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1.
为探究同域分布的有蹄类动物活动节律及其季节性差异,2017年3月—2019年5月,利用红外相机技术在江西桃红岭梅花鹿国家级自然保护区对有蹄类动物开展野外监测。在15 208个相机有效工作日中,共拍摄到梅花鹿（Cervus nippon）、野猪（Sus scrofa）和小麂（Muntiacus reevesi） 3种有蹄类动物,相对丰富度依次为3.90%、9.72%和39.59%。年活动格局分析表明,梅花鹿和野猪在4月相对丰富度最高,小麂在5月和7月相对丰富度最高,三者均在12月相对丰富度最低。核密度估计和重叠系数的分析结果表明：（1）在日活动节律上,梅花鹿属于夜间活动为主、晨昏活动为辅类型,野猪与小麂同属于以晨昏活动为主、昼间活动为辅类型。（2）梅花鹿日活动节律存在明显的季节性变化,春季与夏季的重叠系数最高（Δ=0.83）。野猪与小麂日活动节律无明显的季节性变化。（3）不同物种日活动节律的重叠系数存在差异。野猪与小麂的日活动模式高度重叠,但与梅花鹿的活动高峰基本错开。研究揭示了3种有蹄类动物的活动节律及其季节性差异,为深入开展同域分布有蹄类物种的共存机制奠定了基础。  相似文献   

2.
为比较种鹅在不同养殖模式下的繁殖性能差异,将2 700只"江南白鹅"父母代种鹅随机分为3组,分别采用旱养、小水池、大水面三种饲养模式,记录种鹅产蛋量和种蛋受精率等。结果显示:池塘组和小水池组的产蛋高峰期产蛋率极显著高于旱养组(P0.01),旱养组活胚率极显著低于池塘组(P0.01),三种饲养模式间种蛋受精率差异不显著(P0.05),池塘组死胚率极显著低于旱养组和小水池组(P0.01);旱养组孵化率显著低于小水池组(P0.05),旱养组孵化率极显著低于池塘组(P0.01),小水池组与池塘组间孵化率差异不显著(P0.05)。因此,在节水饲养模式下,还需要研究配套的饲养技术,减少死胚率,提高种蛋活胚率。  相似文献   

3.
为探讨斑嘴野鸭在圈养模式下的行为习性,制订福利式的饲养方法,合理开发利用这一优良品种,研究采用Media Record进行跟踪记录,并用Observer XT(11.5)行为学软件对斑嘴野鸭的行为进行定义,对行为时间分配和持续时间进行统计分析。结果表明:斑嘴野鸭白天主要以站立(0.297 8)为主,其次是卧立(0.275 1),插翅(0.154 3)、理羽(0.072 2)、摆头(0.066 3)、伸头(0.057 1)、采食(0.024 9)、行走(0.018 8)、饮水(0.009 9)和摆尾(0.001 4)、爪抓(0.004 6)等行为所占比例较少。休息时间在12:00—13:00达到明显峰值,9:00—10:00和15:00—16:00是全天活动高峰期。理毛高峰出现在13:00—16:00,采食高峰出现在13:00—14:00。饮水曲线趋于平缓,饮水高峰出现在8:00—9:00和14:00—15:00。站立高峰在9:00—10:00和15:00—16:00,11:00—12:00达到峰谷。对28种行为类型之间的逻辑紧密度转换关系的分析结果表明,摆头与插翅和理羽有一定相关性,卧立与站立、站立与行走、伸头与摆头具有相关性,其他行为之间没有逻辑转换关系。相关分析结果表明,戏水与快走、饮水与警觉以及摆爪与连续点头呈极显著正相关(分别为R=0.981,R=1.000,R=1.000;P0.01),卧立与站立和点头以及采食与飞翔之间呈极显著负相关(分别为R=-0.996,R=-0.895,R=-0.965;P0.01)。  相似文献   

4.
2017年4～6月根据系统搜寻法和对亲鸟衔草叼虫等行为的观察,在弄岗搜寻鸟巢。幼鸟离巢后,将巢取回。对取回的黑枕王鹟(n=8)、黄腹山鹪莺(n=4)、长尾缝叶莺(n=5)、黄腹花蜜鸟(n=4)和凤头鹀(n=5)共计26巢的结构特征和巢材组分进行分析,发现:凤头鹀巢内外直径和巢杯容积均极显著大于另外4种(P <0. 01)。另4种中,黑枕王鹟体型稍大,但巢大小无明显差异。体型越大的鸟筑的巢越大,但巢类型和巢材属性也会影响巢大小。巢材选择是筑巢中的重要环节,鸟类根据利弊权衡和所处环境调整巢材种类,在弄岗,雨水是鸟类利用巢材的主要选择压力。  相似文献   

5.
为了研究不同饲养条件下家兔行为时间分配和活动规律,试验随机选取48只家兔,采用全事件取样法和目标动物观察法对散养和笼养家兔行为的时间分配和活动规律进行比较研究。结果表明:在行为时间分配方面,笼养家兔的休息、修饰和啃咬行为极显著高于散养家兔(P0.01);而散养家兔运动和其他行为则极显著高于笼养家兔(P0.01);笼养家兔摄食行为时间显著高于散养家兔(P0.05)。在活动规律方面,笼养条件下休息有三个高峰期(06:00—07:00、12:00—13:00和17:00—18:00),摄食和运动有两个明显高峰期(分别在07:00—08:00和14:00—15:00),修饰和啃咬行为两个高峰期比摄食高峰期稍滞后1 h;而散养条件下休息、修饰和啃咬无明显高峰期,只有摄食和运动在06:00—07:00和17:00—18:00时出现了两个明显高峰期。说明笼养和散养条件下家兔的行为时间分配及日活动规律存在较大差异。  相似文献   

6.
野猪和杂种猪血清淀粉酶活性的测定   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
对青海省多巴镇猪场的12头野猪及20头杂种猪血清淀粉酶(AMY)活性进行了测定.结果为:1.野猪血清AMY活性(355.56IIU/L)极显著低于杂种猪血清AMY活性(621.22IIU/L)(P＜0.05);2.野猪、杂种猪的血清AMY活性不存在性别、日龄间差异不显著(P＞0.05).  相似文献   

7.
圈养条件下小熊猫指名亚种雨季的活动规律   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  
2008年89月,在姚家坪小熊猫繁育基地采用目标取样法和瞬时扫描取样法对19只圈养小熊猫指名亚种的活动规律进行了研究。结果表明:小熊猫雨季每天大部分时间用于休息(48%),其次是摄食(17%)和活动(14%),标记占10%,其他行为分配的时间较短。在行为节律上,休息行为所占比例最高,出现2个休息高峰,分别为10:009月,在姚家坪小熊猫繁育基地采用目标取样法和瞬时扫描取样法对19只圈养小熊猫指名亚种的活动规律进行了研究。结果表明:小熊猫雨季每天大部分时间用于休息(48%),其次是摄食(17%)和活动(14%),标记占10%,其他行为分配的时间较短。在行为节律上,休息行为所占比例最高,出现2个休息高峰,分别为10:0011:00、13:0011:00、13:0015:00时;活动行为在16:00和19:00时形成波峰;摄食有3个高峰,分别为9:00、11:00和20:00时,标记行为在9:00、16:00、19:00和20:00时出现频率较高;梳理行为只在17:0015:00时;活动行为在16:00和19:00时形成波峰;摄食有3个高峰,分别为9:00、11:00和20:00时,标记行为在9:00、16:00、19:00和20:00时出现频率较高;梳理行为只在17:0019:00时超过10%;其他行为所占比率较低。不同年龄组间小熊猫的行为时间分配有差异,老年在休息行为上明显高于幼年和成年,约占总行为的70%;幼年的活动行为高于成年及老年;成年的修饰及标记行为明显高于幼年和老年。  相似文献   

8.
基因组中的基因和基因密码子组成不同使柞蚕核型多角体病毒(ApNPV)与家蚕核型多角体病毒(BmNPV)间不能交叉感染。通过计算有效密码子数(ENc)、相对同义密码子使用度(RSCU)、GC含量、GC3s含量、密码子适应指数(CAI),比较分析ApNPV和BmNPV同义密码子使用模式差异。ApNPV和BmNPV的密码子偏好性均较弱,但二者的ENc值和GC含量差异显著;除碱基组成外,还存在其它因素影响密码子使用模式,但各影响因素的贡献率均较低,在基于密码子使用频率的对应分析中BmNPV的第1、第2向量轴贡献率均低于ApNPV;ApNPV的基因表达水平与GC含量、GC3s含量以及ENc值极显著相关(r分别为0.418、0.735、-0.628,P=0.000),而BmNPV的基因表达水平只与GC3s含量呈弱相关(r=0.214,P=0.010)。分析结果显示,ApNPV和BmNPV的密码子偏好性虽均较弱,但同义密码使用模式及其影响因素存在差异。  相似文献   

9.
研究旨在对夏季四层层叠式笼养密闭式鸭舍环境参数进行测定与分析,以期为蛋鸭层叠式笼养舍环境控制提供参考。分别以开启10台、12台和14台风机四层层叠式笼养密闭式鸭舍为研究对象,使用风速测定仪和红外式气体检测仪于每天6∶00～8∶00、12∶00～14∶00和18∶00～20∶00对鸭舍水平方向不同位置的环境质量参数(包括温度、相对湿度、CO_2浓度和风速)进行测定。结果表明:夏季在采取纵向通风的模式下,四层层叠式笼养密闭式鸭舍平均温度为27.62℃、相对湿度为77.91%、CO_2浓度为483.81 mg/m~3、风速为1.47 m/s,不同测定点之间环境质量存在差异。相关分析结果表明:夏季鸭舍内温度与相对湿度呈极显著负相关(P0.01),与CO_2浓度和风速呈极显著正相关(P0.01);相对湿度与CO_2浓度和风速均呈极显著负相关(P0.01);CO_2浓度与风速呈极显著正相关(P0.01)。由此可见四层层叠式笼养密闭式鸭舍内不同位置环境质量参数存在差异,综合考虑能耗及舍内环境参数对蛋鸭产蛋性能的影响,开启12台风机可以取得最佳的舍内环境控制效果。  相似文献   

10.
孙会东  高赟 《草业科学》2014,31(6):1022-1027
通过调查临洮县南屏山、东山造林站区域植物群落中16种共同出现的种群生态位特征值,计测Shannon-Wiener生态位宽度和Petraitis特定重叠指数,并进行t测验。结果表明:1)两区域Shannon-Wiener生态位宽度特征值差异不显著,表明两个群落中种群竞争关系差异不显著,即资源位差异不显著,或尚未呈现资源不足;2)两区域Petraitis特定重叠指数特征值差异极显著,表明两个群落对资源的利用状况有极显著差异,即两种生态恢复模式的生态学效果差异极显著。3)不同群落中相同种群间的Shannn-Wiener生态位宽度和Petraitis特定重叠指数,可量化在不同强度干扰下植物群落中植物种群对资源的利用状况,可以利用生态位理论评价生态恢复效应,拓展生态恢复效应评价的结构体系。  相似文献   

11.
In order to optimize the production of embryos under tropical conditions and to test a possible seasonal effect on embryo quality, 40 Zebu cows were superovulated during the dry season (April to May) and during the rainy season (July to August). A total of 116 (average 2.7/cow) and 83 embryos (3.5 average/cow) were obtained during the respective seasons. After classification as good, fair or poor quality, embryos were tested based on their ultrastructural differences (n = 53 dry season 16 good, 20 fair and 17 poor and n = 61 rainy season 21 good, 20 fair and 20 poor) and their degree of apoptosis using the TUNEL technique (n = 30 during the dry season and n = 55 in the rainy season). Structural characteristics determining embryo quality varied between good and fair quality embryos. No difference, however, was observed between good, fair and poor quality embryos from the two seasons. The number of TUNEL-positive cells was different among embryos (p < 0.001), being lower in labelled cells of good quality embryos regardless of the season. Fewer apoptotic cells were observed in embryos assigned in all three quality levels during the rainy season (p < 0.001). Ultrastructural evaluations confirmed the results obtained by TUNEL. Cryopreserved embryos of good (n = 25 in each season) and fair quality (n = 11 dry season; n = 17 rainy season) showed a significant decrease of TUNEL-positive cells during the rainy season (p < 0.05). Results suggest that embryos collected in the dry season have more cellular damage in contrast; embryos cryopreserved in the rainy season appeared morphologically better equipped to result in a pregnancy following transfer.  相似文献   

12.
From measurements of rectal temperature (Tre) at 06:00h (06:00Tre) and at 14:00h (14:00Tre), meteorological stress was determined in six Yankasa ewes in terms of per cent rise of 14:00Tre over 06:00Tre reference values during the harmattan and hot-dry seasons. Absolute and mean Tre values were significantly higher (P<0.05) during the harmattan than the hot-dry season. In both seasons, mean 14:00Tre was significantly higher (P<0.01) than 06:00Tre. The mean diurnal difference between 14:00Tre and 06:00Tre, i.e. ΔTre was about 1°C during the harmattan but ranged between 0.5 and 0.7°C during the hot-dry season. All animals were observed to shiver during harmattan nights.  相似文献   

13.
We have identified the feed offered to native pigs in a case study of smallholder in northern Thailand. We examined the types and fresh weights of pig feed over two 10-day periods in household A, in September 2006 (rainy season) and in December 2006 and January 2007 (dry season). The study results are as follows. (1) They offered 18 types of feed in total during the rainy and dry seasons, of which seven types were common to the rainy and dry seasons, five types were offered during the rainy season only, and six types during the dry season only. (2) They offered agricultural products as 34% of feed (rainy season) and 61% of feed (dry season), and natural plants used exclusively for pig feed as 66% of feed (rainy season) and 39% of feed (dry season). (3) The feed combinations at each feeding time differed 80% of the time during both the rainy and dry seasons. These results show not only that they offered diverse combinations of agricultural products and natural plants as pig feed, but also that they changed feed kinds in both the rainy and dry seasons.  相似文献   

14.
Nutritive value of selected grasses in North Sumatra, Indonesia   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
The nutritive values of seven native grass species collected in North Sumatra, Indonesia, during dry and rainy seasons were evaluated. The chemical composition, in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD), in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD), in vitro crude protein digestibility (IVCPD), macro mineral concentrations of calcium, phosphorus and magnesium, in vitro gas production profile and metabolizable energy (ME) content of the grasses varied greatly among species and seasons. The crude protein content ranged from 6.6 (Andropogon gayanus) to 16.2% dry matter (Cynodon plectostachyus) in the rainy season, with a significant (P < 0.05) reduction in the dry season. Data on the fiber fraction showed that the grasses contained more neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) in the dry season and it significantly (P < 0.05) decreased in the rainy season, except for Panicum maximum and Pennisetum purpureum for NDF content and C. plectostachyus, P. maximum and Brachiaria decumbens for ADF content. Data on the mineral concentration showed that C. plectostachyus in the dry and rainy seasons had a higher calcium content than those of other species. The overall means of the seven grasses for IVDMD, IVOMD and IVCPD were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in the rainy season than in the dry season. The in vitro gas production and ME concentration were numerically higher in the rainy season than in the dry season. In conclusion, the nutritive value of the observed grasses in North Sumatra was relatively higher during the rainy season compared with the dry season. Among the species of grass, P. purpureum and C. plectostachyus had a higher nutritive value in both the dry and rainy seasons.  相似文献   

15.
This study evaluated the nutritional interrelationship between the growing and finishing phases of crossbred cattle in determining their performance. One hundred and eight animals were used (8 months old, body weight [BW] 211 ± 20 kg). During the dry season, the animals received one of the following supplements: a mineral plus urea supplement (ad libitum, MSD), a protein supplement (1 g/kg BW per day, PR1), or a protein-energy supplement (5 g/kg BW per day, PE). During the rainy season, the animals received one of the following supplements: a mineral without urea supplement (ad libitum, MSR), a protein supplement (1 g/kg BW per day, PR2), or PE (5 g/kg BW per day). The experimental design was completely randomized using a 3 × 3 factorial scheme (for the rainy season) and a 3 × 3 × 2 factorial scheme (for the finishing phase). The supplementation and finishing systems were considered to be the treatments, and the animals were considered to be the experimental units. Dry season supplementation did not affect the average daily gain (ADG) during the rainy season (P = 0.12) or the finishing phase (P = 0.73). An increase in the level of rainy season supplementation reduced ADG by 12% during the finishing phase (P < 0.06). Providing PE during the dry and rainy seasons led to the animals being slaughtered 17 (P = 0.06) and 30 (P < 0.01) days earlier, respectively. Our results indicate that supplementation during the dry season (under poor-quality pasture conditions) does not affect the performance during the rainy season or the finishing phase. Furthermore, while providing PE during the rainy season can reduce ADG during finishing, the higher BW at the beginning of the finishing phase is sufficient to reduce the time of the finishing period.  相似文献   

16.
The ovarian activities of 7 jennies were studied by serial ultrasonography during seasons of higher and lower sexual activity to determine if follicular development also corresponds to this pattern. The current study showed a seasonal pattern of ovarian activities related to the local environmental factors associated with each season rather than photoperiod, which is the widely known environmental cue determining seasonality in most equines. Jennies produced large numbers of follicles (11.3 follicles) during the long rainy season, compared with the 7.3 and 9.6 follicles during the dry and short rainy seasons, respectively. However, production of larger preovulatory follicles (37.8 ± 1.7 mm vs 31.0 ± 2.7 mm of the dry and 33.2 ± 2.7 mm of the long rainy seasons) and higher incidence of ovulation (77.8%) occurred during the short rainy season. Jennies had shorter interovulatory intervals during the season of higher (short rainy) than the season of lower (dry season) sexual activity. The short rain transition is characterized by higher follicular activity compared with the long rainy transition, indicating the presence of additional factors stimulating ovarian activity other than the mere availability of forage during the short rainy season.  相似文献   

17.
Forty sows comprising equal numbers of Landrace (LR) and Large White (LW) breeds were studied for 20 months to determine the effects of dry and rainy seasons on their fertility traits in Nigeria. Ambient temperature (14.0-35.5 degrees C) was lowest at night and highest in the day and peaked during the dry season. A relative humidity range of 60-82% peaked during the late rainy season. LR produced 218 and 278 piglets from 23 and 28 litters, while LW produced 193 and 316 piglets from 20 and 30 litters during dry and rainy seasons respectively. Fertility traits did not differ significantly between the breeds due to season (P greater than 0.05). Mean post-weaning oestrus at 10.9 and 9.0 days and preweaning mortality rates of 14.2% and 16.9% during dry and rainy seasons for LR differed significantly (P less than 0.5) from those of LW which were 12.2 and 8.2 days and 14.5% and 18.9% respectively. The significance of seasonal effects on sow fertility and necessary management techniques are discussed.  相似文献   

18.
This study was planned to study the herd composition, farming system, and reproductive traits and to evaluate the effect of season, stage of lactation and parity on milk production, and composition of camels kept under pastoral environment of central Punjab, Pakistan. Based on purposive sampling method, 50 herds belonging to small, medium, and large-sized herds were selected. From these herds, 1,137 she-camels were entered in this study and their composite milk samples were collected and analyzed through standard procedures to determine the milk yield and percentages of milk contents. The results showed that the male camels constituted a lesser percentage (p?相似文献   

19.
Serial ultrasonography was performed on seven jennies to study the effect of seasonally fluctuating body condition on ovarian activity during the dry, short rainy and long rainy seasons. Kendall Tau correlations and differences of least square mean values were compared. A distinct seasonal pattern was observed both in body condition and ovarian activity. The mean (+/-SD) Body Condition Score (BCS) was lowest during the dry season 2.6 +/- 0.45 when compared with 3.5 +/- 0.52 and 3.9 +/- 0.58 during the short and long rainy seasons, respectively. The mean (+/-SD) number of total follicles was also proportionally low 7.3 +/- 1.6 during the dry season compared with 9.6 +/- 2.4 and 11.3 +/- 3.3 found during the short and the long rainy seasons, respectively. The BCS was positively correlated to the total number of follicles and the diameter of the largest follicle during all seasons. Periods of increasing BCS and transition between seasons with both increasing and decreasing body conditions were strongly correlated to the number and size of ovarian follicles. Seasonal fluctuation in the body condition was found to be the result of variation in feed resource and ovarian activity was also closely following this seasonal pattern. The improvement in body condition has generally, a positive impact on emergence of small growing follicles there by having influence on the total count of ovarian follicles.  相似文献   

20.
Thirty-four 2-year-old ewes, of which 17 were native (Chokla) and 17 were Avivastra (Chokla 67.5%×32.5% Rambouillet) breeds of similar body weights, were selected. Both groups were maintained under the same management conditions with 8 hours daily grazing. In addition to grazing, each ewe received 300 g/day of a concentrate mixture comprising crude protein 20% and 70% total digestible nutrients. The ewes of both breeds were not mated during the study. The daily environmental parameters were recorded throughout the year, consisting of four main seasons, namely rainy, winter, spring and summer. Blood samples were collected into heparinized tubes during the morning hours for seasonal studies via indwelling jugular vein catheters to avoid stress to the animals, but for the diurnal studies the sampling was done twice daily at 07:00 and 17:00 continuously for three days in each season. Cortisol, thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) were estimated in the samples. The T4 and T3 profiles were maximal in the summer, followed by the rainy season in both groups, with no significant differences. However, the cortisol in both the groups was maximal during the spring rather than the summer. No significant differences were found in T3 concentration between morning and afternoon in any season in the native ewes but these animals showed significantly higher levels of T4 in the morning. The opposite was true for the crossbred animals with regard to both the T3 and T4 profiles. Significantly more cortisol was found in the evening than in the morning in both genetic groups in all seasons.  相似文献   

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