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《中国畜牧杂志》2015,(12)
对来自北京市某规模牛场中的原料乳样、乳房涂抹样、粪便样进行了细菌的分离纯化,并通过15种常见抗生素的药敏试验分析耐药菌类型,用以指导奶牛乳房炎治疗过程的用药。试验发现,所分离的菌株对万古霉素、氧氟沙星等高度敏感,对青霉素、头孢曲松、头孢噻肟等高度耐药,在高度耐药性菌株中选取26株进行16S r RNA分子鉴定,主要是葡萄球菌属(Staphylococcus)、肠球菌属(Enterococcus)、肠杆菌属(Enterobacter)、埃希氏菌属(Escherichia)及其他芽孢菌属等,运用MEGA6软件对其进行同源性分析,发现亲缘关系较近的菌株具有相似的耐药性。 相似文献
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《黑龙江畜牧兽医》2016,(2)
为调查四川省凉山州健康奶牛肠道不同细菌的耐药情况,课题组成员从2013年起采集不同奶牛场健康奶牛粪便样本,按细菌常规分离、鉴定方法对粪便样本中的大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和肠球菌进行了分离、纯化及鉴定,采用纸片扩散法测定各分离菌对不同抗菌药物的敏感性。结果表明:从198份粪便样本中共获得294株菌株,其中大肠杆菌138株、金黄色葡萄球菌51株、肠球菌105株;分离菌株中大肠杆菌、肠球菌对多数抗菌药物呈低水平耐药(耐药率低于30%);金黄色葡萄球菌则表现出较高的耐药性。说明凉山州健康奶牛胃肠道主要的共生菌(大肠杆菌、肠球菌)耐药情况不严重,但金黄色葡萄球菌的耐药状况比较严重,应加强对金黄色葡萄球菌耐药性监测,奶牛养殖业应谨慎使用抗菌药物。 相似文献
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《中国预防兽医学报》2016,(6)
为分离及种属鉴定引起牛乳腺炎相关的链球菌和肠球菌,本研究于兰州及周边地区采集疑似奶牛乳腺炎乳样382份,通过THB(Todd-Hewitt Broth)固体选择培养基初步分离到67株疑似链球菌或疑似肠球菌。参照已发表文献合成链球菌属16S r RNA和16S~23S r RNA间隔区基因引物序列,扩增分离菌株16S~23S r RNA间隔区序列,产物分别利用AluⅠ和RsaⅠ单酶切消化,并以参考菌株的16S~23S r RNA酶切图谱为参考,对分离株进行限制性片段多态性(RFLP)分类分析;再选取各RFLP类群的任一菌株,扩增其16S r RNA基因并测序,并经NCBI核酸数据库进行比对,结果显示67株疑似链球菌中有53株为粪肠球菌(79.1%)、3株为屎肠球菌(4.5%)、3株为肠道肠球菌(4.5%)、8株为无乳链球菌(11.9%)。结果表明肠球菌属细菌(粪肠球菌、肠道肠球菌、屎肠球菌)与兰州市及周边地区奶牛乳腺炎的发病紧密相关,肠球菌属细菌与链球菌属细菌16S r RNA基因同源性很高,但可以通过分子生物学方法准确区分。 相似文献
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从1羽发病雏鸡中分离到1株溶血性革兰氏阳性球菌。初步分离鉴定后经攻毒试验能够造成小白鼠和雏鸡死亡,具有致病性。药敏试验表明,该菌对多种药物均表现耐药性,仅对庆大霉素、青霉素、氧氟沙星敏感。通过BLAST软件分析该菌株的16S rRNA序列,确定该致病性细菌为粪肠球菌。 相似文献
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为研究我国猪源肠球菌的耐药情况,本研究采集18个省市猪养殖场的粪便样品836份进行了肠球菌的分离鉴定,并通过琼脂稀释法测定11种抗菌药物的最小抑菌浓度。结果显示:从836份样品中共分离出225株肠球菌,其中屎肠球菌106株,粪肠球菌56株,小肠肠球菌34株,鹑鸡肠球菌17株,铅黄肠球菌7株,坚忍肠球菌4株,Enterococcus thailandicus 1株。所有的肠球菌对被检抗菌药物耐药程度由高到低依次是四环素(98.2%)、阿米卡星(94.7%)、多西环素(89.3%)、米诺环素(88.9%)、氟苯尼考(88.4%)、红霉素(86.2%)、环丙沙星(63.1%)、氨苄西林(33.8%)、氯霉素(29.8%),未检测到万古霉素和利奈唑胺耐药菌株。除氨苄西林、万古霉素、利奈唑胺外,粪肠球菌对其余8种被检抗菌药物耐药率均高于屎肠球菌。小肠肠球菌对阿米卡星、红霉素、四环素、多西环素、米诺环素5种抗菌药物的耐药率高于屎肠球菌。肠球菌的多重耐药情况集中在6耐、7耐和8耐,占肠球菌总数的72.9%。本研究表明我国猪源肠球菌对常见抗菌药物耐药率较高,应引起更多关注。 相似文献
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《广东饲料》2017,(5)
肠道微生物群在宿主健康和动物营养消化中发挥重要作用。益生菌可通过调节肠道微生态改善动物健康和生长性能,已成为抗生素的有效替代品之一。本课题组前期研究结果表明,用粪肠球菌UC-100替代抗生素,能改善断奶仔猪的生长性能和健康。为探明饲喂粪肠球菌UC-100替代抗生素对猪肠道末端微生物菌群的影响,本研究应用16S rRNA测序检测了不同日粮处理(基础日粮组、粪肠球菌组和抗生素组)的猪第0、14和28天粪便微生物群。结果表明,21个门和137个属的细菌为所有猪共有,但有12个属的细菌为粪肠球菌组在14和28天粪便中特有。与基础日粮组相比,粪肠球菌组第28天粪便中的细菌丰度和多样性、抗生素组的细菌多样性均显著降低,尤其是纤维杆菌门和12属细菌的丰度。这些结果表明,日粮添加粪肠球菌引起的猪肠道末端的微生物菌群变化与日粮添加抗生素的反应类似。 相似文献
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为了解鲜牛奶中细菌的分布情况及其对抗生素的敏感状况,实验对30份采自河北张家口地区某养殖场的新鲜无菌牛奶进行细菌分离鉴定,并分别用青霉素(16μg/ml)、氯霉素(32μg/ml)、克林霉素(4μg/ml)、红霉素(8μg/ml)、四环素(16μg/ml)、庆大霉素(16μg/ml)、环丙沙星(4μg/ml)、头孢噻吩(32μg/m)l进行药敏实验。结果显示30份牛奶样品中共分离得到111株菌,分别为葡萄球菌31株、沙雷氏菌14株、假单胞菌12株、芽孢杆菌11株、肠杆菌5株、不动杆菌4株、奇异变形杆菌3株、微球菌3株、巨球菌3株、肠球菌4株、其它菌21株。其中耐青霉素16μg/ml的为50株,耐氯霉素32μg/ml的为23株,耐克林霉素4μg/ml的为46株,耐红霉素8μg/ml的为37株,耐四环素16μg/ml的为38株,耐庆大霉素16μg/ml的是7株,耐环丙沙星4μg/ml的为8株,耐头孢噻吩32μg/ml的为40株。通过实验可知,细菌类型主要有葡萄球菌、沙雷氏菌、假单胞菌等;8种抗生素中,庆大霉素、环丙沙星、氯霉素的抑菌效果较好,而青霉素、克林霉素、红霉素、四环素、头孢噻吩的抑菌效果相对较差。 相似文献
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17 feces samples of yak which were collected in Hongyuan county were measured with Gram staining method and 16S rRNA molecular identification in this study.8 suspected Enterococcus were separate from feces samples by bacteria purification and PCR amplification with 1 500 bp specific band. 6Enterococcus faecalis and 2Enterococcus faecium were identified through 16S rRNA sequencing.The homology analysis of the strains revealed that the homology between Enterococcus faecalis and reference strains sequence were 99.7% to 100%,that of Enterococcus faecium and reference sequence were 98.2% to 99.2%,indicating that the yak Enterococcus was highly conserved in the process of genetic evolution.The drug sensitive test results showed that the isolated strains were highly resistance to aminoglycoside antibiotics.Enterococcus faecium 11-1-2 strain was not only 5 multi-resistant,but also showed resistence to vancomycin.Enterococcus faecalis strains was most 3 multi-resistant.The antibiotics resistance results revealed that the resistance of yak Enterococcus was serious and should be taken seriously. 相似文献
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试验结合革兰氏染色及16S rRNA分子鉴定,对分离自红原县的17份牦牛粪便样中的肠球菌进行鉴定。结果显示,通过细菌分离纯化及PCR扩增,从牦牛粪便样品中分离出8株疑似肠球菌,分离菌的扩增产物经凝胶电泳后均产生1 500 bp特异性条带。16S rRNA测序结果显示,8株疑似肠球菌中,6株为粪肠球菌,2株为屎肠球菌。同源性比对分析显示,粪肠球菌与参考序列同源性为99.7%~100.0%,屎肠球菌与参考序列同源性为98.2%~99.2%,说明牦牛源肠球菌在遗传进化过程中高度保守。运用K-B纸片法进行药敏试验,结果显示,分离株对氨基糖苷类抗生素耐受性较高,2株屎肠球菌中,11-1-2菌株表现为5重耐药,且该菌株耐万古霉素,粪肠球菌主要表现为3重耐药,药敏结果提示牦牛源肠球菌耐药较严重,应引起高度重视。 相似文献
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建立人离体肠道模拟模型，研究微量环丙沙星对人源肠道大肠杆菌和粪肠球菌敏感性的影响，进而用聚合酶链反应法扩增耐药菌的gyrA基因的耐药决定区，并分析其耐药机制。结果显示，大肠杆菌连续培养后存活菌株对微量环丙沙星耐药，此耐药菌对其他抗菌药敏感；粪肠球菌绎连续培养，对环丙沙星和其他抗菌药物仍敏感；耐药大肠杆菌的gyrA基因发生突变，248位碱基由C变为T，259位由G变为T，相应地，该基因编码的蛋白质在83位的丝氨酸和87位的天冬氨酸分别改变为亮氨酸和酪氨酸。研究表明，微量环丙沙星对人肠道菌群具有不同的选择作用，能诱导大肠杆菌产生耐药性。这为动物源食品中环丙沙星残留的安全性评价提供了试验依据。 相似文献
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为探究鸡源肺炎克雷伯菌的流行性和耐药情况,本试验采集蛋鸡新鲜粪便60份(雏鸡36只/产蛋鸡24只),通过分离培养、VITEK2 Compact生化鉴定、特异性基因PCR扩增和微量肉汤稀释法对分离菌株进行了菌种鉴定、耐药表型、耐药基因以及毒力基因检测。结果显示,从粪便样本中共分离出48株肺炎克雷伯菌;分离菌株对氨苄西林、大观霉素、四环素、氟苯尼考、磺胺异噁唑和复方新诺明表现出高度耐药,耐药率范围为50.00%~100.00%,对奥格门丁、庆大霉素、头孢类和喹诺酮类药物耐药程度较低,耐药率范围为14.58%~27.08%,对黏菌素和美罗培南敏感;75.02%的菌株表现为多重耐药,最高表现为8重耐药,占10.42%。耐药基因和毒力基因检测结果显示,48株肺炎克雷伯菌共检出aadA1、tetA、oqxA、oqxB、blaTEM和qnrB 等6种耐药基因,以及entB、wabG、uge和kfuBC 等4种毒力基因,本试验结果可为临床用药、动物源细菌耐药性监测和健康养殖提供数据支持。 相似文献
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There has been limited research on the prevalence of foodborne pathogens such as Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella, and Campylobacter on ostrich carcasses. Likewise, few studies have been done in ostriches to determine the antimicrobial susceptibilities of common bacteria, like E. coli. In this study, ostrich carcasses were sampled from eight slaughterhouses in Ohio and one in Indiana. Although results demonstrated no E. coli O157:H7 from the carcasses sampled, 91% (116/128) of the dressed carcasses sampled had E. coli present. One carcass sample (1/152) was positive for Salmonella. Campylobacter were detected in 10% (19/191) of the carcasses. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing on 93 carcass E. coli isolates showed resistance to erythromycin (99%), neomycin (65%), netilmicin (2%), oxytetracycline (22%), streptomycin (2%), and trimethoprim (3%). All isolates were resistant to bacitracin, lincomycin, penicillin, and vancomycin. For the large intestinal sampling, 149 of the 217 (69%) samples had E. coli present. Fifty of these 149 samples had E. coli levels ranging from 10(2) to 10(5) colony-forming units/g feces. Campylobacter were isolated from 6 of 201 (3%) samples. No Salmonella colony was detected. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing on 131 intestinal E. coli isolates showed resistance to erythromycin (98%), neomycin (66%), netilmicin (34%), oxytetracycline (34%), streptomycin (40%), and trimethoprim (13%). All isolates were resistant to bacitracin, lincomycin, penicillin, and vancomycin. 相似文献
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Ardiles-Villegas K González-Acuña D Waldenström J Olsen B Hernández J 《Avian diseases》2011,55(3):486-489
Antibiotic use and its implications have been discussed extensively in the past decades. This situation has global consequences when antibiotic resistance becomes widespread in the intestinal bacterial flora of stationary and migratory birds. This study investigated the incidence of fecal bacteria and general antibiotic resistance, with special focus on extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) isolates, in two species of seabirds at remote Easter Island. We identified 11 species of bacteria from masked booby (Sula dactylatra) and Christmas shearwater (Puffinus nativitatis); five species of gram-negative bacilli, four species of Streptococcus (Enterococcus), and 2 species of Staphylococcus. In addition, 6 types of bacteria were determined barely to the genus level. General antibiotic susceptibility was measured in the 30 isolated Enterobacteriaceae to 11 antibiotics used in human and veterinary medicine. The 10 isolates that showed a phenotypic ESBL profile were verified by clavulanic acid inhibition in double mixture discs with cefpodoxime, and two ESBL strains were found, one strain in masked booby and one strain in Christmas shearwater. The two bacteria harboring the ESBL type were identified as Serratia odorifera biotype 1, which has zoonotic importance. Despite minimal human presence in the masked booby and Christmas shearwater habitats, and the extreme geographic isolation of Easter Island, we found several multiresistant bacteria and even two isolates with ESBL phenotypes. The finding of ESBLs has animal and public health significance and is of potential concern, especially because the investigation was limited in size and indicated that antibiotic-resistant bacteria now are distributed globally. 相似文献
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本试验通过对山东某地区8个大型集约化肉鸡养殖场的27只死淘鸡进行剖检、电镜观察、病原菌分离鉴定,明确了细菌混合感染为其显著特征,此地区优势致病菌依次为粪肠球菌、浅绿气球菌、大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌、嗜水气单胞菌。用专利产品(专利号:ZL 2009 2 0253251.5)吸管药敏检测盒对死淘鸡病变组织的细菌混合感染进行药敏检测,对照传统的药敏检测结果,表明吸管药敏检测盒具有准确的原位药敏检测的特点和优势,有助于了解肉鸡养殖场潜在的致病因素、提供可行的预防方案。 相似文献
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Ossiprandi MC Bottarelli E Cattabiani F Bianchi E 《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》2008,31(1):1-9
The prevalence of antibiotic resistance, with special attention to vancomycin, in 165 Enterococcus strains isolated from dogs subjected or not to previous antibiotics treatment(s) was determined. For each strain, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) to 9 antibiotics was assessed. All strains were sensible to vancomycin. High frequencies of resistance to erythromycin, tetracycline, rifampicin, and enrofloxacin were detected. E. faecium strains isolated from dogs subjected to antibiotic treatment were more resistant to tetracycline with respect to control dogs. Although enterococci from dog show a high degree of antibiotic resistance, they are sensitive to vancomycin. Therefore, the risk of transmission of vancomycin-resistant enterococcal strains from dogs to man is close to zero. 相似文献
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Forty vancomycin‐resistant enterococci (VRE) were isolated from feces of pigs in one pig farm. Two strains were further elucidated and these were biochemically identified as Enterococcus faecium possessing the vanB gene. These isolates showed high resistance to vancomycin and nine other antibiotics. This is the first report of VRE contamination in pigs in Japan. 相似文献