。高抗病毒病,抗（耐）菌核病,抗寒性强。品质优良,芥酸含量0.14%,硫甙含量24.90μmol/g,含油量43.01%。1998年通过河南省农作物品种审定委员会审定。 相似文献
7.
双低三系杂交油菜秦优8号选育 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
秦优8号为甘蓝型油菜细胞质雄性不育三系中早熟杂交种。陕西省区试平均产量为3036．5kg／hm^2,生产试验平均产量为2845．7kg／hm^2,比对照秦油2号增产4．20％。2002年参加黄淮区油菜区试平均产量2542．0kg／hm^2,比对照秦油2号增产3．02％。品质优良,芥酸含量0．27％～0．44％,硫甙含量21．41～24．64μmol／g,含油率39．9％～40．9％。 相似文献
8.
甘蓝型油菜隐性上位互作核不育双低杂交种皖油14的选育 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：7
皖油14（原C022）是利用隐性上位互作核不育育成的甘蓝型油菜杂交种，具有丰产，稳产，优质（高含油、低芥酸、低硫甙），抗（耐）病等特性，安徽省区试平均产量2661kg/hm^2，比对照秦油2号增产7．2％，比对照中汪821增产22．9％，全国（长江下游区）区试平均产量2149kg/hm^2，比对照中油821增产12．6％，抗（耐）病性优于秦油2号和中油821，芥酸含量为0．36％，硫甙含量为31．2umol/g，含油量达44．3％。 相似文献
9.
适应机械收获的双低油菜新品种沪油17的选育 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
甘蓝型双低油菜新品种沪油17系采用品种(系)间杂交和回交方法育成的.种子含油量42.64%.芥酸含量0.68%,硫苷含量26.46μmol/g.该品种抗落粒性强,适合于机械收获.上海市油菜区生产试验平均产量2 346.0kg/hm2,比对照汇油50增产21.8%,达极显著水平. 相似文献
10.
沪油16是通过品种间杂交育成的甘蓝型双低油菜新品种,种子含油率为41.22%、芥酸含量为0.74%、硫苷含量为21.20μmoL/g.沪油16在上海市油菜区域试验中,平均产量2 583.0kg/hm2,比对照双低油菜品种沪油12增产12.0%;在国家油菜区域试验中,平均产量1 956.0kg/hm2,比对照双高品种中油821增产10.1%. 相似文献
11.
12.
《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):81-114
Summary The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices. 相似文献
13.
Novel food and non-food uses for sorghum and millets 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4
Sorghum and millets have considerable potential in foods and beverages. As they are gluten-free they are suitable for coeliacs. Sorghum is also a potentially important source of nutraceuticals such antioxidant phenolics and cholesterol-lowering waxes. Cakes, cookies, pasta, a parboiled rice-like product and snack foods have been successfully produced from sorghum and, in some cases, millets. Wheat-free sorghum or millet bread remains the main challenge. Additives such as native and pre-gelatinised starches, hydrocolloids, fat, egg and rye pentosans improve bread quality. However, specific volumes are lower than those for wheat bread or gluten-free breads based on pure starches, and in many cases, breads tend to stale faster. Lager and stout beers with sorghum are brewed commercially. Sorghum's high-starch gelatinisation temperature and low beta-amylase activity remain problems with regard to complete substitution of barley malt with sorghum malt . The role of the sorghum endosperm matrix protein and cell wall components in limiting extract is a research focus. Brewing with millets is still at an experimental stage. Sorghum could be important for bioethanol and other bio-industrial products. Bioethanol research has focused on improving the economics of the process through cultivar selection, method development for low-quality grain and pre-processing to recover valuable by-products. Potential by-products such as the kafirin prolamin proteins and the pericarp wax have potential as bioplastic films and coatings for foods, primarily due to their hydrophobicity. 相似文献
14.
Whereas the concept that availability of resources drives seed production is sound in principle, it is incomplete as there are many solutions to the allocation of resources that derive from the trade-off between number and size. This paper examines evolutionary aspects of this trade-off in annual grain crops. The analysis is centred on the working hypotheses that, for a given species and environment, allocation of resources to reproduction involves (H1) high plasticity in seed number, which allows for variable resource availability, and (H2) a relatively narrow range of seed size that results from evolutionary and agronomic selection. Comparisons between crops and fish are used to highlight common evolutionary elements in taxa where parents provide little or no care to their offspring, with the consequence that both number and early survival of offspring, hence fitness of parents, are partially related to embryo size and reserves.
The plasticity of seed number in relation to availability of resources is analysed against the established relationship between offspring number and parent growth rate during critical stages. The notion that seed size is under stabilising selection is analysed against three conditions: (1) mean seed size is conservative for a given species and environment, (2) seed size affects fitness, and (3) seed size is heritable. Databases from published papers were compiled to analyse the relative variability of seed size and number, and the heritability of seed size. Evidence for and against the link between seed size and parental fitness is revised using the Smith–Fretwell model as framework (Am. Nat., 108, 499–506).
The proposal of high plasticity of seed number and narrow variability of seed size resulting from stabilising natural selection is generally consistent with evolutionary and genetic considerations. Agronomic selection may have reinforced natural selection leading to relatively narrow seed size in species such as wheat and soybean, where cultivated types retained high plasticity for seed number. In contrast, selection for one or few inflorescences in crops like sunflower and maize may have morphologically reduced seed number plasticity and increased variability of seed size and its responsiveness to resource availability in relation to their wild ancestors. 相似文献
15.
Yanhua Lu Chongwei Zhang Peter Bucheli Dongzhi Wei 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2006,61(2):55-63
Flavonoids-enriched tissues of citrus such as peel, immature fruit and flower are consumed as culinary seasonings, tea ingredients in China for centuries. This HPLC quantitative study on the five citrus flavonoids, naringin, hesperidin, neohesperidin, sinensetin and nobiletin on a wide range of Chinese citrus fruits and several Traditional Chinese Medicinal food ingredients in East China, revealed a great diversity in flavonoid composition. Huyou peel (C. paradisi cv. Changshanhuyou) was found to be the best naringin (3.25%) and neohesperidin (2.76%) source; C. aurantium, a major ingredient of several citrus-related TCM, is also a suitable source of naringin and neohesperidin, and a good juice source for flavanone glycosides; the peel of Wenzhoumiju (C. unshiu) is one of the richest local species in hesperidin (up to 6.25%); Zaoju (C. subcompressa) has the highest content of nobiletin (0.59%), a polymethoxylated flavone. LC-ES-MS analysis of Zanthoxylum genus for flavonoids revealed for the first time the presence of significant amounts (0.74%) of hesperidin in the root of Liangmianzhen (Z. nitidum (Roxb.) DC), a relative of Sichuan pepper, which is a spice widely used in China. 相似文献
16.
Summary The viability of five pathogens was decreased by treatment with hot water when tested in vitro.Polyscytalum pustulans was most sensitive andRhizoctonia solani least sensitive.
Potato tubers were exposed to 55°C for 5 min in a commercial continuous hot water treatment plant using naturally contaminated
seed tubers and tubers which had been inoculated by dipping in comminuted cultures. The frequency of eyes colonised byP. pustulans, Helminthosporium solani, andR. solani was reduced to virtually zero and the effect persisted on tubers subsequently stored at 4°C and at 15°C for up to 16 wk.
Results withColletotrichum coccodes were inconclusive. Treatment suppressedPenicillium spp. which, however, rapidly recolonised the eyes during storage, leading to higher contamination levels in the treated than
in the untreated tubers. With tubers inoculated withPhoma foveata, good control was achieved when the incubation period before treatment was 10 d but not when the period was 42 d. 相似文献
17.
《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):379-400
Summary Heterocyclic 1,4-benzoxazin-3-ones and related benzox-azolinones are important natural products of the cereal crops maize, wheat and rye. Much research has focused on the role of these compounds as defensive agents against plant diseases and pests. Studies of a wide variety of biological effects on herbivores and nematodes, plant pathogenic fungi and bacteria are reviewed in this article. Phytotoxic activity of the compounds is also considered with respect to allelopathic interaction with higher plants. Recent investigations of molecular aspects of interactions of cyclic hydroxamic acids and related benzoxazo-linones with acceptor organisms have demonstrated different effective detoxification strategies and tolerance mechanisms. This research has greatly advanced our knowledge about the multiple roles that these allelochemicals play in ecological systems. 相似文献
18.
Potential of dry fractionation of wheat bran for the development of food ingredients,part I: Influence of ultra-fine grinding 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Youna Hemery Marc Chaurand Ulla Holopainen Anna-Maija Lampi Pekka Lehtinen Vieno Piironen Abdelkrim Sadoudi Xavier Rouau 《Journal of Cereal Science》2011
Wheat bran is an undervalued by-product of white flour and has great nutritional potential due to its high content in fibres and bioactive compounds. Micronized bran could be used as a food ingredient to improve the nutritional potential of cereal products, or be used as a starting material for other processes (bioactive compound extraction or bran fractionation). The aim of this work was to find a way to efficiently decrease the particle size of bran. The influence of the grinding temperature (ambient or cryogenic grinding) on the granulometric distribution of particles, their composition, and their microstructure was studied, at lab-scale and pilot-scale. It showed that the intrinsic characteristics of bran (glass transition within intermediate layers at −46 °C) had more influence on its grinding behaviour than the type of grinding device used: the particles size distributions obtained after grinding at lab-scale and pilot-scale were very similar. At both scales, the granulometric curves were narrow for cryogenic grinding, while for ambient grinding they were spread over the whole particle size range. Ultrafine particles were obtained in both ambient and cryogenic conditions. Negative temperatures, by increasing the material’s brittleness, favoured a fast fragmentation of bran: one step of cryogenic grinding allowed a median particle size of nearly 50 μm to be reached, whereas three successive steps of ambient grinding were needed for the same result. On the other hand, ambient temperature favoured the dissociation of the different constituent layers of wheat bran, and produced less composite particles than cryogenic grinding. 相似文献
19.
Multiple use of plants: Studies on selenium incorporation in some agricultural species for the production of organic selenium compounds 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
The technique of spraying plants with inorganic forms of selenium can be employed for phytochemical production of organic selenium compounds. Fractionation of the plant material makes it possible to produce a highly concentrated and well defined selenium supplement with potential use in animal and human nutrition. The fractionation also gives opportunities to combine production of organic selenium compounds with other products, for example plant fibres. Multiple use of plants can contribute to a more efficient utilization of land area (in comparison to monocultures solely adapted to food production). It also gives the opportunity to develop systems suitable for long term fixation of carbon, as long as the plant material is not reoxidised to carbon dioxide. Plant fibres could provide raw material for the production of paper or building materials in combination with the production of organic selenium compounds preferentially accumulated in another fraction of the processed plant. 相似文献
20.
Summary
Macrosiphum euphorbiae, collected in the field from potato plants infected with potato leafroll virus (PLRV), transmitted the virus to fewer potato
plants in a field trial than did laboratory-rearedMyzus persicae. In the laboratory,M. persicae was the only efficient vector of PLRV fromPhysalis floridana seedlings, potato sprouts or excised leaves toP. floridana. Two clones ofM. euphorbiae and one clone ofAulacorthum solani transmitted PLRV from infected potato plants toNicotiana clevelandii as effeciently asM. persicae but a clone ofAphis gossypii was an inefficient PLRV vector. An isolate of PLRV, whichM. persicae transmitted inefficiently from potato toN. clevelandii, was also transmitted inefficiently byM. euphorbiae andA. solani. 相似文献