共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 187 毫秒
1.
《中国畜牧杂志》2016,(20)
本研究通过测量荷斯坦牛颈部和肋部皮肤褶皱厚度,探究荷斯坦牛颈部和肋部皮肤褶皱厚度特征以及影响皮肤褶皱厚度的因素。使用电子游标卡尺测量了1 523头泌乳期荷斯坦牛颈部和肋部的皮肤褶皱厚度,并同时对奶牛进行体况评分,收集了皮肤褶皱厚度测量月份试验牛场的奶牛生产性能数据。利用固定模型分析场、胎次、泌乳阶段、测定人、体侧及BCS对皮肤褶皱厚度的影响。经测定发现,荷斯坦牛颈部皮肤褶皱厚度为(6.62±0.94)mm,肋部皮肤褶皱厚度为(11.13±1.78)mm。不同场、测定人、胎次、体况评分对颈部皮肤褶皱厚度和肋部皮肤褶皱厚度有显著影响(P0.05),体侧、泌乳阶段对肋部皮肤褶皱厚度也有显著影响(P0.05)。颈部皮肤褶皱厚度和肋部皮肤褶皱厚度对BCS的线性回归系数估计值分别为(0.36±0.061)和(0.51±0.116)。本研究结果为荷斯坦牛皮肤褶皱厚度的深度分析,包括遗传分析建模等,奠定了基础。 相似文献
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本研究通过测定荷斯坦奶牛肋部和颈部皮肤褶皱厚度,探究了皮肤褶皱厚度的影响因素及其与泌乳性能的关系。利用数显游标卡尺测量荷斯坦奶牛肋部和颈部皮肤褶皱厚度,评定奶牛体况,并收集皮肤褶皱厚度测量月份试验牛场的奶牛生产性能数据,共得到2 519头奶牛的数据用于分析。利用固定效应模型分析胎次、牛场、测定人、泌乳阶段、体况评分对奶牛皮肤褶皱厚度的影响,皮肤褶皱厚度对泌乳性能影响的分析模型中同样包括上述固定效应。结果表明胎次、牛场、测定人、泌乳阶段、体况评分对荷斯坦奶牛皮褶厚均有极显著影响（P < 0.01）,肋部皮肤褶皱厚度对泌乳性能无显著影响（P > 0.05）,而颈部皮肤褶皱厚度对日产奶量、乳脂率影响显著（P < 0.05）,颈部皮肤褶皱厚度对乳蛋白率、尿素氮无显著影响（P > 0.05）。颈部皮褶厚为7.20 mm的个体日产奶量最高;颈部皮褶厚为6.00 mm的个体,乳脂率最低。本研究进一步阐明了荷斯坦奶牛泌乳期内不同部位皮肤褶皱厚度的影响因素,并首次利用大群数据区分不同部位研究了皮肤褶皱厚度对泌乳性能的影响,为利用皮肤褶皱厚度提高奶牛管理效率提供科学依据。 相似文献
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北京地区荷斯坦奶牛皮肤褶皱厚度与泌乳性能关系的研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
本研究通过测定荷斯坦奶牛肋部和颈部皮肤褶皱厚度,探究了皮肤褶皱厚度的影响因素及其与泌乳性能的关系。利用数显游标卡尺测量荷斯坦奶牛肋部和颈部皮肤褶皱厚度,评定奶牛体况,并收集皮肤褶皱厚度测量月份试验牛场的奶牛生产性能数据,共得到2 519头奶牛的数据用于分析。利用固定效应模型分析胎次、牛场、测定人、泌乳阶段、体况评分对奶牛皮肤褶皱厚度的影响,皮肤褶皱厚度对泌乳性能影响的分析模型中同样包括上述固定效应。结果表明胎次、牛场、测定人、泌乳阶段、体况评分对荷斯坦奶牛皮褶厚均有极显著影响(P0.01),肋部皮肤褶皱厚度对泌乳性能无显著影响(P0.05),而颈部皮肤褶皱厚度对日产奶量、乳脂率影响显著(P0.05),颈部皮肤褶皱厚度对乳蛋白率、尿素氮无显著影响(P0.05)。颈部皮褶厚为7.20mm的个体日产奶量最高;颈部皮褶厚为6.00mm的个体,乳脂率最低。本研究进一步阐明了荷斯坦奶牛泌乳期内不同部位皮肤褶皱厚度的影响因素,并首次利用大群数据区分不同部位研究了皮肤褶皱厚度对泌乳性能的影响,为利用皮肤褶皱厚度提高奶牛管理效率提供科学依据。 相似文献
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【目的】探究中国荷斯坦奶牛牛嘴宽度的群体规律,并估计其遗传参数。【方法】2021年7月至2021年8月分别在2个规模化奶牛场测定了628头泌乳期荷斯坦奶牛的牛嘴宽度及臀高、体高、体斜长和胸围等体尺性状,同时利用体斜长和胸围估计试验牛体重。利用SPSS 26.0软件分析了牧场、月龄和泌乳阶段等因素对牛嘴宽度的影响,以及牛嘴宽度与各体尺性状之间的相关关系;基于DMU软件采用单性状动物模型估计了牛嘴宽度的方差组分及遗传力。【结果】荷斯坦奶牛牛嘴宽度的群体平均值为17.28 cm,变异系数为5%,变异相对较小;牧场和月龄对牛嘴宽度均有极显著影响(P<0.01),泌乳阶段对牛嘴宽度有显著影响(P<0.05),牛嘴宽度随母牛月龄的增加呈逐渐增加的趋势,泌乳初期牛嘴宽度显著小于其他泌乳阶段(P<0.05);牛嘴宽度与各体尺性状之间存在极显著正相关(P<0.01);荷斯坦奶牛牛嘴宽度的遗传力估计值为0.28,为中高遗传力性状。【结论】牧场和月龄对奶牛牛嘴宽度影响极显著,泌乳阶段对奶牛牛嘴宽度影响显著,牛嘴宽度与臀高呈较弱相关。荷斯坦奶牛牛嘴宽度是一个具有中高遗传力的体尺性状。 相似文献
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《中国畜牧杂志》2019,(3)
为揭示荷斯坦牛乳房皮肤厚度的群体特征及其与泌乳性能和体型性状的关系,实验测量了2 840头北京地区荷斯坦牛乳房皮肤厚度,利用SAS 9.2 GLM过程分析其影响因素及乳房皮肤厚度对泌乳性能(日产奶量、乳脂率、乳蛋白率)的影响,并计算其与体型性状的相关性。结果表明:北京地区荷斯坦牛乳房皮肤厚度群体均值为7.16 mm;场效应、泌乳阶段和体况评分对乳房皮肤厚度有极显著性影响(P<0.01);乳房皮肤厚度二次项对乳脂率有显著影响(P<0.05),且与日产奶量存在负相关趋势(P<0.1);乳房皮肤厚度与前乳房附着呈显著正相关(P<0.05)。本研究通过初步分析得到乳房皮肤厚度与生产性状的关系,并为后续乳房皮肤厚度的深入研究提供基础。 相似文献
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旨在评估宁夏地区荷斯坦牛乳房性状的遗传水平。本研究使用DMU（v6.0）软件的AI-REML模块结合EM算法并配合多性状动物模型对宁夏地区12 415头荷斯坦牛，包括111 735个观察值的9个乳房性状进行遗传参数估计，运用主成分分析法（PCA）探讨构象性状之间的关系。结果表明，宁夏地区荷斯坦牛乳房性状遗传力处于中等偏低水平，乳房深度遗传力值为0.242，乳房质地为0.080，悬韧带为0.183，前乳房附着为0.230，前乳头位置为0.231，前乳头长度为0.173，后乳房高为0.272，后乳房宽为0.378，后乳头位置为0.169。各性状遗传相关范围为-0.277~0.706，表型相关范围为-0.084~0.316。研究共筛选出特征值≥1的4个主成分，占总方差的64.19%，且9个乳房性状在前3个主成分中已全部体现，荷载系数均在0.4以上。本研究通过对宁夏地区奶牛DHI数据的深入挖掘和遗传参数估计，准确地把握了宁夏奶牛群体的结构特征，对于奶牛的选种选配和育种规划具有重要意义。 相似文献
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旨在探究中国荷斯坦牛性情的影响因素,估计方差组分和遗传参数并揭示其遗传趋势。本试验收集北京地区2015-2017年13个奶牛场共9 016头健康泌乳牛的性情评分,采用logistic回归模型分析性情影响因素,利用DMU软件使用动物模型估计性情评分、直肠温度、日产奶量和繁殖性状(产犊到首次配种间隔、重复输精次数)的遗传力及其之间的遗传相关,并根据估计育种值分析其遗传趋势。结果显示,北京地区中国荷斯坦牛性情评分1分、 2分和3分比例分别为75.00%、19.25%和5.75%;胎次和场-评定人效应对性情评分有显著影响(P<0.05);性情评分估计遗传力为0.03,属于低遗传力性状,与重复输精次数为中度遗传相关(r=0.56),与产犊到首次配种间隔和直肠温度为中度负遗传相关(r=-0.30,r=-0.17),而与日产奶量为低度遗传相关(r=0.07);2001-2017年,北京地区中国荷斯坦牛性情遗传趋势总体上无明显变化。本研究是国内首次对奶牛性情进行遗传分析,为了解奶牛行为特征、实现平衡育种提供理论基础。 相似文献
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本文探讨了荷斯坦牛一个体尺新性状——肛阴距离（Anogenital Distance,AGD）的遗传参数及其与繁殖性能的关系。研究测定了江苏省某奶牛场1 836头荷斯坦牛的AGD、十字部高、尻长、尻宽及腰角宽共5个体尺性状,采用多因素方差分析模型分析AGD影响因素及AGD对繁殖性状的影响,结合Logistic回归结果分析AGD对首次和前2次配种受胎率的影响,运用DMU软件中AI-REML模块,借助EM算法并配合多性状动物模型估计AGD等体尺性状的遗传参数。结果显示：荷斯坦牛AGD呈正态分布,平均值为119.61±11.56 mm;不同胎次和泌乳阶段对荷斯坦泌乳牛AGD均有显著影响,其中1胎牛AGD显著高于其他胎次,泌乳早期奶牛AGD显著高于其他泌乳阶段;AGD对首次配种受胎率有显著影响,AGD最短组（90.33～117.08 mm）奶牛的首次配种受胎率显著低于最长组（129.71～152.45 mm）;AGD、十字部高、尻长、尻宽、腰角宽的遗传力分别为0.19±0.07、0.59±0.14、0.36±0.11、0.19±0.08、0.31±0.10,AGD与十字部高、尻长和尻宽的遗传相... 相似文献
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旨在深入了解西荷杂交牛繁育体系的效果,本研究以某存栏4 393头泌乳牛的规模化牛场为研究对象,通过SAS9.2GLM和Mixed过程,应用固定模型和混合模型对法系西荷杂种牛、德系西荷杂种牛、自繁荷斯坦牛以及进口澳系荷斯坦牛4个群体的8个重要经济性状进行最小二乘分析和Bonferroni t多重比较。结果表明,在泌乳性能方面,法系西荷牛的日产奶量和校正奶量显著高于澳系荷斯坦牛(P0.05),且其乳脂率、乳蛋白率均为最高。各群体间体细胞评分和尿素氮含量差异不显著(P0.05);在繁殖性能方面,法系西荷青年牛首次配种日龄显著低于自繁荷斯坦牛和澳系荷斯坦牛(P0.05),且杂种牛产后恢复周期较短。澳系荷斯坦青年牛的配妊次数显著低于自繁荷斯坦牛(P0.05)。法系西荷成年母牛的空怀天数比自繁和澳系荷斯坦牛分别少了38.43和20.93d;在生长性状方面,除体深外,其余性状杂种牛均高于自繁荷斯坦牛,且法系西荷牛与自繁荷斯坦牛的胸围差异显著(P0.05);在热应激相关指标方面,杂种牛上午直肠温度低于荷斯坦牛,其中德系西荷牛与澳系荷斯坦牛差异显著(P0.05),但各品种的下午直肠温度差异不显著(P0.05);另外,杂种牛的体况评分均显著高于自繁荷斯坦牛(P0.05),但各品种之间性情评分与步态评分无显著差异(P0.05)。德系西荷牛的肋部皮褶厚度显著大于其他品种(P0.05)。综合分析,初步表明西荷杂种一代牛的综合性能优于纯种荷斯坦牛。 相似文献
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Y. De Haas L. L. G. Janss & H. N. Kadarmideen 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》2007,124(5):277-285
Genetic correlations between body condition score (BCS) and fertility traits in dairy cattle were estimated using bivariate random regression models. BCS was recorded by the Swiss Holstein Association on 22,075 lactating heifers (primiparous cows) from 856 sires. Fertility data during first lactation were extracted for 40,736 cows. The fertility traits were days to first service (DFS), days between first and last insemination (DFLI), calving interval (CI), number of services per conception (NSPC) and conception rate to first insemination (CRFI). A bivariate model was used to estimate genetic correlations between BCS as a longitudinal trait by random regression components, and daughter's fertility at the sire level as a single lactation measurement. Heritability of BCS was 0.17, and heritabilities for fertility traits were low (0.01-0.08). Genetic correlations between BCS and fertility over the lactation varied from: -0.45 to -0.14 for DFS; -0.75 to 0.03 for DFLI; from -0.59 to -0.02 for CI; from -0.47 to 0.33 for NSPC and from 0.08 to 0.82 for CRFI. These results show (genetic) interactions between fat reserves and reproduction along the lactation trajectory of modern dairy cows, which can be useful in genetic selection as well as in management. Maximum genetic gain in fertility from indirect selection on BCS should be based on measurements taken in mid lactation when the genetic variance for BCS is largest, and the genetic correlations between BCS and fertility is strongest. 相似文献
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Estimates of genetic parameters were obtained for body measurement traits of 648 animals at 4 months of age, of 545 at 8 months and carcass traits of 14 972 animals with the use of an animal model by the restricted maximum likelihood procedure. The estimated heritabilities for carcass traits were high (0.41 to 0.54). At 4 months the estimated direct heritabilities for body measurement traits were moderate to high (0.28 to 0.64), except for chest width (0.19); at 8 months they were also moderate to high (0.23 to 0.49), except for chest depth and chest width (0.18 and 0.06, respectively). Maternal heritabilities for all body measurement traits were low at both ages. The results indicate that because of their moderate direct genetic correlations with body measurement traits, carcass weight, rib thickness and subcutaneous fat thickness can be improved; however, rib eye area and beef marbling standard show little such possibility considering their correlation with body measurement traits. 相似文献
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旨在设计利用不同信息来源的模型估计荷斯坦后备牛不同月龄体重性状的遗传参数。本研究于2014—2020年测定并收集了7 122头荷斯坦牛32 338条0~12月龄体重数据，分别利用系谱信息（linear mixed model with pedigree relationship matrix，LM_A）和系谱-基因组信息构建亲缘关系矩阵（linear mixed model with genotype-pedigree joint relationship matrix，LM_H），基于母体效应动物模型估计初生重，基于是否考虑初生重作为协变量的单性状动物模型估计2~12月龄各月龄体重遗传力，并利用双性状动物模型估计初生重与其它月龄体重的遗传相关。结果显示，对于初生重，根据赤池信息量准则（Akaike information criterion，AIC），LM_H方法的拟合程度显著优于LM_A方法，但两种方法估计的遗传参数相差不大：直接遗传力分别为0.30和0.32，母体遗传力分别为0.08和0.09，个体直接遗传效应和母体遗传效应遗传相关系数分别为-0.65和-0.64；对于2~12月龄体重，LM_A和LM_H两种方法估计的校正初生重后的各月龄体重遗传力分别为0.15~0.55和0.28~0.49，未校正初生重的各月龄体重遗传力分别为0.16~0.54和0.28~0.51。初生重与2、5月龄体重之间为高遗传相关（相关系数>0.6）。5月龄后，各月龄体重与初生重的遗传相关系数随着时间间隔的增加而减小。相较于LM_A，LM_H方法更稳定，AIC值较小（即拟合优度较大），遗传参数标准误较小。综上，采用LM_H方法估计目标性状可获得更准确、更稳定的遗传参数。本研究为建立中国荷斯坦牛生长性状基因组选择体系提供了理论依据。 相似文献
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Tahmina MUNIM Takuro OIKAWA Takayuki IBI Tetsuo KUNIEDA Md. Azharul HOQUE 《Animal Science Journal》2012,83(3):199-206
This study was conducted to evaluate the importance of maternal effect on body measurement traits at an early stage of growth, and to estimate the genetic relationships between direct and maternal effects and among body measurement traits at 0 month (0‐mo) and 4 months (4‐mo) of age in a population of Japanese Black calves. Body measurements and body weight of 889 Japanese Black calves were estimated with the use of an animal model by the Residual Maximum Likelihood procedure. Direct heritabilities were low to moderate, ranging between 0.17 ± 0.09 and 0.48 ± 0.13 at 0‐mo, and slightly lower, ranging between 0.15 ± 0.07 and 0.33 ± 0.13 at 4‐mo. Estimated maternal heritabilities were low to moderate, ranging between 0.08 ± 0.07 and 0.33 ± 0.07 at 0‐mo and 0.13 ± 0.06 to 0.33 ± 0.06 at 4‐mo. The direct genetic correlations between 0‐mo and 4‐mo were moderate to highly positive, ranging from 0.53 ± 0.23 to 0.96 ± 0.09. The estimated direct genetic correlation of chest width with other width traits was low and positive at both ages, whereas with hip width it was high and positive (0.80 ± 0.09) at 0‐mo, suggesting that simultaneous improvement of body width of the front and back parts is possible. Maternal genetic effects were relatively independent of direct genetic effects for body measurement traits and can be considered in genetic evaluation. 相似文献
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C. Bastin H. Soyeurt N. Gengler 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》2013,130(2):118-127
The objective of this study was to estimate genetic parameters of milk, fat, and protein yields, fat and protein contents, somatic cell count, and 17 groups and individual milk fatty acid (FA) contents predicted by mid‐infrared spectrometry for first‐, second‐ and third‐parity Holstein cows. Edited data included records collected in the Walloon region of Belgium from 37 768 cows in parity 1, 22 566 cows in parity 2 and 8221 in parity 3. A total of 69 (23 traits for three parities) single‐trait random regression animal test‐day models were run. Approximate genetic correlations among traits were inferred from pairwise regressions among estimated breeding values of cow having observations. Heritability and genetic correlation estimates from this study reflected the origins of FA: de novo synthetized or originating from the diet and the body fat mobilization. Averaged daily heritabilities of FA contents in milk ranged between 0.18 and 0.47. Average daily genetic correlations (averaged across days in milk and parities) among groups and individual FA contents in milk ranged between 0.31 and 0.99. The genetic variability of FAs in combination with the moderate to high heritabilities indicated that FA contents in milk could be changed by genetic selection; however, desirable direction of change in these traits remains unclear and should be defined with respect to all issues of importance related to milk FA. 相似文献
16.
A.-E. Liinamo P. Mäntysaari M. H. Lidauer E. A. Mäntysaari 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section A - Animal Sciences》2013,63(2):63-72
AbstractOur aim was to estimate the genetic parameters of residual energy intake (REI) and energy conversion efficiency (ECE), and their relationships with milk, feed intake and body weight (BW) and condition in Nordic Red dairy cattle with data from 400 animals. These data were analysed with repeatability and random regression models. The highest heritabilities for energy efficiency traits were obtained in the beginning and the end of the 30 week lactation period (0.21–0.40). The results suggest that the energy efficiencies in early- and mid-lactation periods are partially different traits. The genetic correlations of REI were moderate to high and positive with the other studied traits, and high and positive for ECE with milk, but moderate to low and negative with dry matter intake, BW and body condition score. Further improvements are still needed in modelling the energy efficiency traits of cows during lactation. 相似文献
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18.
Buch LH Sørensen MK Lassen J Berg P Jakobsen JH Johansson K Sørensen AC 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》2011,128(3):174-182
Genetic parameters were estimated for protein yield (PY), clinical mastitis (CM), somatic cell score, number of inseminations (NI) and days from calving to first insemination (CFI) in first‐parity Swedish Red cows by series of tri‐variate linear animal models. The heritability of PY was moderate (0.34 ± 0.004), and the heritabilities of the functional traits were all low (0.014 ± 0.001–0.14 ± 0.004). The genetic correlation between CM and CFI (0.38 ± 0.05) was stronger than the correlation between CM and NI (0.05 ± 0.06), perhaps because CM and CFI usually are observed in early lactation when the cow is likely to be in negative energy balance, whereas NI generally is recorded when the cow is not in negative energy balance any more. The genetic correlation between NI and CFI was very close to zero (?0.002 ± 0.05), indicating that these two fertility traits have different genetic backgrounds. All genetic correlations between PY and the functional traits were moderate and unfavourable, ranging from 0.22 ± 0.02 to 0.47 ± 0.03. In addition, the effect of including genetic and phenotypic correlations between the trait groups milk production, udder health and female fertility on the accuracy of the selection index was quantified for a heifer, a cow and a proven bull. The difference between the accuracy obtained by multi‐trait and single‐trait evaluations was largest for the cow (0.012) and small for the heifer and the bull (0.006 and 0.004) because the phenotype of the cow for one trait could assist in predicting the Mendelian sampling term for a correlated trait. 相似文献
19.
C. Carlström G. Pettersson K. Johansson H. Stålhammar J. Philipsson 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section A - Animal Sciences》2016,66(2):75-83
Automatic milking systems (AMS) allow recording of alternative milkability measures. Our objectives were to estimate genetic parameters for teat cup attachment failures (AtF), incomplete milkings (IM), and handling time (HT), and their genetic correlations with box time (BT), udder traits and temperament. Teat coordinates were to measure udder conformation and teat placement. Genetic correlations were estimated between these traits and linear classification traits. Data on Swedish Holstein and Swedish Red cows in 19 AMS herds and 74 herds with conventional milking parlors were analyzed. HT and IM had low heritabilities, but that of AtF was 0.21–0.31. Genetic correlations between AtF and temperament were 0.44–0.71 (calm cows having low AtF). Short BT was weakly genetically associated with shallow udders with short and thin teats. High genetic correlations (0.91–0.98) were found between teat coordinate traits and linear classification traits. Thus, AMS records can be effectively used to select for improved milkability and temperament. 相似文献