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1.
Anther Culture Derived Homozygous Lines in Hordeum bulbosum 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The production of homozygous doubled haploids via anther culture was investigated in the self-incompatible diploid species Hordeum bulbosum. Anthers from three accessions (GBC77, GBC752 and GBC753) were cultured on FHG media using IAA or three levels (1, 50 and 100 mg/l) of the auxin phenylacetic acid (PAA). Four green plants and 63 albino plants were obtained from a total of 1620 plated anthers (540/accession). The best mean anther response, number of embryogenic calli and regenerated plants were obtained with 50 mg/1 PAA. Three of the four green plants survived to maturity and, based on root-tip squashes stained with feulgen, all had 14 chromosomes like the anther donor parent. These anther culture-derived plants contained only some of the parental DNA bands, as observed by PCR analysis, indicating that they are of gametic origin rather than arising from somatic parental tissue. This is the first report of homozygous lines produced from this self-incompatible species. 相似文献
2.
The present investigation discusses the scope for transferring of resistance to leaf spot disease incited by Alternaria helianthi from two hexaploid wild species (H. tuberosus and H. resinosus) to diploid cultivated sunflower. Interspecific hybrids produced between sunflower and these two hexaploid species were partially fertile with tetraploid chromosome status. Backcrosses of these interspecific hybrids with cultivated sunflower resulted in the formation of sterile triploid plants. To overcome the problem of sterility and facilitate backcrosses with cultivated sunflower, anther culture of the tetraploid interspecific hybrids was carried out to bring down their chromosome number to diploid status. Anthers from both interspecific hybrids were cultured on basal Murashige and Skoog media supplemented with varying concentrations of organics and the growth regulators benzyladenine and naphthaleneacetic acid. Anthers of interspecific hybrids involving H. resinosus responded well and regenerated through an embryogenic route at a frequency of 98.7%. But in interspecific hybrids with H. tuberosus, anthers formed callus and subsequently regenerated shoots through an organogenic pathway. DNA ploidy analysis of anther culture plants of interspecific hybrids derived from H. tuberosus crosses was carried out to identify plants with desired diploid status. In vitro screening of parents, interspecific hybrids and anther culture plantlets against A. helianthi showed resistance in 68.5% of the anther culture plants of interspecific hybrids from H. tuberosus and in 24.3% of the plants derived from interspecific hybrids involving H. resinosus. 相似文献
3.
Studies of the Genetic Relationship between Anther Culture and Somatic Tissue Culture Abilities in Wheat 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
A population of thirty-eight doubled haploid lines, developed from the F1 between two wheat parents differing in anther culture and somatic tissue culture responses, ‘was used to examine the genetical control of responses to these in vitro systems. During anther culture genetic variation between lines was exhibited for frequencies of callus induction., embryo production and embryo regeneration rates. In addition the relative frequencies of green and albino plants was shown to be genotype dependent. However, there was no correlation, between the frequencies of embryo production and the regeneration rate of those embryos suggesting an independent genetic control of these two components. Transgressive segregation for performance was observed for all components indicating that at least two genes are involved in the response of each, and lines for improved performance, combining high ernoryo production rates and good regeneration capacity were identified. No genetic variation for frequencies of callus induction from immature embryos was observed in this cross. However, genetic variation for the regeneration frequencies of plants was observed. Lines with an improved tissue culture response over the two parents were identified. There was no correlation between the performance of lines in anther culture and somatic tissue culture, indicating separate genetical control, and lines with alternative levels of response to the two systems were identified. 相似文献
4.
Anther culture was applied as a method to develop the essential components of a cytoplasmic male sterility hybrid system in
rye (Secale cereale L.). These components are the male sterile seed parent (A line), its isogenic maintainer counterpart (B
line) and the restorer pollen parent (R line). Australian rye cultivars were crossed reciprocally to the cultivar ‘Luchs’
which carries the Pampa male sterile cytoplasm (cms-P). Anthers of the F1s in the cms-P cytoplasm (primary cross) and their
reciprocals in the normal cytoplasm (reciprocal cross) were cultured in a modified C17 medium. Male sterile and male fertile
doubled haploids were obtained from the anther culture of the F1s in the cms-P cytoplasm. Testcrosses indicated that the male
sterile doubled haploids were A lines and the male fertile doubled haploids were R lines (restorers). The anther culture of
genotypes in the normal cytoplasm (reciprocal cross) gave all male fertile doubled haploids. Testcrosses indicated that the
male fertile doubled haploids were R lines (restorers) in the normal cytoplasm. The expected maintainer B lines were not identified
because of the limited number of doubled haploids obtained from the anther culture of reciprocal crosses. Experimental single
cross hybrids between male sterile and restorer male fertile doubled haploids showed high levels of heterosis. The results
of this study have significant economic implications especially in the production of hybrids in several species.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
5.
Summary Possible negative effects of tissue culture on qualitative and quantitative characters have been investigated in three crosses of spring barley, using doubled haploid lines produced by anther culture (AC, with maltose as a carbon source) or the Hordeum bulbosum-method (HB). In one cross inbred lines produced by single seed descent (SSD) have also been included. Quantitative characters were investigated in a 2-year field experiment at one location. The results show that although the methods in the majority of cases gave similar results, the genotypic arrays produced were not identical. Different markers deviated in the various cross/method combinations. The ranking of methods as well as the frequencies of lines transgressive for grain yield differed between crosses. Thus no consistently negative impact of anther culture in barley has been found, and, although not identical, the various methods may be considered equivalent.Abbreviations AC
Anther Culture method
- SSD
Single Seed Descent method
- HB
Hordeum bulbosum method 相似文献
6.
玉米自交系花培反应配合力的研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用完全双列杂交试验，对６个玉米自交系组配成的１５个单交种的单株粒重配合力和花培出愈率配合力进行了研究。结果表明，在６个自交系中京４３８０的单株粒重一般配合力（ｇｃａ）最高，出愈率的ｇｃａ较高，而Ｂ６７０的单株粒重ｇｃａ最低，但出愈率的ｇｃａ却很高；单株粒重的ｇｃａ与出愈率的ｇｃａ两者不呈正相关；京４３８０×Ｂ６７０这一单交种在１５个杂交组合中出愈率最高，花培反应最强。因此在进行玉米花培育种时，如果选用含有出愈率ｇｃａ较高的亲本自交系的组合作材料，会有较高的出愈率，有可能培育出高配合力的花培系。 相似文献
7.
Summary Response of anthers in in vitro culture was examined in the indica-japonica hybrids of rice (Oryza sativa L.). Significant genotypic differences were observed for callus induction and regeneration among the different interracial hybrids of indica-japonica races. Induction frequency of haploids ranged from 57.7 to 72.9 per cent and doubled haploid androgenic lines ranged from 27.1 to 42.3 per cent in the anther culture of the different hybrids. The indica-japonica hybrids recorded partial pollen grain and spikelet fertility in F1 (29.9 to 41.5% and 19.4 to 48.7% respectively) as well as in F2 (42.7 to 50.6% and 37.1 to 54.4% respectively). In contrast, the androgenic doubled haploid lines recorded significant increase and the pollen grain and spikelet fertility was 76.3 and 78.6 per cent respecitively. The results suggested that the sterility barriers for realising genetic recombinants and fixation of fertile homozygous lines in indica-japonica hybridization programme could be overcome through F1 anther culture technique.Abbreviations BAP
Benzyl Amino Purine
- 2,4-D
2,4-Dichlorophenoxy acetic acid
- MS
Murashige & Skoog medium
- IAA
Indole Acetic Acid 相似文献
8.
萝卜花药培养技术研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
通过单倍体育种途径可快速获得纯合材料,增加有益性状的选择几率,加快育种进程。花药培养是获得单倍体的有效途径之一,已在十字花科芸薹属作物上取得巨大成功。但关于萝卜花药培养的报道极少。以15个不同类型的萝卜品种为试材,研究了花药离体培养中胚状体的诱导及再生。结果表明:基因型是限制花药培养成胚的关键因素,15个品种中,有4个品种获得了胚状体及再生苗。同时植株生长条件也对胚状体的形成产生影响。采用流式细胞仪(FCM)鉴定了再生株的倍性,再生株群体的倍性组成比较复杂,以二倍体为主。 相似文献
9.
P. Devaux 《Plant Breeding》1988,100(3):181-187
The comparison, between the efficiency of anther culture and the Hordeum bulbosum method in barley was extended to the chromosome number distributions of all planes derived from the two techniques and the proportions of fertile doubled haploid plants which survived until maturity. The frequencies of haploid and spontaneously doubled haploid plants which were useful for practical breeding purposes were found to be around 90 % for both techniques. The remainder consisted of polyploid, mixoploid and aneuploid variants in the case of microspore-derived plants and diploid interspecific hybrids in the progeny of the H. bulbosum method. The ploidy level distributions of the microspore- and H. bulbosum-derived plants appeared to be independent of the genotype of the donor. There were no significant differences between techniques regarding the proportions, of plants which survived a severe winter and the production of fertile doubled haploid plants. Both techniques can therefore complement each other in a breeding programme and their relative merits are discussed. Possible ways of improving doubled haploid production in barley are suggested for increasing its use in breeding schemes. 相似文献
10.
P. Devaux 《Plant Breeding》1987,98(3):215-219
The relative response to two-major techniques of producing haploids in barley – anther culture and the Hordeum bulbosyum method – were compared using seven F1 hybrids from a winter barley breeding programme. Both techniques were Applied to the same plants with the same number of replications. 358 viable green plants were obtained from 420 spikes ot donor plants used: 147 through anther culture and 211 through the H. bulbosum method. From the data analysis we found that the response to the two techniques was not significantly different, genotype effect and genotype × technique interaction were highly significant. The possibility of combining the two techniques in a doubled haploid production programme is discussed. 相似文献
11.
Doubled haploids have long been recognized as a valuable tool in plant breeding since it not only offers the quickest method
of advancing heterozygous breeding lines to homozygosity, but also increases the selection efficiency over conventional procedures
due to better discrimination between genotypes within any one generation. Ten cultivars of japonica rice and nine cultivars of indica rice were evaluated for androgenic response. Various doses (10–50 Gy) of gamma rays were applied to investigate the effect
of radiation on callus formation, green plant regeneration and the frequency of selected doubled haploid mutants. Similarly,
the effects of colchicine concentration (10–200 mg/l) on callus induction, regeneration and fertility of green plants were
observed. It was demonstrated that the dose of 20 Gy gamma rays and 30 mg/l concentration of colchicine have significant stimulation
effect on regeneration of green plants from rice anther culture. The high frequency of observed doubled haploid mutants indicates
that anther culture applied in connection with gamma rays is an effective way to improve rice cultivars.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
12.
In plant breeding, androgenic doubled haploids represent powerful tools to save time and resources for pure line generation.
While in many species efficient protocols are known, in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), the knowledge on the induction of androgenesis is still very scarce, and little is known about the particularities of this
highly recalcitrant species. The only known method capable of yielding haploid/doubled haploid tomato plants is anther culture.
However, this method has important limitations, including low efficiency of haploid induction and a low proportion of spontaneously
doubled haploids. To understand these limitations better, we have analyzed the process of callus formation in anthers of tomato
lines carrying the ms10
35
gene for male-sterility, using light and electron microscopy, flow cytometry and genetic analysis with morphological and
molecular markers. Our results demonstrate that haploid, doubled haploid and diploid calli occur in tomato anthers, although
at different frequencies. Diploid calli derived either from somatic cells or from the fusion of two genetically different
haploid nuclei account for more than 90% of the total of calli produced. Somatic calli are derived from the stubs of connective
tissue present in the interlocular septa of anthers. This growth is markedly increased in the ms10
35
mutants, which explains their higher callogenic rates than standard tomato lines. Together, our results reveal serious drawbacks
that explain the low efficiency of anther-derived, doubled haploid production in tomato, and stress the need for alternatives
towards doubled haploidy. 相似文献
13.
An Aegilops turcomanica-typical gliadin was discovered in sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) patterns of ethanol-soluble seed proteins from wheat lines Tr. 476, 482 and 492, which had been derived from a direct cross of Ae. turcomanica and Triticum aestivum and which revealed powdery mildew resistance due to a putative Ae. turcomanica-introgression. This Ae. turcomanica-derived gliadin was tested for its suitability as biochemical marker. For this purpose, doubled-haploid lines were produced via anther culture from crosses of Tr. 482 and Tr. 492 with actual winter wheat cultivars and breeding lines. Until now, 173 lines with Ae. turcomanica-gene(s) have been selected from 297 doubled haploid wheat lines. 相似文献
14.
Haploidy breeding and mutagenesis for drought tolerance in wheat 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Several intraspecific crosses between known drought tolerant wheat varieties and stable high yielding recombinants were made
with the objective to develop improved cultivars for the moisture stressed rainfed areas of Pakistan. Five of these crosses
were selected for further creation of useful mutations through the application of low doses of gamma rays and development
of doubled haploids through anther culture. Anther culture response of the selected irradiated F1 generations was studied on liquid and solid induction media. The highest number of calli among almost all crosses was produced
on Potato-2induction medium. All the crosses varied greatly in response to callus induction and maximum calli (75%) were obtained
from Lyl-73/vee’s’ cross. Similarly, genotypic differences were found for green vs. albino regenerants. The highest number
of green plantlets (12.1%) was recorded for Lu-26/3062. From the developed doubled haploid population 25 DH-mutants were initially
selected and nine lines were finally included in multi-locational field tests. Two DH-mutants (i.e. DHML-50 and DHML-9) have
potential for better grain yield, earliness, disease resistance and moisture stress tolerance.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
15.
Utilization of the doubled haploid method of breeding usually shortens the time to cultivar release, and methods of haploid production need evaluation in a breeding programme. Thirty-eight different three-way crosses were tested for anther culture response. On average 5.8 percent of the anthers cultured produced calli. Three crosses were found recalcitrant for callus induction. Overall, the anther culture method produced 0.6 plantlet per 100 anthers cultured. Five crosses with an average of 5.8 and 2.8 percent of anthers producing calli and plantlets, respectively, were compared using anther culture and wheat × maize crosses. Non-responsive genotypes for callus induction and plantlet formation in the anther culture method proved to be good parental material in wheat × maize crosses. The average percentages of embryo formation and plantlet production in wheat × maize crosses were 10.3 and 4.7, respectively. Anther-derived plants were cytologically unstable, whereas all the plants regenerated from wheat × maize crosses were haploids (n = 21 chromosomes). The chromosome numbers of the polyhaploids were doubled with a colchicine treatment. Improvement of the two haploid production methods to facilitate their efficient use in a breeding programme is discussed. 相似文献
16.
X. Q. Zhang X. P. Wang K. Ross H. Hu J. P. Gustafson C. O. Qualset 《Plant Breeding》2001,120(1):39-42
Powdery mildew (caused by Erysiphe graminis) and yellow rust (caused by Puccinia striiformis) are the two most serious wheat diseases found in China. Rye chromosomes, carrying genes for resistance to these diseases, were introduced into common wheat in two generations using chromosome engineering and anther culture. The F1 hybrids from a cross involving a hexaploid triticale (×Triticosecale Wittmack) בChinese Spring’ nulli‐tetrasomic N6DT6A wheat aneuploid line were anther cultured and doubled‐haploid plants were regenerated. Using genomic in situ hybridization, C‐banding and biochemical marker analyses, one of the anther‐cultured lines (ZH‐1)studied in detail, proved to be a doubled‐haploid with one rye chromosome pair added (1R) and a homozygous 6R/6D substitution (2n= 44). The line was tested for expression of disease resistance and found to be highly resistant to powdery mildew and moderately resistant to yellow rust. 相似文献
17.
Anther culture of an interspecific rice hybrid from a cross of Oryza sativa× O. rufipogon was attempted. Of the 117 regenerated pollen clones, 56 could survive to maturity. A majority of these were either haploids or doubled haploids and very few turned out to be chromosomal variants. Comparative study of doubled haploids and the seed derived F2 plants indicate the distinct advantages of anther culture techniques. (1) Androgenic plants, though few in number, showed greater ariation for all the traits with the exception of ear bearing tillers. (2) Predominance of recombinants with wild traits was observed in F2 segregation. (3) It was possible to recover indica type recombinants among the anther-derived plants with one or two traits introgressed from O. rufipogon. These results suggest the feasibility and utility of anther culture in distant hybridization for incorporation of alien variation into cultivated rice. 相似文献
18.
The cross from which the doubled haploid wheat variety ‘Florin’ is derived was made in 1978. As early as October 1985, after two years of official tests for registration, ‘Florin’ was licensed. The major advantage of anther culture is the lime saved in comparison with conventional pedigree breeding. Much research remains to be done to understand the anther culture system and to increase the efficiency of producing doubled haploids. 相似文献
19.
Summary The study was undertaken to evaluate the relative efficiency of anther culture and chromosome elimination (by crosses with maize) techniques of haploid induction in intergenotypic triticale and triticale × wheat hybrids. For this, 15 triticale × wheat and 8 triticale × triticale F1 hybrids were subjected to anther culture and were also simultaneously crossed with the `Madgran Local' genotype of maize (Zea mays L.) to induce haploids through the chromosome elimination technique. The haploid embryo formation frequency through the chromosome elimination technique was significantly higher in both, triticale × wheat (20.4%) and triticale × triticale (17.0%) F1 genotypes, as compared to the calli induction frequencies through anther culture (1.6 and 1.4%, respectively). Further, four triticale × wheat and three triticale × triticale F1 genotypes failed to respond to anther culture, whereas, all the F1 genotypes formed sufficient number of haploid embryos through the chromosome elimination technique with no recovery of albino plantlets. The haploid plantlet regeneration frequencies were also significantly higher through the latter technique in both triticale × wheat (42.7%) and triticale × triticale (49.4%) F1s as compared to anther culture (8.2 and 4.0%, respectively), where the efficiency was drastically reduced by several constraints like, high genotypic specificity, low regeneration frequency and albinism. The overall success rates of obtaining doubled haploids per 100 pollinated florets/anthers cultured were also significantly higher through the chromosome elimination technique (1.1% in triticale × wheat and 1.5% in triticale × triticale hybrids), proving it to be a highly efficient and economically more viable technique of haploid induction as compared to anther culture, where the success rates were only 0.2% and 0.1%, respectively. 相似文献
20.
Doubled haploid lines derived from anther culture of two Iranian spring wheat genotypes‘Ghods’susceptible and‘9106’resistant to yellow rust in Iranian field conditions, and their F1 hybrids were used in this study. Seedlings of 36 doubled haploid lines, selected out of 96 according to their agronomic traits and the two parental genotypes were inoculated with eight races of yellow rust. The parental genotypes (‘Ghods’and‘9106’) were segregating for some of the races but their doubled haploid lines were either resistant or susceptible to them.‘Ghods’was susceptible to three of the races studied but three doubled haploid lines derived from it were resistant to them. Five selected doubled haploids from the‘9106’genotype and six from F1 hybrid plants were resistant to all eight races tested. After further investigations in Iranian field conditions it was found that some of these lines can be used as donor genotypes for resistance to yellow rust in wheat breeding programmes. Use of these genotypes should be possible if the French yellow rust races used for selection also represent the dominant races in Iran. It can be concluded that anther culture provides an efficient method for fixing genes of resistance to yellow rust and desirable doubled haploids from F1 plants can be derived. 相似文献