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Growth and development of the digestive organs and some enzymes in broiler chicks after hatching. 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
1. Body weight and the weight of the digestive organs and activities of some digestive enzymes were determined from hatching to 23 d of age. 2. Relative daily growth rate peaked at 11 d of age (22% gain/d) and then decreased gradually. 3. The vitelline residue was decreased rapidly from 4.6 g at hatching to negligible values from 4 d of age. 4. Maximal allometric growth of the pancreas and small intestine was 4-fold and that of liver 2-fold greater than that of the body. 5. Activities (units/kg body weight) of the digestive enzymes measured in the pancreas and intestinal contents increased with age. In the pancreas maximal values were attained on day 8 for amylase and lipase and 11 for trypsin and chymotrypsin. In the small intestine maxima were attained on day 4 for lipase, 11 for trypsin and chymotrypsin and 17 for amylase. 6. The development of secretion of digestive enzymes in the post-hatched chick could be a limiting factor in digestion and subsequently in food intake and growth. 相似文献
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1. This study was to investigate the development of the activities of pancreatic and caecal enzymes in White Roman goslings from hatching to 28 d of age. 2. A total of 80 1-d-old goslings were used. At hatching, 3 and 7 d of age, 16 goslings (8 males and 8 females) were used. At 11, 14, 21 and 28 d of age, 8 goslings, 4 males and 4 females were selected. The activities of amylase, lipase, trypsin and chymotrypsin in each segment of the small intestine (duodenum, jejunum, ileum) and their contents and the activity of cellulase in the caecal contents were measured. 3. The specific activity (SA) of amylase in the duodenal mucosa and contents increased significantly both from 11 to 14 and 14 to 21 d of age and declined after 28 d of age. In the jejunum and ileum, there was a significant peak in the SA of amylase in the mucosa in goslings from 7 to 21 d of age. On average, the SA of lipase of mucosa and content in the small intestine was initially low but gradually increased from 14 to 21 and from 21 to 28 d of age. 4. The SA of trypsin in the contents of the duodenum and the jejunum increased both from 7 to 11 and 11 to 14 d of age and there was high activity in the ileal contents from 14 to 21 d of age. From 3 to 14 d of age, the SA of chymotrypsin in the duodenal mucosa significantly increased and peaked. There was a significant peak at 11 d of age in the SA of chymotrypsin in the duodenal or jejunal contents and in the ileal contents at 7 d. The SA of cellulase in the caecal contents increased linearly with age, reaching a plateau at 28 d of age. 5. The rate of activity development varied from hatching to 28 d of age. However, the mean SA of amylase and lipase of intestinal contents reached a peak at 21 d, trypsin and chymotrypsin at 11 d and cellulase at 28 d of age, respectively. The quantitative changes in SA of cellulase, amylase, lipase, trypsin and chymotrypsin increased by about 4-, 3-, 5-, 2- and 3-fold, respectively, in the intestinal content of goslings. Thus, development of proteases in the intestine of goslings peaked more rapidly than amylase, lipase and cellulase during the first 4 weeks. 相似文献
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Effect of age, weaning and diet on digestive enzyme levels in the piglet 总被引：27，自引：0，他引：27
M D Lindemann S G Cornelius S M el Kandelgy R L Moser J E Pettigrew 《Journal of animal science》1986,62(5):1298-1307
Thirty-seven pigs were used to evaluate the effects of age and weaning on the level of protease in the gastric mucosa and trypsin, chymotrypsin, amylase and lipase in the pancreas. There was a positive allometry of the pancreas and gastric mucosa associated with age and with weaning to a solid diet. Increases with age in total activity of chymotrypsin, trypsin, amylase and gastric proteases were due to increases in both tissue weight and enzyme activity per gram of tissue. A general depression in pancreatic enzymatic activities, but not in gastric proteolytic activity, was found during the first week following weaning. Forty pigs were used in a second trial to evaluate the effects of age and weaning diet on the same digestive enzymes. Total activity of all enzymes assayed increased with time postweaning. Increases in total activity of lipase and chymotrypsin were due primarily to increased pancreatic weight postweaning. Amylase, trypsin and gastric protease increases were due both to increased tissue weight and increased activity per gram of tissue. There were no effects of diet on the weight of gastric mucosa or the level of activity of the gastric proteases. Pigs fed a diet containing 20% whey had larger pancreases (P less than .10) at slaughter and a greater, but nonsignificant, mean activity per gram of pancreas for all pancreatic enzymes. It appears that the pig has sufficient pancreatic and gastric enzyme activity so that performance should not be limited, with the possible exception of the period shortly after weaning. However diet digestibility and subsequent pig performance may be more directly related to the extent of release of these enzymes into the intestine and the conditions that exist therein. 相似文献
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试验通过研究2~10日龄乳鸽体重、消化器官重量、血清蛋白质代谢、胰腺和小肠黏膜消化酶活性等指标的变化规律,揭示乳鸽消化道早期发育特性。选取出壳后2、4、6、8、10日龄白卡奴乳鸽30羽(每个日龄6羽),屠宰取样。结果表明:1)日龄对乳鸽早期体重(含卵黄重)、腺胃、肌胃、肝脏、胰腺、小肠的器官重量和器官指数;血清总蛋白、白蛋白、尿酸、尿素氮含量;胰腺淀粉酶、脂肪酶、胰蛋白酶总活性,脂肪酶比活性,小肠黏膜二糖酶(蔗糖酶和麦芽糖酶)及碱性磷酸酶总活性和比活性均影响显著(P0.05)。其中,发育模式随日龄变化表现为线性增加的指标包括:肝脏、胰腺、小肠的器官指数(P0.01);体重,肌胃、腺胃、胰腺、肝脏、小肠的器官重量(P0.01);血清总蛋白和白蛋白含量(P0.01);胰腺淀粉酶、脂肪酶、胰蛋白酶总活性,胰腺脂肪酶比活性(P0.05);小肠黏膜二糖酶(麦芽糖酶和蔗糖酶)和碱性磷酸酶总活性和比活性(P0.01)。血清尿酸、尿素氮含量,胰蛋白酶比活性发育规律表现为线性下降(P0.05)。腺胃和肌胃的器官指数表现为先上升后下降(P0.05)。2)肠段对乳鸽小肠黏膜麦芽糖酶和蔗糖酶总活性影响显著(P0.05)。3)日龄与肠段的交互作用对麦芽糖酶总活性、蔗糖酶总活性和蔗糖酶比活性影响显著(P0.05)。结果提示,随着日龄变化,乳鸽机体蛋白质代谢能力不断增强,沉积水平不断提高,消化系统发育迅速,生长速度高于机体生长,自身胰腺和小肠黏膜水解酶活性不断增强,10日龄时,机体发育水平显著提高。因此,2~10日龄阶段是乳鸽出壳后消化生理机能趋于完善的重要阶段。 相似文献
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饲喂半胱胺对绵羊小肠主要消化酶活性的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
选取健康、体重相近的小尾寒羊公羔48只，随机分为4组，每组分别饲喂添加0、7．5、15和22．5mg／kgBW的半胱胺日粮，研究绵羊日粮中添加不同剂量的半胱胺对小肠内容物淀粉酶、胰蛋白酶和糜蛋白酶活性的影响。结果表明：绵羊小肠不同部位（十二指肠、空肠和回肠）淀粉酶、胰蛋白酶和糜蛋白酶活性不同，空肠淀粉酶、胰蛋白酶和糜蛋白酶活性显著高于十二指肠和回肠。绵羊日粮中添加不同剂量的半胱胺可影响小肠食糜中淀粉酶、胰蛋白酶和糜蛋白酶活性，随着日粮半胱胺添加量的增加，绵羊小肠内容物淀粉酶、胰蛋白酶和糜蛋白酶活性随之增高，但半胱胺的添加量达到一定程度时（22．5mg／kgBW），小肠内容物淀粉酶、胰蛋白酶和糜蛋白酶活性反而降低。因而在绵羊日粮中添加半胱胺时，一定要选择适宜的添加量。 相似文献
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Lorenzo-Figueras M Morisset SM Morisset J Lainé J Merritt AM 《American journal of veterinary research》2007,68(10):1070-1072
OBJECTIVE: To measure concentrations and activities of major digestive enzymes in healthy equine pancreatic tissue. ANIMALS: 7 adult horses with normal pancreatic tissues. PROCEDURES: Small pieces of pancreatic tissue were collected immediately after euthanasia, immersed in liquid nitrogen, and maintained at -80 degrees C until analyzed. Concentrations and activities of amylase, lipase, chymotrypsin, trypsin, and elastase were determined by use of a microtiter technique. Relative pancreatic protein concentrations were determined by use of bovine serum albumin as the standard. Pancreatic DNA was extracted and con-centrations determined by use of the diphenylamine method with calf thymus DNA as the standard. RESULTS: The pancreatic cellular concentration of each enzyme, expressed as units per milligram of DNA, was consistent among horses. Cellular concentration of lipase (1,090.8 +/- 285.3 U/mg of DNA) was highest, followed by amylase (59.5 +/- 9.8 U/mg of DNA). Elastase, trypsin, and chymotrypsin were detected in small concentrations (1.9 +/- 0.6, 3.5 +/- 1.5, and 9.6 +/- 2.9 U/mg of DNA, respectively). Similar results were obtained for specific activities of the enzymes. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results were unexpected because, under natural conditions, the predominant energy source for horses is carbohydrate. These results may indicate, in part, the reason horses seem to tolerate large amounts of fat added to their diet. 相似文献
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试验选用黑白花公犊牛21头,研究我国常规饲养管理条件下0～6月龄犊牛胰腺与小肠中主要消化酶的发育规律和变化模式。结果表明:小肠中胰蛋白酶、淀粉酶和脂肪酶活性随月龄的增长而增强,且在空肠段中酶活性均较高,6月龄分别达到11.73、914.03U/g蛋白质和423.23U/g蛋白质,乳糖酶则随月龄的增长活性降低;胰淀粉酶活性随月龄显著增长(P<0.05),0月龄胰脏内淀粉酶活性为177.19U/g蛋白质,2月龄酶活达5605.67U/g蛋白质,比0月龄增长32倍;脂肪酶活性0～1月龄间差异不显著(P>0.05),2月龄酶活显著增高(P<0.05)。由此可见各种消化酶的变化规律是不同的,它们在十二指肠、空肠和回肠的分布具有明显的区域性,空肠是营养物质消化的主要部位。 相似文献
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The current study was conducted to investigate the effects of high dietary concentrations of Zn as zinc oxide and Cu as copper sulfate on the activity of digestive enzymes in the pancreas and the intestinal mucosa, intestinal morphology, and mucin histochemistry in pigs after weaning. Thirty-two pigs were weaned at 4 wk of age. The pigs were fed standard weaning diets supplemented with Zn (100 or 2,500 ppm) and Cu (0 or 175 ppm) in a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments for a 14-d period. In pancreatic tissue, the activity of amylase, carboxypeptidase A, chymotrypsin, trypsin, and lipase increased (P < 0.01) in pigs fed 2,500 ppm of Zn, whereas the activity of carboxypeptidase B and carboxylester hydrolase was unaffected. Copper had no effect on the activity of pancreatic enzymes. In small intestinal contents, the total activity of amylase and carboxypeptidase A was greater in pigs fed 100 ppm of Zn (P < 0.05), whereas feeding 2,500 ppm of Zn increased the chymotrypsin activity (P < 0.001). The remaining enzymes were unaffected by dietary Zn concentration. The villi were longer in the cranial small intestine (P < 0.001) in pigs fed 100 ppm of Zn than in pigs fed 2,500 ppm of Zn, but otherwise there were no clear effects of Zn and Cu supplementation on intestinal morphology. In the cranial small intestine, the activity of maltase (P < 0.001), sucrase (P < 0.001), and lactase was greater in pigs fed 100 ppm of Zn, even though there was a Zn x Cu interaction (P < 0.05) in lactase activity. In the middle and caudal small intestine, no clear differences between dietary treatments were observed. The activity of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase in the intestinal mucosa was not affected by dietary Zn or Cu. In pigs fed 100 ppm of Zn, the activity of aminopeptidase N was greater in the caudal small intestine, but dietary Zn or Cu had no effect on aminopeptidase N in the cranial and middle small intestine. No effect of dietary Zn or Cu supplementation was found on carbohydrate histochemistry in the caudal small intestine, whereas high dietary Zn increased the area of neutral, acidic, and sulfomucins in the cecum (P < 0.01) and in the colon (P < 0.001). In summary, high dietary Zn increased the activity of several enzymes in the pancreatic tissue and increased the mucin staining area in the large intestine, whereas Cu had no clear effect on these variables. However, no definite answers were found as to how the growth promoting and diarrhea reducing effects of excess dietary Zn are exerted. 相似文献
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以0～14日龄雄乳鸽为研究对象,测定3日龄、8日龄和14日龄乳鸽十二指肠和空肠中淀粉酶、总蛋白水解酶、胰蛋白酶、糜蛋白酶和脂肪酶活性随年龄的变化趋势。结果表明：十二指肠中淀粉酶、总蛋白水解酶、胰蛋白酶和糜蛋白酶活性随日龄增加而呈上升趋势,脂肪酶活性在3～8日龄显著降低,8～14日龄活性升高;空肠中淀粉酶、总蛋白水解酶和脂肪酶活性先降低后升高,而胰蛋白酶和糜蛋白酶活性先升高后降低,并在8日龄时达到峰值。 相似文献
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羔羊小肠pH及主要消化酶发育规律的研究 总被引：13，自引：2，他引：13
对小尾寒羊羔羊小肠不同部位(十二指肠、空肠和回肠)pH及淀粉酶、胰蛋白酶、糜蛋白酶、脂肪酶和乳糖酶的活性进行了测定，结果表明：羔羊小肠不同部位内容物pH不同，回肠pH显著高于空肠，空肠和回肠pH显著高于十二指肠，羔羊1月龄后，小肠各段pH变化不大；小肠不同部位淀粉酶和胰蛋白酶、糜蛋白酶及脂肪酶活性不同，空肠段淀粉酶、胰蛋白酶、糜蛋白酶及脂肪酶活性高于十二指肠和回肠段，随着羔羊日龄的增长，小肠淀粉酶、胰蛋白酶、糜蛋白酶及脂肪酶活性增加，3月龄后各消化酶活性变化差异不显著(P＜O．05)；羔羊小肠不同部位乳糖酶活性不同，空肠乳糖酶活性显著高于十二指肠和回肠，随着羔羊日龄的增长，小肠乳糖酶活性逐渐降低。 相似文献
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Twenty Merino lambs of four age groups (1 day, 2, 4 and 7 weeks) and 8 adult Merino wethers were killed. The development of pancreatic and gastrointestinal enzymes was followed by determining RNase, amylase, lipase, trypsin, chymotrypsin and total proteolytic (azocaseinase) activity. Pancreatic protein content, rumen and abomasal pH and abomasal clotting time were also determined. Pancreatic RNase was already present in the newborn lambs and significantly rose in the first 2 weeks of life and before reaching adult values. The increase was more marked and went to higher adult values than in the pig (Baintner and Farkas, 1989). The time-course resembled that of pancreatic amylase and chymotrypsin; pancreatic trypsin and azocaseinase also showed some similarities, but pancreatic lipase had a different time course. Small intestinal RNase also changed differently; it showed a maximum at 4 weeks and had trends opposite to total proteolytic activity, indicating partial digestion of the enzyme by intestinal proteases. Rumen and caecal RNase activities may be indicative of microbial growth and fermentation rate; they showed mostly opposite tendencies in the two localities. In contrast to the pig (Baintner and Farkas, 1989), pancreatic and small intestinal trypsin:chymotrypsin ratios did not show significant increase during development in sheep. 相似文献
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GUO Jiang-peng WANG Jun LI Fa-di LI Hai-jing MA Teng QI Zhi-guo HAO Zheng-li CHEN Jing-yuan 《中国畜牧兽医》2017,44(9):2603-2612
The objective of this study was to determine the effects of different weaning ages on pH and the main digestive enzymes activities in the small intestinal contents of lamb. Fifty-five male lambs of Gansu modern breeding sheep group with(3.43±1.15)kg initial body weight were divided into 3 treatments randomly that were control group (sucking,25 lambs), group Ⅰ (weaning at 28 days old, 15 lambs), and group Ⅱ(weaning at 42 days old,15 lambs).5 lambs from each group were slaughtered at 12 h,7 d and 14 d after weaning,respectively,and the the change of pH and activities of α-amylase,trypsin,chympotrypsin and lipase were measured in the small intestinal contents. The results showed that the effects of pH and the main digestive enzymes activities could be expressed sensitively in the contents of duodenum. From duodenum to ileum,the effects of weaning turned weakening gradually,and it did not show a high-impact on pH,trypsin and lipase activities. There was no significant influence in the recovery time to the normal levels of the main digestive enzymes activities in the small intestinal contents by different weaning ages,the recovery time of α-amylase in group Ⅰ was shorter than group Ⅱ. In this trail condition,it was feasible to wean at 28 days of age,and it had no significant difference in the recovery ability of main digestive enzymes in the small intestinal contents weaning at 28 and 42 days old. 相似文献
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为研究早期断奶日龄对羔羊小肠各段pH及主要消化酶活性的影响,选用55只初生重为（3.43±1.15）kg的甘肃现代肉羊育种群哺乳公羔,按同质原则分成3组,即对照组（正常吮乳组,25只）、Ⅰ组（28日龄断奶组,15只）和Ⅱ组（42日龄断奶组,15只）。在断奶12 h、7 d和14 d后从每个处理中随机抽取5只羔羊屠宰,测定小肠各段pH、α-淀粉酶、胰蛋白酶、糜蛋白酶和脂肪酶活性变化。结果显示,十二指肠食糜能够更为敏感地表达断奶对小肠pH及主要消化酶活性的影响。从小肠近端至远端,断奶对各肠段内容物pH及主要消化酶活性的影响逐渐减弱;断奶对小肠内容物pH、胰蛋白酶活性和脂肪酶活性影响较小;断奶日龄对羔羊小肠主要消化酶活性恢复所需要的时间影响不大,28日龄断奶组小肠α-淀粉酶活性恢复时间较42日龄断奶组短。本试验条件下,对羔羊实施28日龄断奶可行,且羔羊小肠主要消化酶活性恢复能力不逊于42日龄断奶羔羊。 相似文献
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Two experiments were conducted to determine the effect of thermal environment on the digestion of broilers. In both experiments the birds were exposed to three temperatures: 5, 21, and 32° C, and relative humidity was maintained at 60%. In experiment one, the amount of chyme in the whole digestive tract was decreased by the cold environment (5° C, 60% relative humidity) and increased by hot environment (32° C, 60% relative humidity), compared with control environment (20° C, 60% relative humidity). The expelling of digesta from the crop or small intestine was suppressed by high temperature (32° C) (p < 0.01). In experiment two, the activities of trypsin, chymotrypsin, and amylase were affected significantly by different environmental temperatures (p < 0.01). Compared to normal environment, the activities of the three kinds of enzymes in intestinal juice were decreased by the hot environment: trypsin (p < 0.01), chymotrypsin (p < 0.05), and amylase (p < 0.01), respectively. The activities of the three kinds of digestive enzyme were not influenced by the cold environment. 相似文献
17.
Effects of age and diet on the development of the pancreas and the synthesis and secretion of pancreatic enzymes in the young pig 总被引：17，自引：0，他引：17
Effects of age and diet composition on amylase, trypsin and chymotrypsin activities in the pancreas and intestinal contents, pancreas weights and body weights were determined from birth to 56 d. A total of 120 pigs, five to seven pigs/litter from 18 litters, were slaughtered at birth, 14, 27, 29, 31, 42 and 56 d. Litters were allotted to dietary treatments (corn-soy, A; corn-soy + 20% dried whey, B; corn-soy + 5% lard, C) and offered these diets as creep feed at 14 d. All pigs were weaned at 28 d, placed in elevated nursery pens and fed their respective diets. Total activities of amylase, trypsin and chymotrypsin in the pancreas and small intestine increased (P less than .05) with age. Both trypsin and amylase activities, measured per kilogram body weight or gram pancreas weight, were low at 29 d in the intestine and increased to 56 d. Pigs on diet B had the highest level of trypsin and chymotrypsin in the intestinal contents (P less than .05). Trypsin activity in the pancreas (units/kg body weight) was lowest (P less than .05) for pigs on diet B and highest (P less than .05) for those on diet C (units/g pancreas and units/kg body weight). Amylase activity (units/kg body weight) was lower (P less than .05) in the pancreas for pigs on diet B than for those on diets A and C. Pigs on diet A had lower (P less than .01) intestinal amylase activities than those on diets B and C. Enzyme activities in the intestinal contents and pancreas were low following weaning. In the pancreas, activities decreased at 31 d.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) 相似文献
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为研究饲喂模式对犊牛肠道及胰腺内消化酶活性的影响。试验选择24头体重和出生日期相近的犊牛,随机分成2组,每组12头,其中Ⅰ组采用传统饲喂模式(干草+粉状开食料),4 d开始补充开食料,10 d开始补充苜蓿干草,干草自由采食。Ⅱ组采用现代饲喂模式(颗粒型开食料)犊牛于4 d开始补充开食料。60 d断奶。各组分别在0、15、30、60 d屠宰3头犊牛。结果表明:Ⅰ组犊牛中性洗涤纤维以及酸性洗涤纤维日均摄入量均显著高于Ⅱ组(P<0.05),粗蛋白、消化能、粗脂肪、钙和磷的日均摄入量差异均不显著(P>0.05)。Ⅱ组犊牛小肠以及胰腺内淀粉酶、糜蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶、脂肪酶均高于Ⅰ组,尤其是胰蛋白酶以及糜蛋白酶在60 d时显著高于Ⅰ组(P<0.05)。结果提示,断奶前饲喂颗粒开食料有利于促进犊牛小肠以及胰腺内消化酶的分泌,利于提高犊牛对饲料的消化利用率。 相似文献
19.
1. Activities of digestive enzymes in meat-type chickens under ad libitum or alternate-day feeding were determined from 14 to 83 d of age. 2. Final body weight of intermittently fed birds attained 75% of that of the ad libitum-fed controls. 3. When compared with the ad libitum-fed counterparts, a marked increase in the relative weight of the pancreas and intestinal contents were found on repletion days. On depletion days the relative weights of the pancreas and of the intestinal contents were about half those found in ad libitum-fed birds. 4. The activity of the digestive enzymes in the pancreas, expressed as U/g pancreas or U/kg body weight, was not affected consistently by the feeding regime. In the small intestine a marked increase in relative activity (U/kg body weight) was observed on repletion days and a marked decrease on depletion days as compared with ad libitum-fed controls. The activities per g intestinal contents following food restoration did not differ significantly from those of ad libitum-fed controls except for trypsin, which was higher in the former. On depletion days the activities per g intestinal contents were lowest, lipase excepted. 相似文献
20.
Effects of dietary protein and energy levels on digestive enzyme activities and electrolyte composition in the small intestinal fluid of geese 
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下载免费PDF全文 Jing Yang Lin Yang Yongchang Wang Shuangshuang Zhai Shenshen Wang Zhipeng Yang Wence Wang 《Animal Science Journal》2017,88(2):294-299
The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary protein and energy levels on digestive enzymes and electrolyte composition in jejunum of geese. A 3×3 factorial and completely randomized design was adopted with three protein levels and three energy levels. The experiment included four replicates for each treatment, and three geese for each replicate. Isovolumetric supernate from centrifugal jejuna fluid were mixed in each replicate. Activities of digestive enzymes and ions were analyzed. The results showed trypsin and chymotrypsin activities were significantly increased with increasing of dietary protein and energy levels (P<0.05). The concentrations of Ca2+ and pH value were significantly decreased by increased dietary protein and energy levels. However, no significant differences were found for the activities of amylase and cellulase, as well as the concentration of Na+ among groups with different protein and energy levels. In conclusion, digesta enzymes and electrolytes in the small intestine adapted to the protein and energy levels. The activities of protease, rather than amylase and cellulase were induced with increasing of protein and energy levels. The imbalance of positive and negative ions was possibly adjusted by the fluctuant concentrations of K+, Cl‐ and Ca2+ for maintaining normal physiological function. 相似文献