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为调查秦皇岛地区北美水貂沙门氏菌的检出率及耐药情况,对65份水貂样品中的细菌进行分离纯化,采用细菌的鉴定培养、革兰氏染色、生化鉴定和16S rDNA鉴定分离菌,采用小鼠致病性试验研究分离菌株的致病性,采用KB纸片法检测分离菌的耐药性。结果显示,经鉴定共计分离出9株沙门氏菌,分离率13.85%(9/65);9株沙门氏菌均可致小鼠发病死亡,死亡率20%—100%;9株沙门氏菌分别对5—11种抗生素药物耐药,氟苯尼考、替米考星、磺胺间甲氧嘧啶、磺胺二甲氧嘧啶和复方新诺明的耐药率高达100%,土霉素敏感率最高,为88.89%(8/9)。上述研究结果表明,秦皇岛地区从水貂分离到的沙门氏菌均具有一定的致病力和多重耐药性,为该地区水貂沙门氏菌病的防治提供参考。 相似文献
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以野生雌雄葎草为材料,通过测定越冬前(12月1日)、越冬中(1月15日)和越冬后(4月15日)雌雄株构件中可溶性糖(SS)、淀粉(ST)、丙酮酸(PA)含量和硝酸还原酶(NR)活性,测定越冬后构件存活率和再生率及再生构件性状与生物量分配比,分析雌雄株越冬时生理反应和再生策略的差异。结果表明:1)越冬前雄株叶片中ST含量小于雌株而SS含量大于雌株,其成熟茎和根的SS和ST含量均小于雌株(P<0.05),雄株通过提高叶中SS含量抵御寒冷,雌株通过转移糖分到茎和根应对寒冷;2)越冬前雄株叶和茎的PA含量显著大于雌株,根中含量显著小于雌株(P<0.05),构件中NR活性无性别差异(P>0.05),雄株通过增强茎和叶的呼吸抵御寒冷,雌株通过根储备营养应对寒冷;3)越冬后雌株再生叶的SS和ST含量大于雄株(P<0.05),PA含量和NR活性小于雄株,其再生代谢基础高于雄株;4)越冬时雄株植株存活率为26.67%,为雌株植株存活率的34.78%,雄株存活植株的茎存活率仅为雌株的32.24%,越冬后雌株茎、叶再生率仅为雄株的21.03%和23.82%,而花序再生率高达74.40%;5)雌株再生叶数和叶面积及再生茎长小于雄株(P<0.05),其再生茎和叶生物量分配比仅0.59%和1.31%,再生花序分配达98.09%,其再生花序柄和花序轴长及小花数大于越冬前正常花序,且萼片面积增大且生物量分配比占31.26%,总面积达624.92 cm2·株-1,为再生叶总面积的24.50倍。越冬时雄株通过生理反应抵御寒冷,使茎和根贮藏物质低于雌株,故其存活率和再生率低于雌株。越冬后雄株再生生物量仅1.57 g·株-1全部分配到营养器官,雌株再生总生物量达32.05 g·株-1,且98.09%分配到花序,萼片代替叶片为主要光合器官,为花序形成和开花就近提供养分。 相似文献
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试验对雌(♀)、雄(♂)团头鲂(M.amblycephala)肌肉和皮肤营养成分进行了比较分析,并对其营养品质进行了评价。选用于桥水库同一水域雌、雄团头鲂各6尾,利用常规肌肉生化成分测试方法测定了肌肉和皮肤主要营养成分。结果显示,雌、雄团头鲂皮肤的粗蛋白含量(26.85%、26.15%)均显著高于团头鲂肌肉(19.37%、19.98%;P<0.05),且雄团头鲂肌肉粗蛋白含量显著高于雌性(P<0.05),但雄团头鲂皮肤粗蛋白含量显著低于雌性(P<0.05);团头鲂肌肉的水分含量(78.45%、78.64%)均显著高于皮肤(60.76%、59.87%%;P<0.05),但雌、雄团头鲂肌肉之间和皮肤之间的水分含量差异不显著(P>0.05)。雌、雄团头鲂肌肉和皮肤均含有18种氨基酸,雄团头鲂肌肉中的氨基酸总量、必需氨基酸含量、鲜味氨基酸含量(15.16%、6.27%、4.99%)显著高于雌团头鲂肌肉中的含量(14.33%、6.03%、4.70%;P<0.05),雌团头鲂皮肤的氨基酸总量、必需氨基酸含量、鲜味氨基酸含量(26.36%、4.99%、12.92%)显著高于雄团头鲂皮肤中的含量(23.06%、4.65%、11.14%;P<0.05)。研究表明,雄团头鲂肌肉较雌团头鲂营养丰富,雌团头鲂皮肤较雄团头鲂的营养价值丰富。 相似文献
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当前,我国法律明令禁止对濒危野生动物进行猎杀、滥食以及非法交易,但鼓励人工饲养种群的规模化养殖和商业化利用。这引起一个重要问题:即从野外非法猎取的野生动物,会假借人工驯养繁殖的名义合法地进入市场,这对执法部门如何精准鉴定动物来源造成了极大的困扰。现有的依靠骨密度和头骨形态的鉴定方法不能满足需求。本研究以野外水貂(n=25)和人工驯养水貂(n=38)的下颌骨为对象,建立一个更为简便而有效的鉴别方法。下颌骨与咬肌构成一个杠杆系统,髁状突为支点,前臼齿和臼齿的齿尖为阻力点,各个齿尖到髁状突的距离为阻力臂。我们推测,野生水貂的食物质地较为坚硬,而人工饲养的动物食物柔软,因而野生水貂捕食和进食时需要更大的咬合力和咬合效率。这一差异在个体发育过程中很可能导致阻力臂结构发生变化。如果这种变化足够明显,就可以据此建立动物来源的判别指标。通过测定髁状突到前臼齿第3齿尖以及臼齿上的下原尖和下前尖的阻力臂、齿冠长及齿尖高等数据,建立了13个判别指标,利用这些指标分析野生与饲养个体间的差异并进行判别分析,以已知来源个体的正确回判率来评价其有效性。结果显示,与野生组相比,人工饲养水貂下颌咬合杠杆的阻力臂更长,支持了我们的推测。在13个判别指标中,H2/L2(臼齿下前尖高和其力臂长之比)和CosA(犬齿沿矢状面的倾角)无性别差异,二者联合使用时,已知来源个体的正确回判率可达到91.20%,具有很强的鉴别能力。由于水貂是典型的小型食肉动物,因此本研究的结果对其他小型食肉动物的鉴别也具有重要的参考意义。 相似文献
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在杂交原种生产中常出现因品种间发蛾不一致而冷藏雄蛾的现象。为了解广西当家品种两广二号中系杂交原种生产中,对交品种雄蛾6℃冷藏24h对生产杂交原种质量的影响而设计试验。结果显示:932雄蛾6℃冷藏24h后与芙蓉雌蛾交配,芙蓉×932(冷)的有效卵圈率、产卵率、良卵率均显著低于芙蓉×932,并且芙蓉×932(冷)雌蛾单蛾产卵率和良卵率个体间开叉大。芙蓉雄蛾6℃冷藏24h后与932雌蛾交配,932×芙蓉(冷)的有效卵圈率、产卵率显著低于932×芙蓉;良卵率差异不显著。 相似文献
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在原种制种生产大忙期间,往往出现雌蛾过多、雄蛾不足或劳动力不足的情况。针对这一现象,对两广二号4个亲本采用雄蛾二交与冷藏雌蛾制种这两种方法进行对比,调查各品种的良卵率及折净率,评价产卵效果。结果显示,在使用雄蛾二交试验中,各品种的良卵率指数和折净率指数显示:932×芙蓉为95.97%和95.51%,比湘晖×7532高0.47%、0.06%,比芙蓉×932高9.07%、22.80%,比7532×湘晖高12.54%、25.95%,证明932×芙蓉和湘晖×7532经过雄蛾二交后仍保持很好的产卵效果;在冷藏雌蛾试验中,各品种的的良卵率指数和折净率指数分别为:芙蓉×932为100.09%和99.31%,比7532×湘晖高5.25%、4.19%,比湘晖×7532高17.26%、7.53%,比932×芙蓉高20.22%、21.90%,证明芙蓉×932和7532×湘晖经过雌蛾冷藏后仍保持很好的产卵效果。 相似文献
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《中国饲料》2020,(17)
为探明丁酸梭菌对育成期水貂抗氧化及免疫功能的影响,本试验将40只(60±5)日龄,体重相近[(1.08±0.05)kg]的健康雄性红眼白貂,随机分为4组,每组水貂数为10只。其中I组为对照组,饲喂水貂基础日粮,II、III、IV组为试验组,分别饲喂添加0.5×10~8、1×10~8、2×10~8cfu/g丁酸梭菌的水貂基础日粮,试验期35 d。结果表明:与I组相比,II、III、IV组水貂平均日增重分别提高了17.9%、22.4%、28.4%,II、III、IV组水貂粗脂肪消化率分别提高了17.2%、17.3%、15.4%,与I组相比,II组水貂血清中总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性及IgA的含量显著提高,血清中丙二醛(MDA)含量显著降低。说明饲料中添加丁酸梭菌能够提高水貂生长、抗氧化及免疫功能。 相似文献
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《蚕业科学》2015,(2)
花绒寄甲(Dastarcus helophoroides Fairmaire)是桑天牛等林木蛀干害虫重要的天敌昆虫,明确其雌、雄成虫的日活动行为节律,可为人工饲养和生物防治应用等提供理论依据。采用人工气候箱(温度22℃、RH 60%±10%)单头隔离饲养花绒寄甲成虫,对其移动、取食、饮水、木块处静息、木块外静息5种活动行为的日节律进行观察。各种活动行为的日时间分配:以木块处静息最多(63.39%),饮水行为最少(1.45%),各行为活动的日时间分配存在极显著差异。雌、雄成虫各活动行为的高峰时间:移动行为雌、雄成虫均出现在21:30;取食行为雌成虫在0:00,雄成虫在8:30和19:30;饮水行为雄成虫在6:00—6:30,雌成虫在8:30;木块处静息行为雌成虫在6:30,雄成虫在19:30;木块外静息行为雌成虫在10:00,雄成虫在10:00和13:30—14:30。雌、雄成虫各种活动行为在全天的时间分配:雌、雄成虫的移动、木块外静息及雌成虫的取食行为存在极显著差异,雌、雄成虫饮水和木块处静息及雄成虫取食行为均无显著性差异。雌、雄成虫各种活动行为在白天和夜晚时段的分配:雌雄成虫移动、雄成虫木块外静息行为存在极显著性差异,雌成虫木块外静息行为存在显著性差异,其他行为均无显著性差异。在上午、中午、下午和夜晚4个时间段的分配:雌、雄成虫的移动行为均存在极显著性差异,雌成虫取食及木块外静息行为存在显著性差异,其他行为均无显著性差异;4个时间段雌、雄成虫之间仅夜晚在木块处静息存在显著性差异。以上结果显示,花绒寄甲成虫活动行为受到明显的时间影响,白天大多数时间处于静息状态,夜晚20:00至次日5:00处于活跃期;各种活动行为日节律在雌、雄成虫之间的差异不显著。 相似文献
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A. Gugołek D. Zalewski J. Strychalski M. Konstantynowicz 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2013,97(6):1030-1035
The aim of this study was to determine whether farming leads to changes in gastrointestinal function and nitrogen metabolism in farmed mink (FA), as compared with their wild‐living counterparts. Three digestibility and balance trials were carried out. Experiment I was performed in May, and experiments II and III were conducted in September 2011. Farmed mink with the standard coat colour were purchased from a production farm in south‐eastern Poland. Feral mink were harvested using cages in the hunting grounds of the Polish Hunting Association, Branch in Olsztyn. The experimental materials comprised of the following: trial I – adult males (eight animals per group), trial II – young females (six animals per group), trial III–young animals (five males and five females per group). Food transit time was measured during digestibility trials, on 10 consecutive days. The coefficients of nutrient and energy digestibility and daily nitrogen balance values were compared between groups in each experiment. It was found that farming contributed to changes in gastrointestinal function and nitrogen metabolism in mink. Farmed animals were characterized by a longer bowel transit time, a tendency towards higher nutrient digestibility and higher nitrogen retention, which resulted from selection for higher productivity. 相似文献
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A Hossain Farid 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》2013,55(1):10
Background
Aleutian mink disease virus (AMDV) is widespread among ranched and free-ranging American mink in Canada, but there is no information on its prevalence in other wild animal species. This paper describes the prevalence of AMDV of 12 furbearing species in Nova Scotia (NS), Canada.Methods
Samples were collected from carcasses of 462 wild animals of 12 furbearing species, trapped in 10 NS counties between November 2009 and February 2011. Viral DNA was tested by PCR using two primer pairs, and anti-viral antibodies were tested by counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CIEP) on spleen homogenates.Results
Positive PCR or CIEP samples were detected in 56 of 60 (93.3%) American mink, 43 of 61 (70.5%) short-tailed weasels, 2 of 8 (25.0%) striped skunks, 2 of 11 (18.2%) North American river otters, 9 of 85 (10.6%) raccoons, and 2 of 20 (10.0%) bobcats. Samples from six fishers, 24 coyotes, 25 red foxes, 58 beavers, 45 red-squirrels and 59 muskrats were negative. Antibodies to AMDV were detected by CIEP in 16 of 56 (28.6%) mink and one of the 8 skunks (12.5%). Thirteen of the mink were positive for PCR and CIEP, but three mink and one skunk were CIEP positive and PCR negative. Positive CIEP or PCR animals were present in all nine counties from which mink or weasel samples were collected.Conclusions
The presence of AMDV in so many species across the province has important epidemiological ramifications and could pose a serious health problem for the captive mink, as well as for susceptible wildlife. The mechanism of virus transmission between wildlife and captive mink and the effects of AMDV exposure on the viability of the susceptible species deserve further investigation. 相似文献13.
针对近年来养殖界在鹿、貂、狐、貉等特种经济动物的管理体制和执法上产生的争议,较系统地阐述了野生动物和家畜(禽)的区别,野生动物驯养繁殖与养殖业的关系等有关学术概念,并对生产技术成熟,已形成各自独立产业的鹿、狐、貂等特种经济动物在管理体制上存在的问题,提出了按照《畜牧法》和相关畜牧兽医法律法规进行管理的合理化建议。 相似文献
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Posterior paresis/paralysis in farmed mink is responsible for significant morbidity and mortality, with individual farms reporting the loss of as many as 700 animals each year. Although this disease has been recognized by North American mink farmers for approximately 40 years, there are few published reports focusing on this entity. The objective of this study was to investigate the etiology and pathogenesis of the disease. Complete necropsy examinations were done on 40 clinically affected mink, ranging from 7 to 10 weeks of age, and on three normal animals in the same age range from two mink farms. Thirty-two of the 40 clinically affected animals had an isolated vertebral lesion characterized by bone lysis and proliferation that usually was centered on an intervertebral disk space in the midthoracic area. An inflammatory reaction, composed primarily of neutrophils, was present within the vertebral sections in 25 of the 40 affected animals (62.5%), and the presence of gram-positive cocci was confirmed in 8 of 10 animals (80%) in which bacterial organisms were observed histologically. Bacterial cultures from 15 affected animals yielded Streptococcus sp. from the intervertebral disk space in 13 of 15 (86.7%) animals and from heart blood in 6 of 8 (75%). A farm visit revealed no history or evidence of traumatic wounds as a source of infection in these animals, and the diet appeared to be adequate for skeletal development. We conclude that posterior paresis/paralysis in farmed mink is associated with bacterial diskospondylitis, likely occurring secondary to bacteremia/septicemia. 相似文献
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Response of mink, skunk, red fox and raccoon to inoculation with mink virus enteritis, feline panleukopenia and canine parvovirus and prevalence of antibody to parvovirus in wild carnivores in Ontario. 
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下载免费PDF全文 Mink virus enteritis, feline panleukopenia and canine parvovirus-2 were inoculated separately into groups of raccoon, mink, red fox and striped skunk. Raccoons were highly susceptible to mink virus enteritis and feline panleukopenia, with animals developing clinical illness, and several dying within six to ten days of inoculation with lesions typical of parvovirus infection. Both viruses were shed in high titre in the feces of infected raccoons, and high antibody titres were stimulated. Raccoons inoculated with canine parvovirus-2 showed no signs; shedding of virus was sporadic though moderate titres of antibody developed. Mink inoculated with mink virus enteritis and feline panleukopenia developed signs and lesions of early parvovirus infection. No signs or significant lesions followed canine parvovirus-2 inoculation. Shedding of virus was heavy (mink virus enteritis) or sporadic (feline panleukopenia and canine parvovirus-2), though good serological responses were elicited to all three viruses. Red fox showed no signs of infection, shed all three viruses only sporadically, and the serological response was strong only to feline panleukopenia. Skunks developed low antibody titres, but no signs, and did not shed virus. Antibody to parvovirus was found in 79.2% of 144 wild red foxes; 22.3% of 112 wild raccoons; 1.3% of 157 wild skunks and 6/7 coyotes in southern Ontario. The likely significance of these viruses to wild and captive individuals and populations of these carnivores is discussed. 相似文献
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水貂12项血清生化指标的初步检测与分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为建立东北地区健康短毛黑水貂血液生化指标的正常参考范围,探讨雌雄水貂间各项血液生化指标的差异显著性,随机选取8月龄健康短毛黑水貂60只(♂30只、♀30只)作为试验材料,于2009年12月中旬取皮时期进行心脏采血,离心分离血清,采用AMS-18全自动生化分析仪及相关试剂盒对血清12项生化指标进行了检测与分析。结果表明:短毛黑水貂碱性磷酸酶(ALP)雌雄间差异达到极显著水平(P<0.01);尿酸(UA)、谷草转氨酶(GOT)、甘油三酯(TG)雌雄间差异显著(P<0.05);总蛋白(TP)、白蛋白(ALB)、肌酐(Cre)、尿素氮(BUN)、谷丙转氨酶(GPT)、肌酸激酶(CK)、总胆固醇(T-CHO)、葡萄糖(GLU)含量在雌雄水貂间无显著差异(P>0.05)。 相似文献
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The effects of addition of evening primrose oil (EPO) to a mink diet in the breeding season on the reproductive performance and kit and female performance during the lactation period were investigated in an experiment with 4 groups of male and female mink. Matings were carried out so that control males were mated to both control and supplemented females. Similarly, supplemented males mated both control and supplemented females. Reproductive results were evaluated both on a group basis and as an effect of male or female treatment, respectively. After males supplemented with EPO, there was a tendency for reduced rate of stillborn kits and kit losses during the first 21 days of life. These effects could not be explained physiologically. Female treatment did not affect reproductive performance, but there was a tendency for lower weight losses during lactation for EPO-supplemented females. Kit performance during the lactation period was independent of experimental treatment. 相似文献
19.
E. Rauch S. Bergmann A. Hagn J. Meixensperger S. Reese R. Palme M.H. Erhard 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2014,98(3):497-503
The welfare of an animal is ensured if it is able to fully satisfy its essential species‐typical needs in all functional aspects of behaviour. In mink, stereotypies and apathy, internal and/or external injuries as well as increased susceptibility to disease have been known to occur as a result of chronic stress. The non‐invasive method of analysing faecal cortisol metabolites (FCM) allows conclusions to be drawn about the stress level in the respective housing system. The objective of this study is to find out how the cortisol metabolites content in the faecal changes with increasing age of the mink under semi‐natural housing conditions. Thus, 40 American mink (Neovison vison) were housed in two outdoor enclosures imitating natural conditions. Throughout the entire study (13th to 32nd week of life), faecal samples were collected to measure cortisol metabolites. No differences in FCM concentrations between the two outdoor enclosures were found. In the young mink lower, less fluctuating FCM levels were found than in older animals. After the first faecal collection in the 13th/14th week of life, the level of metabolites decreased slightly (p = 0.032; 17th/18th week). From the 22nd/23rd week onwards until the 30th/31st week, shortly before the animals were pelted, continuously increasing concentrations were then measured. Increasing FCM levels with advancing age of the animals are probably attributable to the onset of sexual maturity and/or the respective season. This has to be taken into account in future studies using this method for assessing welfare and when comparing different mink housing systems. 相似文献