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选择某疑似非洲猪瘟(African swine fever, ASF)临床发病猪场3头病死仔猪，系统观察其眼观病变、组织病理学变化，检测非洲猪瘟病毒(ASFV)及其在不同组织中的分布。结果显示：发病死亡仔猪内脏器官广泛出血与肿大，其中以淋巴结与脾脏病变最为显著。内脏器官组织学病理变化以广泛性的充血、出血及炎性细胞浸润为主。实时荧光定量PCR与免疫组化显示脾脏、淋巴结、肝脏和肺脏中病毒载量较大，心脏、肾脏和脑次之。组织中的病毒载量与组织病变程度具有一定相关性，证明ASFV感染猪体全身组织，可造成严重的血液循环障碍与炎症反应，为该病发病机理研究提供了理论依据。 相似文献
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金良云 《畜牧兽医科技信息》2021,(1)
非洲猪瘟的主要感染源为非洲猪瘟病毒,其发病率和死亡率极高,同时具有很强的传染性,已对我国养猪业的发展造成了极大的影响。本文主要介绍对非洲猪瘟的综合防治措施,供参考。非洲猪瘟是由非洲猪病病毒感染引起的一种急性热性接触性传染症,临床特征是呼吸障碍、内脏器官和皮肤出血、体温高,发病率和死亡率极高。猪感染后虽然会出现高滴度抗体,但并无保护作用,当前并没有预防此病的疫苗和特效药物。该病是新传入我国的猪烈性传染病,对我国养猪业影响严重。为更好地防控该病,减少损失,本文重点介绍该病的防控措施,供参考。 相似文献
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非洲猪瘟发病过程急促,主要分急性、亚急性和慢性等,是一种急性烈性传染性疾病。该病发病后猪的发病率和死亡率非常高,主要表现为高烧、内脏出血、呼吸障碍和神经症状等。本文主要综述了非洲猪瘟的鉴别与防控,以期为该病的临床防治提供参考。 相似文献
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禄九永 《河南畜牧兽医(综合版)》2019,(6):49-50
据公开资料显示,非洲猪瘟是由非洲猪瘟病毒引起的猪的一种急性、热性、高度接触性动物传染病,以高热、网状内皮系统出血和高死亡率为特征。感染非洲猪瘟病毒的家猪、野猪(包括病猪、康复猪和隐性感染猪)和钝缘软蜱为主要传染源。主要通过接触非洲猪瘟病毒感染猪或非洲猪瘟病毒污染物——泔水、饲料、垫草、车辆等传播,消化道和呼吸道是主要的感染途径,也可经钝缘软蜱等媒介昆虫叮咬传播。 相似文献
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DENG Hua LI Hui YANG Hong ZHOU Zhaohai LIANG Haozhao XU Zhigao WU Fuda LI Qiaofeng HUANG Luqi 《畜牧兽医学报》1956,51(11):2836-2848
To study the clinicopathology and histopathology of African swine fever (ASF), and to explore the internal relationship between pathological changes and disease occurrence and development and its pathological mechanism, 13 Landrace pigs with bodyweight about 20 kg were intramuscular injected with African swine fever virus (ASFV), strain Pig/HLJ/18 at a dose of 102HAD50·mL-1. During the experiment, all the dead pigs were systematically dissected and sampled, paraffin sections were produced, and haematoxylin-eosin staining was performed. Clinicopathological evaluation standards for acute ASF were established, then pathological lesions (classification variables) were expressed by counting frequency and percentage, and the lesion degree (continuous variables) was graded and scored according to different pathological changes of various tissues and organs. The results showed that all infected pigs were in line with the clinical characteristics of ASF, including acute, febrile and highly infectious, with a 100% incidence rate and 100% mortality. The dead pigs showed typical characteristics of septicemia, cadavers prone to corruption, blood clotting adverse or hemolysis, rigor mortis incomplete. The main pathological lesions were hemorrhagic necrotizing lymphadenitis, acute inflammatory splenomegaly (septic spleen), cerebral edema, pulmonary edema and lung consolidation et al. The spleen and lymphonodus are the target organs attacked by ASFV, with the most significant lesions, the earliest occurrence time, the longest duration and the highest frequency. The most prominent pathological changes are blood circulation disorders, including multiple pathological manifestations such as edema, hyperemia, congestion, hemorrhage, infarction, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), and the most important characteristics are hemorrhagic lesions. The inflammatory reaction of lymphocytic exudation caused by ASFV runs through the whole process, especially in the middle and later stages of the course. The results suggest that the main pathological process of acute African swine fever is a typical immune/inflammatory cascade reaction and severe systemic blood circulation disorder, which resulted in the high incidence rate and high mortality rate of acute ASF. 相似文献
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非洲猪瘟（African swine fever,ASF）是由非洲猪瘟病毒（African swine fever virus,ASFV）引起的家猪和野猪的急性、出血性传染病,强毒株感染猪的致死率接近100%,给养猪业造成巨大经济损失。ASFV在猪群中可以快速有效传播,在环境中可稳定存在,为ASF的防控带来了挑战。研究人员一直致力于ASF疫苗的研究,迄今为止,仍没有有效的疫苗投入市场。综述了ASF灭活疫苗、减毒活疫苗、亚单位疫苗、DNA疫苗、病毒活载体疫苗的研究情况,以期为ASF疫苗的有效研发提供参考。 相似文献
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African swine fever (ASF) causes a contagious hemorrhagic disease in all ages of pigs without sex predilections. The objective of this study was to determine the age-related viral loads and severity of systemic pathological lesions among three different swine group ages (weaned pigs, fattening pigs, and sows) during a recent outbreak of acute ASF in Vietnam. Age-related viral loads were determined in 5 major organs (lung, liver, spleen, kidney, and lymph node) by immunohistochemistry as well as in the blood by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Age-related systemic pathological lesions were analyzed in the listed organs among three age groups.Weaned pigs had significantly (p < 0.05) higher levels of viral loads in their lung, liver, lymph nodes and blood than in those of fattening pigs and sows. Fattening pigs had significantly (p < 0.05) higher scores of macroscopic lung and lymphoid lesions, and microscopic liver lesions compared with those of weaned pigs and sows. The results of this study demonstrated that viral loads were age-related in acute naturally occurring ASF but the severity of pathological lesions was not correlated with the level of viral loads in the five major organs. 相似文献
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非洲猪瘟（African swine fever,ASF）是由非洲猪瘟病毒（African swine fever virus,ASFV）引起家猪的一种急性、出血性、高度接触性蜱传病毒病,可致家猪网状内皮系统出血及高死亡率,是危害世界养猪业健康发展最严重的传染病之一。ASFV是一种大型的DNA病毒,结构复杂,其基因组编码大量蛋白。该论文介绍了ASFV的特性,免疫应答机制如免疫逃逸、体液免疫和细胞免疫,以及基因工程疫苗如减毒活疫苗、亚单位疫苗、病毒载体活疫苗及DNA疫苗研究的最新进展,并对中国ASF的疫苗研制、防控进行了展望。 相似文献
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【目的】 在试验条件下研究非洲猪瘟病毒（African swine fever virus，ASFV）所致急性脑损伤及核因子κB （NF-κB）介导脑水肿发生的相关病理机制。【方法】 18头健康长白猪随机分为2组，攻毒组（13头）和对照组（5头），攻毒组肌内注射剂量为102HAD50/mL （HAD50：半数红细胞吸附量）的ASFV毒株Pig/HLJ/18，对照组注射等体积生理盐水，试验期为15 d。试验期间观察临床症状，剖检死亡猪并观察脑部病变；利用原位PCR检测进行病毒定位；HE染色及甲苯胺蓝染色观察脑组织病理变化；免疫组化染色法检测脑组织中肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、白介素-1β（IL-1β）、干扰素-γ（IFN-γ）、NF-κB、基质金属蛋白酶9（MMP-9）、水通道蛋白4（AQP-4）的表达。【结果】 攻毒组9头猪表现出临床神经症状，脑部剖检病变主要为脑膜充血和不同程度的脑实质水肿；ASFV主要位于脑部微血管中；病变早期主要为脑水肿，脑皮质区结构疏松、血管周围间隙增宽、神经元肿胀变圆、染色变淡，中后期除了表现脑水肿的特征外，还可见脑血管充血、多量微血栓形成及淋巴细胞浸润；免疫组化结果显示，攻毒组TNF-α、IL-1β、IFN-γ、NF-κB及MMP-9主要在神经元及胶质细胞中表达，AQP-4的阳性细胞主要是微血管周围的星形胶质细胞，与对照组相比，攻毒组上述6种因子的阳性表达率均极显著增高（P<0.01）。【结论】 急性非洲猪瘟脑损伤的主要表现为脑膜血管充血出血和脑实质水肿、组织学病变显示病毒性脑炎，ASFV感染脑部，促进炎性因子的异常高表达，通过激活NF-κB信号通路对TNF-α、IL-1β、IFN-γ的转录进行调控，使这几种炎性因子的产生和释放增多，扩大炎症反应，影响血脑屏障的通透性，还能上调MMP-9与AQP-4的表达，破坏血脑屏障，促进脑水肿的发生发展。 相似文献
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Molecular characterization of African swine fever virus from domestic pigs in northern Tanzania during an outbreak in 2013 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Gerald Misinzo David E. Kwavi Christopher D. Sikombe Mariam Makange Emma Peter Amandus P. Muhairwa Michael J. Madege 《Tropical animal health and production》2014,46(7):1199-1207
African swine fever (ASF) is an acute, highly contagious and deadly viral hemorrhagic fever of domestic pigs caused by African swine fever virus (ASFV), a double-stranded DNA virus of the family Asfarviridae. In this study, molecular diagnosis and characterization of outbreak ASFV in northern Tanzania, was performed on spleen, lymph node, kidney, and heart samples collected in June and July 2013 from domestic pigs that died during a hemorrhagic disease outbreak. Confirmatory diagnosis of ASF was performed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) by partial amplification of B646L gene of ASFV encoding the major capsid protein p72 using PPA1/PPA2 primers. PCR using PPA1/PPA2 primers produced an expected PCR product size, confirming ASF outbreak in northern Tanzania. In addition, nucleotide amplification and sequencing, and phylogenetic reconstruction of the variable 3′-end of the B646L gene and complete E183L gene encoding the inner envelope transmembrane protein p54 showed that the 2013 outbreak ASFV from northern Tanzania were 100 % identical and clustered into ASFV B646L (p72) and E183L (p54) genotype X. Furthermore, the tetrameric amino acid repeats within the central variable region (CVR) of the B602L gene coding for the J9L protein had the signature BNBA(BN)5NA with a single novel tetramer NVDI (repeat code N). The results of the present study confirm an ASF outbreak in northern Tanzania in the year 2013 and show that the present outbreak ASFV is closely related to other ASFV from ticks, warthogs, and domestic pigs previously reported from Tanzania. 相似文献
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非洲猪瘟(African swine fever,ASF)是由非洲猪瘟病毒(African swine fevervirus,ASFV)引起家猪或野猪的一种急性、烈性、高度接触性传染病。临床上以不明原因死亡、高热、网状内皮系统出血及脾肿大且质脆为主要特征。该病的致死率最高可达100%,是一种传播速度极快、危害性极强的传染病。就非洲猪瘟的流行病学、实验室诊断方法及防控措施进行综述,以期为非洲猪瘟综合防控提供参考。 相似文献
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非洲猪瘟(ASF)自2018年8月在我国暴发,对养猪业构成巨大威胁.该病是由非洲猪瘟病毒(ASFV)引起的家养猪高热、急性和高死亡率的出血症和淋巴组织坏死症;认识和了解病原ASFV与宿主的相互作用是理解致病机制的基础和疫病防控的前提.本文对ASFV与宿主细胞受体和内体系统的互作、基因转录和蛋白合成系统的互作、细胞凋亡和内质网应激系统的互作、天然免疫干扰素应答系统的互作、抗原递呈细胞的互作五个方面现有研究进展进行综述;并试图在此基础上理解ASFV的免疫保护和免疫逃逸作用,思考ASFV与宿主互作中需要回答的问题,为研制保护性疫苗和深入认识ASF致病机制提供线索. 相似文献