共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
E. Fumagalli E. Baldoni P. Abbruscato P. Piffanelli A. Genga R. Lamanna & R. Consonni 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2009,195(2):77-88
Rice ( Oryza sativa L.) is one of the most important crops in the world and its growth is influenced by several environmental stresses, such as drought and high salinity. In our study, we first investigated the metabolic profile in shoots and roots of two rice cultivars (Arborio and Nipponbare) through 1 H-high-resolution magic angle spinning (HR MAS) and liquid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments. Drought and salt stress experiments on shoot and root growth showed Arborio seedlings to be more sensitive than those of Nipponbare to these abiotic stresses. Moreover, the metabolic content of the same samples was analysed by liquid-state NMR coupled with multivariate statistical analysis. Principal component analysis highlighted a significant accumulation of amino acids and sugars in shoots and roots under stress conditions and the existence of clear differences between the two analysed rice cultivars. In particular, Arborio seedlings accumulated a higher concentration of amino acids and sugars than Nipponbare seedlings. Furthermore, we also obtained preliminary data about metabolic changes in rice following infection with the fungus Magnaporthe grisea . This study proves that NMR technique coupled with multivariate statistical analysis is a powerful tool to assess a possible correlation between differences in metabolic profile and in tolerance/sensitivity phenotype in rice cultivars. 相似文献
2.
Summary The 6×6×4 analysis of variance of the mean percentage fertilization for six variegated cultivars of Pelargonium × Hortorum
Bailey, with mutant plastids in their germ layers, and for their isogenic green clones, shows highly significant differences between plastids and between female cultivars, while differences between male cultivars and the cultivar plastid interactions are much less significant. The suggestive maternal effect is not significant. The differences between cultivars and between plastids are attributed to additive effects corresponding to additive gene action. A comparison between the mean fertilization for mid-parents and their reciprocal sets of progeny shows a significant linear regression which is equated with the narrow heritability. The net fertilization achieved for each cultivar is thought to reflect small differences in the balance between the drive of pollen tubes down the style and the strength of their inhibition by already fertilized ovules. 相似文献
3.
R. B. Cowley G. J. Ash J. D. I. Harper A. B. Smith B. R. Cullis D. J. Luckett 《Euphytica》2012,186(3):655-669
Phenotyping assays in plant pathology using detached plant parts are multi-phase experimental processes. Such assays involve growing plants in field or controlled-environment trials (Phase 1) and then subjecting a sample removed from each plant to disease assessment, usually under laboratory conditions (Phase 2). Each phase may be subject to non-genetic sources of variation. To be able to separate these sources of variation in both phases from genetic sources of variation requires a multi-phase experiment with an appropriate experimental design and statistical analysis. To achieve this, a separate randomization is required for each phase, with additional replication in Phase 2. In this article, Phomopsis leaf and pod blight (caused by Diaporthe toxica) of Lupinus albus was used as a case study to apply a multi-phase experimental approach to identify genetic resistance to this pathogen, and demonstrate the principles of sound experimental design and analysis in detached plant part assays. In seven experiments, 250 breeding lines, cultivars, landraces, and recombinant in-bred lines from a mapping population of L. albus were screened using detached, inoculated leaves, and/or pods. The experimental, non-genetic variance in Phase 2 varied in magnitude compared to the Phase 1 experimental, non-genetic variance. The reliability of prediction for resistance to Phomopsis pod blight was high (mean of 0.70 in seven experiments), while reliability of prediction for leaf assays was lower (mean 0.35–0.51 depending on the scoring method used). 相似文献
4.
Carla Montanelli Alessandro Chiari Tiberio Chiari Federico Stefanini Gennarino Nascari 《Euphytica》1995,81(1):35-43
Summary Potato plantlets derived from in vitro propagation of three cultivars known for their field resistance (Cruza 148 and BR-63.65) or susceptibility (Désirée) to Pseudomonas solanacearum E.F. Smith were artificially inoculated under controlled conditions. The aim of this work was to determine the optimal inoculum concentration and the best observation period in which the cultivars would show different reactions to bacterial infection as expected on the basis of their field performance.A suitable statistical analysis of disease indices is proposed to distinguish between resistant and susceptible responses, with a particular care for the applicative needs and a univocal interpretation of the results. In order to evaluate the significance of sources of variation related to the observed mean differences, the analysis of variance and a convenient clustering procedure of disease index means were applied.The statistical analysis revealed that, under our conditions, an inoculum concentration of 5×106 cfu/plant was suitable for separating resistant from susceptible responses, in accordance with the reactions already observed in field experiments by other authors. Also, differences among the three cultivars were best observed nine to twelve days after inoculation with the pathogen. 相似文献
5.
In Hawaii, soybeans planted in November through January will produce yields of 25 to 50 percent compared with those planted through June. Yield components were studied for several soybean cultivars to determine which one was the most sensitive to planting dates and if there were differences between cultivars.
Soybean cultivars, Amsoy 71, Davis, Forrest, Kahala, P.I. 297,550 , and Williams were planted each month for two years. One November planting was lost, so there were 23 tests representing different environments. Each test consisted of 24 plots, six cultivars in four replications in a randomized block.
Analysis of variance of combined tests indicated significant differences between number of plants, pods per plant, seeds per pod, seed weight, yield of seed, plant height, and oil content of the seed that were due to data of planting, cultivar, and date × cultivar interaction.
Regression analysis indicated a closer relationship between pods per plant and yield during stress conditions (November through January plantings), whereas number of seeds per pod was more closely associated with yield during non-stress environments (April through June plantings). 相似文献
Soybean cultivars, Amsoy 71, Davis, Forrest, Kahala, P.I. 297,550 , and Williams were planted each month for two years. One November planting was lost, so there were 23 tests representing different environments. Each test consisted of 24 plots, six cultivars in four replications in a randomized block.
Analysis of variance of combined tests indicated significant differences between number of plants, pods per plant, seeds per pod, seed weight, yield of seed, plant height, and oil content of the seed that were due to data of planting, cultivar, and date × cultivar interaction.
Regression analysis indicated a closer relationship between pods per plant and yield during stress conditions (November through January plantings), whereas number of seeds per pod was more closely associated with yield during non-stress environments (April through June plantings). 相似文献
6.
多元统计分析在三明烟区土壤肥力评价中的运用 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
三明烟区；主成分分析；土壤肥力 《中国农学通报》2006,22(3):263-263
以福建三明烟区11个县(市)的17个土壤肥力因子为例,采用多元统计的主成分分析法对土壤肥力等级进行综合地评价,为烟区科学合理的施肥提供依据。借助SPSS统计软件,可以得出土壤肥力因子前4个主成分的特征值λ>1,且方差贡献率分别为46.528%,20.422%,10.631%,8.164%,累计贡献率为85.745%,已足够反映原指标信息。这4个主成分分别概括为(1)土壤P、土壤交换性Ca以及土壤微量元素因子;(2)土壤粘粒和土壤Mg素因子;(3)土壤有机质因子;(4)土壤酸碱度因子。再借助SPSS统计软件得出方差极大旋转后主成分因子得分,最后再计算主成分因子的综合得分。结果显示:大田县土壤肥力等级排名第一,其土壤综合肥力水平最高。 相似文献
7.
为比较不同板栗品种之间果实质地差异,采用质构仪穿刺测试和质地多面分析（TPA）法测定了16个品种板栗果实的质地特性。结果表明：板栗果实表型和质地性状变异丰富,穿刺果面硬度、果肉平均硬度、TPA硬度间呈极显著正相关,且均与果面韧性、果面脆性和紧实度呈极显著正相关（P<0.01）;单果质量和果实横径与果实硬度呈显著负相关（P<0.05）。主成分分析将17个指标（果实表型和质构仪参数指标）组合形成果实硬度、咀嚼特性、果实大小和黏附性因子4个主成分,其累计方差贡献率为89.298%。聚类分析可将这些板栗品种根据质地和表型参数分为7类,不同类别之间差异较大,表明这些特征参数可作为板栗种质资源的评价指标,为板栗鲜食品质鉴定、加工利用和品种选优提供科学依据。 相似文献
8.
D. L. Jennings 《Euphytica》1979,28(3):747-750
Summary When grown in Scotland, eight blackberry cultivars of diverse origin showed considerable variation in the dates when their first fruits ripened. These dates were determined in part by variation in the date of their first open flower and in part by variation in the number of days required from flowering to ripening. Genotype x environment interactions were important for both components, but especially for the second, where they could be attributed to heterogeneity of regressions against the environmental means. Temperature was considered the important environmental factor determining the number of days required from flowering to repening, and accumulated heat units successfully quantified the differences between cultivars for this component: cultivars required similar numbers of heat units in each season and there were no interaction effects. Heat units were not useful for study of flowering dates, however.The implications for breeding early ripening cultivars for Scotland are discussed. 相似文献
9.
小麦慢叶锈品种具有侵染率低、潜伏期长、孢子堆小、产孢量少、严重度低、病害进展曲线下面积小和病害虽流行但产量损失不显著等特点.潜伏期和扬花期平均病害严重度与产量损失的关系最密切,因此测定某一小麦品种的潜伏期(x_1)和平均病害严重度(x_2)(田间感病对照品种发病达50%或95%时),可以作为衡量该品种慢(快)叶锈性的两个指标和选种的依据.用y=94.67-3.10x_1+0.51x_2估测由叶锈造成的小区产量损失(y)有一定可靠性(R=0.96).用聚类分析法把供试品种分为慢锈、中慢、中快和快锈品种类型.苗期和成株期慢叶锈性有一定的吻合性. 相似文献
10.
Summary Improvement of dry matter production in the vegetative phase is a breeding objective in many crops, especially where whole plants or parts of plants in the vegetative phase constitute the commercial product. Dry matter production is a complex process and plant dry weight, as measured at a given date, is a complex character, of which initial weight of planting material and mean relative growth rate over the period of growth are the major components.The primary objective of the present paper is to demonstrate how a method of component analysis proposed by Sparnaaij and Bos can be used to facilitate breeding for a high rate of vegetative growth. The procedure is illustrated by data from a study of variation in forcing ability among 13 carnation cultivars. It involves a detailed analysis of mean relative growth rate over the period of vegetative growth, including components derived from observations on net rate of photosynthesis and dark respiration.It is shown how component analysis can be used (a) to quantify the relative contribution of initial plant weight and of mean relative growth rate and its components to the genetic variation in plant dry weight, thus allowing a judicious choice of selection criteria for breeding parents, and (b) to predict mean plant dry weight of F1 hybrids obtained by crossing these parent genotypes, thus facilitating the choice of crosses to be made. 相似文献
11.
Three widely used cultivars of each of the species Festuca pratensis Huds., Lolium perenne L., and Dactylis glomerata L. were
investigated by means of randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers and vegetative growth traits in order to investigate
genetic variability within each cultivar and to compare the level of diversity among cultivars and species. RAPD markers allowed
a clear separation of the three species. Genetic variability based on RAPD markers was considerably lower for F. pratensis
cultivars than for L. perenne and D. glomerata cultivars which showed similar levels of variability. The proportion of variability
due to variation within cultivars, determined by an analysis of molecular variance, was lower in F. pratensis (64.6%) than
in L. perenne (82.4%) and D. glomerata (85.1%). A comparison of F. pratensis and L. perenne, based on vegetative growth traits,
confirmed the differences in genetic variability within cultivars. F. pratensis showed lower coefficients of genetic variation
for eight of ten traits when compared to L. perenne. This study demonstrates considerable differences in genetic variability
which may have consequences for the adaptability and persistency of individual cultivars.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
12.
Joseph Akwasi Manu-Aduening Bright Boakye Peprah Adelaide Agyeman 《Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology》2013,16(1):23-28
Availability of genetic diversity is important in selecting suitable cultivars for crop improvement. Progenies of crosses between 19 farmer-preferred cassava landraces and Cassava Mosaic Disease (CMD)-resistant cultivar TME 11 were evaluated and compared with their maternal parents to assess their genetic variability and genetic gains based on CMD tolerance, some growth variables and root yield. The combined analysis of variance for the traits showed significant genotypic differences amongst the progenies and the parents. Apart from a few instances, the differences in replications and years were also significant. Genetic variability components showed high heritability ranging from 92.3 to 99.6% and moderately high genetic gains of 54.1 to 99.6% for the parental cultivars. Apart from canopy spread and plant height, heritability and genetic gains of the progenies were slightly lower than the parents indicating high variability within families of the progenies. The phenotypic coefficient of variation was slightly greater than genotypic coefficient of variation indicating minimal influence of environment on the genotypes. For most of the characters evaluated, the mean performance of the progenies was higher than their corresponding parental lines. Although the genotypes differed significantly (P < 0.001) for all traits evaluated, cultivars such as Afebankye, Bosome nsia, Cedi bankye, 262 Debor, Kwadaso 25, Nkaakom 57 and Sisipe were found to constitute a pool of germplasm with adequate variability. The negative correlation between CMD incidence and other traits evaluated showed significant progress made in the breeding program. 相似文献
13.
14.
《European Journal of Agronomy》1999,10(1):1-8
The grain protein content (GPC) in barley is influenced to a high degree by the environment and this may cause problems if the barley is intended for malt. Barley used for malt should have a GPC not exceeding 11.5% under any environmental condition. It is, therefore, important to breed for cultivars with low and less environmentally influenced GPC. In a 2-year field experiment seven spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivars, with varying GPC stability, were grown at two or three nitrogen application rates, respectively, to determine the differences in leaf area development, N-uptake, yield components, GPC and GPC stability. The time course of leaf area index was followed by measuring light transmission and light reflectance. Total shoot N and biomass and yield components were determined by sub-sampling an area of 3×0.25 m−2 at heading and at maturity. No clear differences were observed in leaf area development between cultivars with low or high GPC stability, but two of the three stable cultivars showed an earlier reduction of the leaf area and less variance in leaf area index during grain filling. Cultivars with low GPC stability tended to be late, had more biomass accumulated at heading, a larger number of ears per m2, and a higher yield and a lower GPC than more sensitive cultivars. From the results of a factor analysis an ideotype for low and stable GPC is postulated. This type is characterized by late heading, many tillers and many seeds per ear. It is suggested that breeding for a prolonged vegetative period would reduce the environmental effects on GPC. 相似文献
15.
不同杏品种果实营养成分分析及综合评价 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
为综合评价不同杏品种果实营养品质,选择具开发利用前景的品种,测定11个杏品种果实的3项外观品质（果形指数、单果重、可食率）和8项营养物质含量（可溶性固形物、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、可滴定酸、类胡萝卜素、Vc、固酸比、糖酸比）,并通过相关性分析和主成分分析对所测杏品种进行综合品质评价。结果显示,11个杏品种果实的营养成分等各项指标均存在差异,但变异程度不大。相关性分析结果表明,杏果实单果重与可食率、可溶性固形物与Vc、可溶性糖与糖酸比、固酸比与糖酸比均呈极显著正相关,可滴定酸与固酸比、糖酸比呈极显著负相关,可溶性糖与Vc、Vc与固酸比呈显著正相关。主成分分析共提取了4个主成分,累积方差贡献率为91.002%,表明影响杏果品质的主要指标为糖酸比、固酸比、可食率、单果重、果形指数、可溶性固形物等。根据这几项指标数据杏农可以进行品种选择,杏育种者可以确定新品种的开发利用前景。‘金荷包’、‘凯特’、‘兰州大接杏’、‘晚红杏’、‘新疆杏晚熟’5个品种的营养品质更优。。 相似文献
16.
[目的]为掌握沙区一年生植物个体形态和构件特征,[方法]通过样地调查、室内测定和统计分析,对民勤沙区自然分布的典型一年生植物沙米个体形态特征及构件特征进行了观测研究,并分析了构件生物量与植株高度的关系。[结果]结果表明,沙米个体形态指标值变异系数大,尤其根长和侧根数变异系数大于50 %,反映出沙米对生长环境的良好适应性和调节能力；沙米个体生物量干重介于24.55 g～138.09 g之间,各构件生物量干重分配值的大小顺序是果穗(36.51±26.07 g)>枝条(31.00±20.26 g)>叶(24.09±12.97 g)>根(6.63±3.75 g),沙米生长中将生物量尽可能多地分配到繁殖构件中；沙米单株的含水率70.89±1.61 %,构件的含水率在64.91 %～74.97 %之间,且不同构件的含水率存在差异；沙米各构件生物量分配随植株高度的增加以幂函数关系增加,是沙米个体生长发育能力调节策略的表现。[结论]沙米对生长环境的适应性选择差异造成个体形态特征的差异,生长中将尽可能多地把生物量分配到繁殖构件中以确保种的延续,可以用株高通过模拟模型来衡量出各构件的生物量分配值,为荒漠生态系统中一年生植物的研究提供支撑依据。 相似文献
17.
Effect of region on the uncertainty in crop variety trial programs with a reduced number of trials 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Results from crop variety trials may vary between geographical regions because of differences in climate and soil types. Results are usually presented at regional level. To evaluate the importance of the regions used in the Swedish variety trial programs, we examined which regions produced similar levels of yield and similar ratios in yield between cultivars; the amount by which variance could be reduced by division into regions or clusters of regions; and the amount of trials per region and year, replicates per trial, and trials per year required in order to fulfill specifications on the precision of results. Yield data from spring barley and winter wheat trials performed during 1997–2006 were studied using cluster analysis and variance component estimation. The objectives were (1) to discuss the effects of regions on precision when the number of trials has decreased; (2) to demonstrate the method; and (3) to report the results obtained. In spring barley, clusters of regions produced different levels of yield, but similar yield ratios between cultivars. In winter wheat, clusters of regions giving different yield ratios were identified. When the option of a single analysis was compared with that of region-wise analysis, the reduction in variance with the former, due to the larger number of trials, outweighed the reduction in variance with the latter due to decreased random interaction between trials and cultivars. 相似文献
18.
西洋梨品种间糖酸及风味物质含量差异性比较 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
以4个西洋梨品种为材料,通过测定果实糖酸含量和芳香成分,并计算其风味指数,研究、比较了西洋梨品种间糖酸含量、风味指数及香味成分差异。结果表明：各个西洋梨品种间糖、酸组分及含量差异较大;在其他因素一致的条件下,风味指数考虑了各个糖组分对果实风味的贡献,更能体现各个品种间果实风味的差异。4个品种中均检测到乙酸乙酯、乙酸丁酯、乙酸己酯、乙酸辛酯、丙酸乙酯、丁酸乙酯及(2E,4Z)-癸二烯酸乙酯等7种特征香味成分,但各个品种间芳香成分含量存在较大差异,而酯类芳香成分相对含量较其他特性芳香成分的相对含量较高。本研究中,从风味指数（味感物质）角度考虑,‘早红考密斯’风味最佳,‘巴梨’和‘康佛伦斯’次之,‘三季梨’风味较淡。从香味成分（嗅感物质）角度考虑,‘康佛伦斯’香味最浓,而‘早红考密斯’香味较淡。 相似文献
19.
J. M. Ngeve 《Euphytica》1993,71(3):231-238
Summary Two experiments, each involving a set of 10 sweet potato clones, were conducted for three years at 4 sites (Ekona, Ebolowa, Nkolbisson, and Bambui Plain) in Cameroon. Data obtained were subjected to analysis of variance to determine the presence of genotype x environment (G x E) interactions, and to regression analysis to assess the performance of clones across anvironments. Environments were assessed in two ways: (i) the mean response of all clones (dependent assessment), and (ii) the average performance of a different set of clones (independent assessment).The first experiment (Expt 1) produced higher yields but had fewer stable clones than the second (Expt 2).The analysis of variance revealed that the clones interacted significantly with environments for all traits.The study has identified high yielding and stable sweet potato clones for distribution to growers in the major areas of cultivation in the tountry. Despite slight differences in numbers of clones judged stable by the various regression indices in the two methods of environmental assessments, the rankings of clones on the basis of their linear regression coefficients were similar. In a developing country like Cameroon, with limited resources and where sophisticated equipment for obtaining physical or biological measures of the environment may be lacking, the mean performance of genotypes may still be the most reliable measure of environment in evaluating the stability of performance of crop cultivars. 相似文献
20.
茶树品种光合与水分利用特性比较及聚类分析 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
在自然条件下测定52个茶树品种叶片的光合与生理参数并对其进行数值分类以及主成分、聚类和判别分析。结果表明, 叶片净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、气孔导度(Gs)、胞间CO2浓度(Ci)及水分利用效率(WUE)的品种间差异达极显著水平(P<0.01); 选出3个主成分分析, 方差累计贡献率达到96.98%, Pn、Tr、Gs为第一主成分的主导因子, WUE、Ci均为第二主成分和第三主成分的主导因子; 根据Pn、Tr、Gs和WUE 4个指标聚类, 52个茶树品种聚为5类, 其中I类的15个品种为高光合速率、中等蒸腾速率、低气孔阻力、高水分利用效率类型, 可用于茶树的品种改良; 在聚类分析基础上用判别分析选出对茶树光合与生理性状数值分类有显著影响的4个参数, 建立了5个判别能力较高的判别模型。 相似文献