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以6a生"徐香"猕猴桃为试材,设剪留花柱0(CK1)、1、2、3、4、5、8、11、14、17、22、27、32、37和全留(CK2)共15个处理,花后1个月调查坐果率、收获后测单果重和果形指数。结果表明:全部减去花柱,坐果率为0%,授粉柱头小于等于11,坐果率在25%～83%;大于等于11时,各处理坐果率为83%～87%,与对照全部柱头授粉坐果率无明显差异;在授粉柱头1～11范围内随数量增加,其单果重由13.6g增至64.3g。当授粉柱头大于等于14时,单果重在74.9～83.4g,与对照80.0g无明显差异;授粉柱头在1～8时,果形指数在0.77～1.01之间,明显低于对照。当授粉柱头大于等于11时,果形指数在1.05～1.19,与对照1.16无明显差异。从坐果率、单果重、果形指数3项影响产量商品性的指标看,"徐香"充分授粉的数量指标为11～14,表明生产上可以此为依据,减少花粉使用量,降低成本,提高效率。 相似文献
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1997年严重的高温干旱,给果业生产带来了灾难性的后果。现将其对苹果树的伤害及防护措施浅述于下。 一、高温干旱对苹果树的伤害 1.影响授粉受精 苹果花期遇到异常的高温干燥气候,柱头很快干枯,影响花粉发芽,大部分花粉管变形或中途破裂,难以授粉受精,极严重地影响了坐果率。 相似文献
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1 造成红富士苹果果形偏斜的主要原因1.1花期授粉受精不良 偏斜果100％为受精不良果,心室内无种子或种子干瘪。1.2花序留果数多 每花序留单果的,果形偏斜率只有15.8％;留双果的,偏斜率为55.8％;着三果的,偏斜率高达70.9％。 相似文献
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果形高桩端正是高档富士苹果的重要指标．但目前生产的富士苹果偏斜较多．其原因及预防措施分析如下。1造成偏斜的原因1．1授粉受精不良果实内发育成熟的种子多．且各心室分布均匀，发生偏斜率低：反之若种子少。分布不均，形成空心室．其果实偏斜率就高。花序留果量多，每花序留单果．果个大，果形指数高；留双果则果个大小和果形指数下降。 相似文献
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果树花期管理适用技术１人工授粉能解决花期天气不良及授粉树配置不当等问题，提高坐果率。授粉方法有人工点授和机械喷授两种。适宜授粉时间是花朵刚开放，花瓣和柱头新鲜时，尤以花朵开放当天上午６～１２时最好。２花期放蜂可明显提高坐果且坐果均匀。一般３～４ｈｍ２... 相似文献
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研究了盛果期重阳红桃花柱头接受花粉能力的变化，进行了不同花期授粉的坐果率试验，对田间条件下适用的授粉方法及授粉时期提出了改进措施。试验结果认为，重阳红桃柱头在开放后近100h内，都有刺激花粉萌发的潜在能力，但与环境湿度有关，授粉最佳时期为粉白花期至粉红花期。 相似文献
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梨果实贮藏中可溶性果胶和半纤维素分子结构的变化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了了解分子结构变化与耐藏性的关系，以耐贮性不同的苹果梨和新高梨为试材，利用Ultrogel AcA 22凝胶柱渗漏分离，比较了梨贮藏中可溶性果胶和半纤维素分子大小的变化。结果表明，苹果梨的半纤维素分子大于新高梨。在贮藏过程中，耐贮性强的苹果梨果实可溶性果胶分子大小变化不明显，但半纤维素分子明显变小。相反，新高梨的可溶性果胶分子明显变小，而未观察到半纤维素分子大小的变化。说明梨的耐贮性与可溶性果胶分子结构变化及半纤维素分子大小有关，而与半纤维素分子结构变化没有直接关系。 相似文献
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Chitose Honsho Songpol Somsri Takuya Tetsumura Kensuke Yamashita Keizo Yonemori 《Scientia Horticulturae》2007
The effective pollination period (EPP) of durian was determined by both delayed and bud pollination, during which reproductive factors affecting the EPP, e.g., stigma receptivity, pollen tube growth in the style, and ovule longevity were studied histologically. This study was conducted in three distinct locations in Thailand, namely, the Chantaburi Horticultural Research Center and two private orchards in Chantaburi and Trat provinces. Results from artificial pollination revealed that at anthesis, the durian flower is receptive and has a high fruit set ratio. A mean fruit set of 50% was obtained at anthesis in the private orchard in Chantaburi province. However, the EPP of durian was found to be very short, lasting for only one night; the fruit set from pollination on the morning after anthesis ranged from 0% to 3.4%. No fruit set occurred following pollination 24 or more hours after anthesis. When compared with the flowers of other fruit species, the durian flower has a unique feature in that it blooms overnight; the following morning, there is abscission of all parts of the flower, except the gynoecium. Thus, EPP appears to be synchronized with flower longevity. On the other hand, the durian flower was receptive several hours before anthesis. The results of chemical tests, including the hydrogen peroxide test and Perex-Test®, for the evaluation of stigma receptivity appeared to be in agreement with the EPP. However, fluorescent microscopy revealed that pollen could germinate even in the stigmas pollinated 48 h after anthesis, but the number of pollen tubes at the top of the style rapidly decreased from 34.6 (at anthesis) to 0.5 (48 h after anthesis). A correlation test demonstrated a higher correlation coefficient between the fruit set and the number of pollen than that between the fruit set and the result of Perex-Test®. This indicated that pollen tube penetration or elongation in the style was inhibited, probably due to the deterioration of nutritional support from the pistil to the pollen tubes; this can be a limiting factor of the EPP in durian. 相似文献
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对反义MLPK基因在甘蓝柱头特异启动子SLR的驱动下,通过农杆菌介导转化法将其导入高度自交不亲和甘蓝材料‘TF’。转基因甘蓝T0代植株定量PCR分析结果显示,不同的转MLPK反义基因单株内源MLPK mRNA积累量具有明显差异,其中转基因植株花期柱头内源MLPK mRNA积累量明显低于野生型对照。花粉原位萌发的荧光显微镜观察结果显示,转基因甘蓝植株花期自交后,吸附在柱头上的花粉粒大量萌发,且穿过柱头的花粉管明显增加,并导致花期自交结籽数上升,转基因植株花期和蕾期自交亲和指数均明显高于野生型对照植株。结果表明,下调MLPK基因表达能部分打破甘蓝自交不亲和,提高其花期自交结籽能力。 相似文献
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大白菜花粉壁蛋白和柱头表膜蛋白与自交不亲和的关系 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
以6个纯合S基因型(SaSa,SdSd,SfSf, SgSg,SiSi,SjSj)和1个杂合S基因型(SgSi)的大白菜自交不亲和株系为材料,提取花粉壁蛋白和柱头表膜蛋白。用花粉壁蛋白处理相同S基因型的柱头,可诱导乳突细胞的胼胝质反应:处理不同S基因型的柱头,可“蒙导”自交亲和。经SiSi柱头表膜蛋白处理过的SiSi花粉,授于花期的SjSj和SaSa以及蕾期的SiSi柱头上,原来的亲和性消失。显然,花粉壁蛋白和柱头表膜蛋白分别是花粉侧和柱头侧不亲和反应的识别物质。用等电聚焦法分析花粉壁蛋白和柱头表膜蛋白中的糖蛋白,结果表明,其等电点因S基因不同而特异。由此进一步推测,花粉壁蛋白和柱头表膜蛋白中的识别物质为S基因特异糖蛋白。 相似文献
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Effects of pollen-load on fruit yield,seed production and germination in melons,cucumbers and squash
Haim Nerson 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(5):560-566
SummaryFour cultivars of each of three cucurbit species were used to examine the effects of pollen-load (i.e., the number of pollen grains deposited on the stigma of pistillate flowers) on fruit-set, seed-set, and germinability (i.e., germination percentage and germination rate) in four greenhouse experiments. Increasing pollen-load increased the number of fruit per plant in the four melon cultivars over two growing seasons, and in two non-parthenocarpic cucumbers, but had no effect on all four squash cultivars. In most cases, increasing pollen-load increased the number of fully-developed seeds, decreased the percentage of empty seeds, and tended to decrease mean seed weights. On average, melons produced 2.2 fruits per plant in the Winter, and only 0.9 fruits per plant in the Autumn. In contrast, melons produced 275 fully-developed seeds per fruit in the Autumn, but only 57 seeds in the Winter. Mean melon seed weight was higher in Autumn, and the sum of all seed yield component effects resulted a significantly higher seed yield per plant in the Autumn. Germinability of melon seeds from the Autumn season, and of squash seeds from the Winter season, were not significantly affected by pollen-load treatment. These data are contrary to the theory that microgametophyte competition has a positive effect on the vigour of the progeny. The lower germinability of melon seeds obtained by passive pollination (i.e., self-pollination in covered flowers) may be due to the fact that pollination without insect or human interference yielded only a few seeds per fruit, and, under such circumstances, there may be a survival advantage for slow and distributed germination. 相似文献
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L. E. Watts 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(3):221-226
SummaryField and laboratory experiments were conducted to study if rain could wash-off pollen grains from the surface of the stigma and consequently affect the efficiency of fertilisation in loquat (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.). Flowers of the loquat cultivar, ‘Dawuxing’, growing in the field, were emasculated, pollinated by hand with pollen of the cultivar ‘Longquan No.5’, then sprayed with water to simulate the effect of rain at –8, –4, –2 h before, –0 h (immediately before hand-pollination) , +0 h (immediately after hand-pollination), and 2, 4, 8, or 12 h after pollination. A control to which no water treatment was applied was also included in the assay. Meanwhile, additional assays were performed in the laboratory to improve the resolution of the field study by using earlier treatments. Here, treatments were performed by pollinating, immersing, and shaking a branch with flowers in a container of water in the laboratory –120, –60, –30, –0, +0, 30, 60, or 120 min before or after hand-pollination. One additional sample was immersed, shaken, then hand-pollinated, and immersed and shaken (ISPIS) again. The results showed that the numbers of pollen grains that germinated, and the percentages of fruit set, differed significantly between the –4, –2, –0, or +0 h treatments and the non-water-treated control in the field assays, especially in the case of the –0 h and +0 h treatments in which the stigmas were washed immediately before or after hand-pollination. However, the –8, 2, 4, 8, and 12 h treatments did not show significant differences from the non-treated control. On the other hand, the laboratory experiments showed that all washing treatments reduced the number of germinated pollen grains retained on the stigma, and the immersion treatments at –30, –0, +0, or 30 min as well as the additional ISPIS treatment, showed significant differences from the non-treated controls in the numbers of pollen grains retained on the stigmas. In conclusion, the results showed that adhesion of pollen grains to the stigmas in loquat was rapid and strong, and that the simulated rain treatment was not able to wash-off pollen grains completely from the stigma surface, except in the –0 h and +0 h treatments. 相似文献
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‘正午’牡丹有性生殖败育的形态学观察 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用光镜和杂交等方法对牡丹远缘杂交一代品种‘正午’有性生殖败育进行系统形态学观察发现: (1) 雄蕊较雌蕊先成熟, 初花期即散粉, 正常2 - 细胞花粉仅占2.41% , 且花粉在多种培养液中、在自身和其它两种柱头上均不萌发; 柱头在谢花期大量分泌粘液, 进入最佳授粉状态; (2) 同一胚珠中多个大孢子母细胞减数分裂高度不同步, 胚囊发育与受精延迟, 部分胚乳游离核在细胞化时期分裂异常;(3) 自花及品种内异花授粉不结实, 天然授粉结实率为0.053‰～0.130‰。认为‘正午’牡丹有性生殖败育的主要原因是不能形成足够多的有生活力的配子和缺乏有效授粉。 相似文献