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1.
假如没有2005年10月底开始的一轮席卷全球的禽流感疫情,2005年对于我国的蛋鸡养殖业来说应该是一个非常完美的“丰收年”。蛋鸡养殖维持了近几年来最长时间的高盈利:2005年1～11月,主产区每只蛋鸡平均盈利14元左右,远高于5～10元/只的正常盈利水平,主产区鸡蛋平均批发价格5.26元/千克,高于4～4.4元/千克的成本线约0.8～1.2元/千克,养殖效益非常可观。究竟是哪些因素导致了2005年蛋鸡市场如此好的行情?2005年10月底的一轮禽流感疫情对蛋鸡市场产生了何种深度的影响?2006年我国蛋鸡市场又将走向何方?……笔者对以上几个热点问题进行了深入分析… 相似文献
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2005年我国蛋鸡业生产跌宕起伏,本文作者通过系列数据分析,对我国2005年蛋鸡业市场作了详细回顾,同时根据价格走势,展望了2006年蛋鸡业发展趋势,值得参考。 相似文献
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假如没有2005年10月底开始的一轮席卷全球的禽流感疫情,2005年,对于我国的蛋鸡养殖业来说应该是一个非常完美的“丰收年”。蛋鸡养殖维持了近几年来最长时间的高盈利:2005年1-11月,主产区每只蛋鸡平均盈利14元左右,远高于5-10元／只的正常盈利水平,主产区鸡蛋平均批发价格5．26元／kg,高于4-4．4元／kg的成本线约0．8-1．2元／kg,养殖效益非常可观。究竟是哪些因素导致了2005年蛋鸡市场如此好的行情?2005年10月底的一轮禽流感疫情对蛋鸡市场产生了何种深度的影响?2006年我国蛋鸡市场又将走向何方?笔者对以上几个热点问题进行了深入分析研究,供读者参考。 相似文献
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本文对2005年我国生猪、家禽市场整体走势进行了深入分析回顾,2005年我国生猪、家禽市场遭遇了“猪链球菌“”猪价暴跌“”禽流感”等事件。这些事件成为影响市场整体走势的转折点。生猪市场在经历了长达26个月的盈利期后,于2005年的10月份快速下跌至亏损线以下;蛋鸡市场在2005年10月底禽流感疫情之前,蛋鸡养殖处于平均盈利每只14元左右的高水平,禽流感的来临,强制性的将蛋鸡市场亏损期提前;肉鸡市场则因禽流感疫情,由低谷反弹转入“深度下跌”……本文还对2006年的生猪、家禽市场走势进行了预测。 相似文献
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《北方牧业》2006,(4):8-8,12
<正> 第一部分蛋鸡市场1 禽流感疫情对蛋鸡市场的影响评估1.1 禽流感疫情简况在2005年10月份,全球禽流感疫情频频爆发的背景下,2005年10月20日我国内蒙古呼和浩特发生禽流感疫情。随后,我国禽流感疫情迅速蔓延,总体来看,此次疫情来势凶猛,疫情发生密度大、频率高。并且发生人感染禽流感事件,造成了相当程度的恐慌。1.2 禽流感疫情对蛋鸡产业的影响此轮禽流感疫情对蛋鸡产业的影响主要通过以下3方面:(11主产省、疫区辽宁省的大量扑杀导致家禽存栏量下降:辽宁是我国第5大鸡蛋主产省,养殖密度非常高。仅黑山疫点半径3公里内便扑杀家禽600多万只。北宁市在11月6日发生H5N1亚型高致病性禽流感后扑杀家禽250.6万只。两周不到辽宁省便扑杀家禽 相似文献
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假如没有2005年10月底开始的一轮席卷全球的禽流感疫情，2005年对于我国的蛋鸡养殖业来说应该是一个非常完美的“丰收年”。蛋鸡养殖维持了近几年来最长时间的高盈利：2005年1-11月．主产区每只蛋鸡平均盈利14元左右，远高于5-10元／只的正常盈利水平；主产区鸡蛋平均批发价格5．26元／kg，高于4～4．4元／kg的成本线约0．8～1．2元／kg， 相似文献
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2004年我国禽蛋市场经历了历史上罕见的大起大落局面。鸡蛋主产区鸡蛋平均出厂价格在禽流感疫情的影响下呈现出明显的“节日效应”即:节前上涨、节后下跌的变化特点,震荡区间为 3.8～6.8元 /千克,涨跌幅度达2.5～3.0元/千克!其本质原因在于供应变化较小,而节前、节后需求变化较大。进入2005年后禽蛋市场将如何变化?我国家禽市场将会怎样?禽蛋市场的变化对饲料业有何影响?笔者对此提出几点个人观点,供读者参考。 (一)“禽流感”将是影响2005年我国禽蛋市场最主要的未知因素 之所以将“禽流感”列为影响2005年我国禽蛋市场的最… 相似文献
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2008年的中国蛋鸡市场在延续了2007年的波澜起伏的同时．经历了比2007年更为严峻的考验。从2007年底饲料涨价造成蛋鸡和蛋种鸡的集中淘汰到2008年上半年豆粕的涨价,饲料原料的价格变动严重影响着国内蛋鸡行业的发展：鸡蛋三聚氰胺事件．把蛋鸡行业推向了媒体和公众关注的焦点．赋予在波动中艰难前行的蛋鸡行业太多的象征符号：疫病在2008年冬天的流行再一次将蛋鸡行业推向了一个风口浪尖。疫病本身对生产、流通市场的直接冲击和因发生人感染禽流感死亡报道对禽蛋消费市场的间接打压,使得鸡蛋及淘汰鸡价格在低位徘徊,交易量大幅减少,种禽生产萎缩,蛋鸡生产出现亏损,养殖农户补栏积极性下降：全球性的经济危机带来的各种冲击更是让在波动中艰难前行的蛋鸡行业步履维艰。中国畜牧业协会禽业分会就目前我国祖代、父母代和商品代蛋鸡等方面共同分析一下2008年蛋鸡市场状况及2009年的市场走势。 相似文献
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江苏蛋鸡生产很有特色，它代表了老的发达区在新的市场条件下生存发展的典型。我们主要分析江苏特点和它的市场波动预测两大部分。现分述如下： 一．江苏省蛋鸡生产特点 应读者要求，现回答有关我国蛋鸡生产大省一江苏省蛋鸡特点。 １．江苏是我国十大蛋鸡生产省之一：１９９８年全国鲜蛋产量是２０１８．５万吨，比去年增加 ６． ５％。当然，第一的是山东，江苏是第四，年生产１５７．１万吨，占全国产量的８％，是我国蛋鸡商品基地。它影响大城市的蛋鸡供应和市场价格，地位十分重要。 ２．江苏是蛋价格最低的省份：六月份江苏的鸡蛋价是… 相似文献
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The prevalence of Salmonella in fresh pork cuttings in Denmark in the years 2002 and 2006 was investigated at retail and compared with the retail supply pattern. A total of 1025 and 3473 samples were taken in 2002 from butcher's shops and supermarkets, respectively. The corresponding numbers in 2006 were 259 from butchers' shops and 628 from supermarkets. In 2002, 1.2% of all samples were positive for Salmonella; butchers' shops and supermarkets had 1.8% and 1.0% positive samples, respectively. The overall prevalence in 2006 was 4.2%, with prevalence of 8.1% and 2.6% for butchers' shops and supermarkets, respectively. Hence, increases around 3- to 5-fold were found. There was neither observed any parallel increase in Salmonella positive carcasses in Danish slaughterhouses during the study period, nor were any changes in supply routes towards slaughterhouses with higher prevalence observed, which could explain the apparent increase. We hypothesize that hygiene levels and ability to avoid cross-contamination and prevent growth of the organism, in the meat processing chain after slaughter were the most likely responsible factors. Results from this study indicate that the hygiene performance, particularly at retail, has a significant impact on the occurrence of Salmonella. This implies that there is no direct link between slaughterhouse Salmonella surveillance data and the level of Salmonella contamination at retail. To improve risk assessment of Salmonella in fresh pork meat, this study underlines the need for comprehensive retail data. 相似文献
13.
Helminth and protozoan parasites in dogs and cats in Belgium 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
This study investigates the level of helminthic and protozoal infestation over the last 10 years in strays, well-cared-for dogs and cats. Determination of the prevalence of infections was based either on faecal examination or on worm counts at necropsy. Of 2324 faecal flotations (NaCl sp.gr. 1.20) of stray dogs, 34.2% had eggs or proglottids of one or more worm species consisting of Toxocara canis (17.4%), Toxascaris leonina (10.1%), Uncinaria stenocephala (11.4%), Trichuris vulpis (7.0%) and cestodes (2.1%). Isospora oocysts were observed in 5.2% of the dogs. The data on the distribution of the various worm species in the positive dogs indicate that T. canis eggs were by far the most common (50.9%). Necropsy data from 212 infected dogs indicate that 38.9% were infected with T. canis and 33.7% with T. leonina. The overall prevalence of worm infestation of 246 well-cared-for kennel dogs, based on worm egg counts by the McMaster technique, was 36.1%. Of 30 feline faecal samples examined by flotation, 83.3% were positive for parasites, including Toxocara cati (60%), Ancylostoma tubaeformae (36.6%), Taenia (Hydatigera) taeniaeformis (20%) and coccidia (30%). Toxocara cati was the most frequently found worm species at the necropsy of 25 cats (52%). Toxoplasma was not observed. 相似文献
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Yong Wu Na-Jiao Zhao Yan Cao Zhuo Sun Qin Wang Zhao-Ying Liu Zhi-Liang Sun 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》2020,43(2):208-214
Sanguinarine (SA) is a benzo[c] phenanthridine alkaloid which has a variety of pharmacological properties. However, very little was known about the pharmacokinetics of SA and its metabolite dihydrosanguinarine (DHSA) in pigs. The purpose of this work was to study the intestinal metabolism of SA in vitro and in vivo. Reductive metabolite DHSA was detected during incubation of SA with intestinal mucosa microsomes, cytosol, and gut flora. After oral (p.o.) administration of SA, the result showed SA might be reduced to DHSA in pig intestine. After i.m. administration, SA and DHSA rapidly increased to reach their peak concentrations (Cmax, 30.16 ± 5.85, 5.61 ± 0.73 ng/ml, respectively) at 0.25 hr. Both compounds were completely eliminated from the plasma after 24 hr. After single oral administration, SA and DHSA rapidly increased to reach their Cmax (3.41 ± 0.36, 2.41 ± 0.24 ng/ml, respectively) at 2.75 ± 0.27 hr. The half-life (T1/2) values were 2.33 ± 0.11 hr and 2.20 ± 0.12 hr for SA and DHSA, respectively. After multiple oral administration, the average steady-state concentrations (Css) of SA and DHSA were 3.03 ± 0.39 and 1.42 ± 0.20 ng/ml. The accumulation indexes for SA and DHSA were 1.21 and 1.11. The work reported here provides important information on the metabolism sites and pharmacokinetic character of SA. It explains the reasons for low toxicity of SA, which is useful for the evaluation of its performance. 相似文献
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Chlortetracycline in swine-bioavailability and pharmacokinetics in fasted and fed pigs 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
C. R. KILROY W. F. HALL D. P. BANE R. F. BEVILL G. D. KORITZ 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》1990,13(1):49-58
Chlortetracycline hydrochloride was administered intra-arterially (11 mg/kg) and as an oral drench (33 mg/kg) to ten 21.0-31.5-kg pigs. Five of the pigs were fasted 18 h prior to dosing and five of the pigs were fed ad libitum prior to dosing. The mean volume of distribution determined by area-under-the-curve calculations for the fasted pigs (0.967 +/- 0.210 l/kg) was significantly less (P less than 0.05) than the mean volume of distribution for the fed pigs (1.39 +/- 0.31 l/kg). Mean total body clearance of the drug was also significantly less (P less than 0.05) in the fasted pigs (0.165 +/- 0.055 l/kg/h) as compared to the fed pigs (0.307 +/- 0.053 l/kg/h). The elimination constants (beta) were not found to be statistically different (P less than 0.05): 0.1811 +/- 0.0057 for the fasted pigs; 0.2260 +/- 0.0461 for the fed pigs. The bioavailability for both groups was similar; 19.12 +/- 8.3% for the fasted pigs and 17.88 +/- 5.3% for the fed pigs. In a second experiment three groups of six pigs which weighed 34.5-44.1 kg were fed a corn-soy diet ad libitum. The rations were fortified with chlortetracycline at 100, 400 or 1000 mg chlortetracycline hydrochloride/kg feed. Chlortetracycline concentrations were determined in plasma samples collected over a 6-day period. Plasma chlortetracycline concentrations reach a plateau within 24 h after initial access to the trial diets and were highly correlated with the dose of the drug consumed (r2 = 0.97). 相似文献
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b. bengtsson s-o. jacobsson j. luthman & a. franklin 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》1997,20(4):258-261
Concentrations of penicillin-G in serum were determined after single intravenous doses of potassium penicillin-G (10 mg/kg body wt) to ewes and cows in late pregnancy and in early lactation. Penicillin-G in serum was analysed by a microbiological method and pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by model-independent methods. Serum concentrations were lower in early lactation than in late pregnancy in both ewes and cows. The differences were statistically significant at most sampling times in ewes but only during the first hour in cows.
Weight corrected values of clearance and volume of distribution were significantly higher in early lactation than in late pregnancy in both ewes and cows. Mean residence time and elimination-half life were shorter in lactating than in pregnant ewes, however for the latter parameter the difference was not statistically significant. Neither of these parameters changed in cows.
It is concluded that in both ewes and cows pharmacokinetic parameters of penicillin-G are altered from late pregnancy to early lactation but that these changes have little practical impact and do not call for a revised dosage regime of the studied drug. 相似文献
Weight corrected values of clearance and volume of distribution were significantly higher in early lactation than in late pregnancy in both ewes and cows. Mean residence time and elimination-half life were shorter in lactating than in pregnant ewes, however for the latter parameter the difference was not statistically significant. Neither of these parameters changed in cows.
It is concluded that in both ewes and cows pharmacokinetic parameters of penicillin-G are altered from late pregnancy to early lactation but that these changes have little practical impact and do not call for a revised dosage regime of the studied drug. 相似文献
17.
The study deals with the situation regarding housing of dogs and cats in Swiss shelters and kennels. In shelters, dogs were mainly held inside a cubicle with a small outside yard. In kennels, housing of dogs took place mainly in inside rooms. Usually two or three dogs were kept together. Cats were held in rooms, with or without outside yards, mainly in groups; no establishment preferred exclusively the housing in cubicles. Shelters received on average 183 dogs and 262 cats each year. Among them, about a third were lost animals while the remaining ones were relinquished. The study highlights some possibilities for improvements and the great diversity of the establishments regarding their size, infrastructure, housing conditions and aims. 相似文献
18.
Rectal swabs were collected from 437 household and 491 stray dogs in northern Taiwan from May 2003 to June 2005 to investigate
the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibilities of salmonellae and campylobacters. The results revealed that 2.1% of household
dogs and 6.3% of stray dogs were positive for salmonellae, with Salmonella Duesseldorf being the most dominant serotype in both. Additionally, 2.7% of the household dogs and 23.8% of the stray dogs
were positive for campylobacters. Campylobacter jejuni was the most prevalent species (86.8%), followed by C. upsaliensis (9.3%) and C. coli (3.9%). Both salmonella and campylobacter isolation rates from the stray dogs were significantly higher than those from the
household dogs (p < 0.01). The susceptibility of 33 C. jejuni isolates to eight antimicrobials was studied by the E-test. A high rate of resistance was observed to azithromycin (93.9%), clindamycin (87.9%), erythromycin (81.8%), tetracycline
(78.8%), chloramphenicol (69.7%), nalidixic acid (51.5%), gentamicin (33.3%), and ciprofloxacin (18.2%). The susceptibility
of 40 Salmonella isolates to 15 antimicrobials was also studied by the disc-diffusion method. All the Salmonella isolates were susceptible to ciprofloxacin and ceftriaxone. Resistance was observed most frequently to tetracycline (77.5%),
chloramphenicol (52.5%), and ampicillin (50%). 相似文献
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