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1.
Chloroform, ethyl acetate, butanol and methanol extracts of fruit mesocarp of Balanites aegyptiaca and five fractions from the methanol extract were tested against the Aedes aegypti mosquito larvae. All extracts showed larvicidal effects however the highest larval mortality was found in methanol extract. One fraction obtained from the silica gel column chromatography of the latter was found most effective for larval mortality. This fraction also interfered with adult emergence. A concentration of 0.0014% (w/v) of this active fraction showed inhibition of the 50% of the test larval population from emerging adults (EC(50)). The analysis of total saponin content of these tested extracts and fractions revealed a strong correlation between saponin content and larval mortality. 相似文献
2.
Choochote W Chaithong U Kamsuk K Jitpakdi A Tippawangkosol P Tuetun B Champakaew D Pitasawat B 《Fitoterapia》2007,78(5):359-364
Essential oils extracted from ten plant species were screened for repellency against Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. Three oils; Zanthoxylum piperitum, Anethum graveolens and Kaempferia galanga, exerted protection against A. aegypti, with median complete-protection times of 1, 0.5 and 0.25 h, respectively. The protection times were increased significantly by incorporating 10% vanillin. The highest potential was established from Z. piperitum oil +10% vanillin (2.5 h, range=1-2.5 h). Mixtures from pairs of the effective oils possessed slight repellency that ranged from 0-0.5 h. None of the oil combinations repelled A. aegypti for longer than their constituent oil alone. With vanillin added, however, each oil mixture provided improved protection, which was approximately equal to oil on its own. GC/MS analysis revealed that the main component of Z. piperitum fruit oil was limonene (37.99%), with minor amounts of sabinene (13.30%) and beta-myrcene (7.17%). Repellent testing of stored samples of Z. piperitum fruit oil against A. aegypti demonstrated that repellent activity of those kept at -20 degrees C or 4 degrees C was present for a period of at least 3 months. Therefore, the essential oil of Z. piperitum fruit may prove useful in the development of mosquito repellents as an effective personal protection measure against mosquito bites. 相似文献
3.
The larvicidal activity against Aedes aegypti larvae of a stem wood hexane extract of Cybistax antisyphilitica was evaluated. Bioassay-guided fractionation of the crude extract, monitored by larvicidal assay, led to the isolation of a natural quinone identified as 2-hydroxy-3-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)-1.4-naphthoquinone (lapachol). This compound was quite potent against A. aegypti larvae (LC50 26.3 microg/ml). 相似文献
4.
Secondary metabolites from Dysoxylum malabaricum and Dysoxylum beddomei were tested against mature and immature stage of the mosquito vector Anopheles stephensi under laboratory conditions. The triterpenes 3beta,24,25-trihydroxycycloartane and beddomeilactone from D. malabaricum and D. beddomei showed strong larvicidal, pupicidal and adulticidal activity. They also affected the reproductive potential of adults by acting as oviposition deterrents. The highest concentration tested (10 ppm) of both compounds evoked more than 90% mortality and oviposition deterrence. 相似文献
5.
de Mendonça FA da Silva KF dos Santos KK Ribeiro Júnior KA Sant'Ana AE 《Fitoterapia》2005,76(7-8):629-636
The insecticidal activities of extracts and oils of seventeen medicinal plants of Brazil have been determined using an Aedes aegypti larvicidal bioassay. Oils from Anacardium occidentalis, Copaifera langsdorffii, Carapa guianensis, Cymbopogon winterianus and Ageratum conyzoides showed high activities with LC50 values of 14.5, 41, 57, 98 and 148 microg/l, respectively. The most active ethanolic extract tested was that from the stem of Annona glabra which presented an LC50 value of 27 microg/l. The potential application of cashew nut oil, an industrial by-product with low commercial value, in the control of the vector of dengue and yellow fever, may be proposed. 相似文献
6.
A toluene extract of southernwood (Artemisia abrotanum) and the essential oil from flowers of carnation (Dianthus caryophyllum ) exerted pronounced a repellent effect both against ticks (nymphs of Ixodes ricinus) and yellow fever mosquitoes (Aedes aegypti). The most potent repellents found were coumarin and thujyl alcohol from A. abrotanum and phenylethanol from D. caryophyllum where coumarin and thujyl alcohol were also detected. 相似文献
7.
In laboratory trials with the pathogenBacillus thuringiensis H-14 (B. t. H-14) against culicine larvae ofCulex pipiens L. andAedes aegypti (L.), the following factors significantly influenced larvicidal activity: larval instars, mosquito species, exposure time and temperature. Variation in water pH, however, did not significantly affected efficacy. Different levels of potentiation and additive effects were also obtained when the bacterial agentB. t. H-14 applied jointly with the chemical insecticides malathion, dursban and fenvalerate against mosquito larvae. 相似文献
8.
A botanical natural product, AkseBio2, was evaluated for its larvicidal effect against Culex pipiens under laboratory conditions. The product exhibited strong larvicidal activity and caused >90% mortalities in both the young (first-second) and the older (third-fourth) larval stages of the species at 24 h at the doses of 25 and 50 ppm. However, it was determined that the young larval stages were more susceptible to the product in comparison with the older larval stages. The results suggest that the product is promising as a larvicide against C. pipiens and could be useful in the search of new larvicidal natural compounds. 相似文献
9.
Emergency control of disease vectors requires high efficacy, rapid reaction and safe use of biocides in order interrupt transmission
cycles without harming humans, non-target animals and the environment. In countries with complex emergencies, air-borne large-scale
vector control is often limited, or impossible, due to questionable security as well as military, safety, equipment, or logistical
constraints. While facing a potential outbreak of malaria and dengue fever in the Kabul area, Afghanistan, combined with high
abundance of anopheline and Culex mosquitoes, emergency mosquito larvae control with Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (Bti) and methoprene were carried out. For the first time, larvicides were applied by using a modern fire fighting truck
in combination with aerial imaging of potential breeding sites. Three treatments with 0.07 g a.i. sterilized, water-dispersible
granular (WDG) Bti/m2 in combination with 0.0014 g a.i. methoprene/m2, or 0.07 g a.i. Bti/m2 alone, were conducted on July 29, August 29, and September 28, 2004, and significantly reduced larval indexes of 96.5 (P < 0.0001), 96.7 (P < 0.0001), and 97.6% (P < 0.0001) against anopheline, and 98.2 (P < 0.0001), 95.6 (P < 0.0001), and 96.2% (P < 0.0001) against Culex larvae, respectively. Before the larviciding campaigns started, up to 222.4 ± 32.0 mosquitoes were captured per standardized
light trap per night. During May until October 2004, the following anopheline and Culex species were abundant: A. superpictus (29.3%), A. fluviatilis (17.0%), C. pipiens (15.2%), and C. pseudovishnui (38.5%). After biolarviciding, abundance of adult mosquitoes, as measured by light trap catches 20 days post-treatment, decreased
significantly in Anopheles at 81.4 (P < 0.0001), 87.1 (P < 0.0001), and 78.2% (P = 0.01), and in part significantly in Culex for 75.2 (P < 0.0001), 78.3 (P < 0.0001), and 30.8% (P = 0.463), respectively. After the treatment, mosquito-associated annoyance complaints and disease transmission decreased
markedly, and not a single confirmed case of malaria or arbovirosis was reported. It is concluded that biolarviciding using
a fire fighting truck as the application device is a highly successful, rapid, and cost-effective method to control vector
mosquito larvae, and to reduce human exposure to mosquito-borne diseases during complex emergency situations. 相似文献
10.
Prof. Dr. Moustafa S. Saleh 《Journal of pest science》1989,62(8):158-160
The larvicidal activity of sustained-release formulations ofBacillus thuringiensis H-14 (Bactimos briquets) and controlledrelease plastic formulations of Abate against mosquito larvae ofAedes aegypti (L.) has been evaluated. The test formulations provided continuous effective control with 90–100% larval mortality for several weeks. The presence of suspended soil constituents was associated with a lowering of larval mortality and tended to reduce the durations of effective control of Bactimos and Abate plastic pellets against mosquito larvae by about 1.8 and 2.2 times, respectively. Treatments with such formulations did not appear to prevent hatch of eggs which oviposited after application, but all newly hatched larvae failed to develop beyond the second instar. 相似文献
11.
Milosavljević S Tesević V Vucković I Jadranin M Vajs V Soković M Janaćković P Jovanović A 《Fitoterapia》2007,78(4):319-322
The essential oil from the aerial parts of Seseli annuum, wild-growing in Serbia, was obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed using GC and GC/MS. A total of 43 components were identified representing 96.5% of S. annuum oil. The most abundant compounds were germacrene D (29.8%), sabinene (10.3%), beta-ocimene Z (9.8%) and limonene (8.6%). The essential oil showed antifungal activity against fifteen fungi with MICs between 12.5 to 50 microl/ml. 相似文献
12.
对浙江省德清县早园竹林进行造瘿昆虫危害和虫瘿类型调查,室内解剖和饲养观测虫瘿中的昆虫幼虫及成虫羽化情况。结果表明:(1)营林方式显著地影响造瘿昆虫2013年的造瘿率,砻糠覆盖样地造瘿率显著低于未覆盖砻糠的样地。(2)整株竹子上共获得349个虫瘿,其中新瘿291个,枯瘿58个;依据虫瘿的形态特征分成联瘿型、叶片型、叶鞘型、光瘿型和顶生型5种类型,其在整株竹子上所占比例分别为40.12%、30.95%、19.77%、6.01%和3.15%。(3)单虫瘿解剖最多可获得6头昆虫的幼虫,而联瘿型、叶片型、叶鞘型、光瘿型和顶生型虫瘿的平均幼虫数分别为1.83、2.88、2.77、1.00和2.27。(4)联瘿型、叶片型和叶鞘型虫瘿羽化出5种301头小蜂,包括竹泰广肩小蜂和刚竹泰广肩小蜂2种造瘿昆虫,栗瘿旋小蜂、点腹刻腹小蜂和纹黄枝瘿金小蜂3种寄生蜂;竹泰广肩小蜂、刚竹泰广肩小蜂和寄生蜂在3种不同类型虫瘿中的比率分别为59:18:1、70:31:2和83:31:6。研究结果将有助于加深对早园竹虫瘿的认识,并为下一步综合防治和生产实践提供理论依据。 相似文献
13.
Veras HN Rodrigues FF Colares AV Menezes IR Coutinho HD Botelho MA Costa JG 《Fitoterapia》2012,83(3):508-512
Lippia sidoides Cham. (Verbenaceae) is used in the folk medicine as topical antiseptic in skin and mucous membranes and its therapeutic effect is attributed to the thymol presence. The objective of this work was to verify the chemical composition and antibiotic modifying activity of the essential oil extracted from the leaves of L. sidoides and its major component thymol. The essential oil was obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC/MS. The synergistic activity was evaluated using gaseous contact method. The essential oil was obtained (yield of 1.06%) and the GC/MS analysis identified the main constituents: thymol (84.9%) and p-cymene (5.33%). The antibiotic modifying activity was verified using the minimal inhibitory dose method and gaseous contact. It verified the interference of essential oil and thymol against all tested aminoglycosides. There were no statistical differences between the activity of the essential oil and thymol against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, indicating this to be the responsible composition for such activity. However, the oil was shown more effective when compared to the thymol against Staphylococcus aureus. The essential oil of L. sidoides and its major component thymol influence the activity of aminoglycosides and may be used as adjuvant in antibiotic therapy against respiratory tract bacterial pathogens. 相似文献
14.
Composition of the water-distilled oil of the aerial parts of Centaurea aladagensis, endemic in Turkey, was analysed by GC-MS. Hexadecanoic acid (39.3%), caryophyllene oxide (6.6%) and hexahydrofarnesyl acetone (4.3%) were found as main constituents in the oil. The oil was tested against 7 human pathogenic microorganisms. 相似文献
15.
Insecticidal activity of Vitex mollis 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Organic extracts from the leaves of Vitex mollis were assessed for their toxic effect on fall armyworm neonate larvae (Spodoptera frugiperda), an important insect pest of corn. The extracts showed insecticidal and insect growth regulatory activity, being CHCl(3)-MeOH (1:1) extract the most active, also found to be toxic in the Artemia salina test. 相似文献
16.
Shams-Ghahfarokhi M Shokoohamiri MR Amirrajab N Moghadasi B Ghajari A Zeini F Sadeghi G Razzaghi-Abyaneh M 《Fitoterapia》2006,77(4):321-323
By using an agar dilution assay, the antifungal activity of aqueous extracts prepared from Allium cepa (onion; AOE) and Allium sativum (garlic; AGE) were evaluated against Malassezia furfur (25 strains), Candida albicans (18 strains), other Candida sp. (12 strains) as well as 35 strains of various dermatophyte species and compared with the activity of a known antifungal drug, ketoconazole (KTZ). All the AOE, AGE and KTZ were found to be able to inhibit growth of all fungi tested in a dose-dependent manner with maximum of 100% at defined concentrations. The results indicate that onion and garlic might be promising in treatment of fungal-associated diseases from important pathogenic genera Candida, Malassezia and the dermatophytes. 相似文献
17.
Essential oils of Vitex trifolia and Vitex agnus-castus were evaluated against Vth instar larvae of Spilosoma obliqua, when applied topically on the dorsal side of mesothoracic region, for insect growth regulatory activity. This treatment caused extended larval period and pupal period, increase in larval mortality and adult deformity and decrease in adult emergence, fecundity of female and egg fertility of test insect. 相似文献
18.
Dr. Moustafa S. Saleh 《Journal of pest science》1987,60(3):55-57
Two bacterial insecticides,Bacillus thuringiensis H-14 andB. sphaericus 1593 were evaluated for larvicidal potency against mosquito larvae ofAedes aegypti. LC50 values showed thatB.thuringiensis H-14 (4×105 spores/ml) had a higher pathogenicity against fourth larval instars ofA. aegypti thanB. sphaericus (3.1×106 spores/ml) by about 7.75 times. Larval selection with LC90 of both pathogens for 8 successive generations caused a decrease in the susceptibility levels of selected strains ofA. aegypti as compared with the original strain. Moreover, the results indicated that the effect of larval selection with the above bioinsecticides led to an obvious reduction in the egg production and hatchability of eggs produced by mosquito adults that developed from surviving larvae. 相似文献
19.
Fyhrquist P Mwasumbi L Vuorela P Vuorela H Hiltunen R Murphy C Adlercreutz H 《Fitoterapia》2006,77(5):358-366
Methanolic extracts (25 microug/ml) of species belonging to the genera of Combretum, Terminalia and Pteleopsis, collected during a field expedition in Tanzania in 1999, were screened for their antiproliferative and cytotoxic effects against three human cancer cell lines (HeLa, cervical carcinoma; T 24, bladder carcinoma; and MCF 7, breast carcinoma). A leaf extract of Combretum fragrans and a fruit extract of C. zeyheri gave the strongest antiproliferative and cytotoxic effects of all the twenty-four extracts screened in this investigation. In contrast to the highly powerful leaf extract of C. fragrans, the root extract of this species gave no cytotoxic effects against the investigated cancer cell lines at a concentration of 25 microg/ml. The other investigated species of Combretum and Terminalia differed greatly in their cytotoxic potential. Root extracts of Terminalia sambesiaca and T. sericea gave the strongest cytotoxic effects of the five species of Terminalia used in this study. Eight of the twenty-four investigated plant extracts showed pronounced cytotoxic effects (<30% proliferation compared to the control) against the T 24 bladder cancer cells, seven against the HeLa cells and four against the MCF 7 cells. 相似文献
20.
Effect of Feronia limonia on mosquito larvae. 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
Bioassay guided fractionation of the acetone extract of Feronia limonia dried leaves afforded a potent mosquito larvicide, identified as n-hexadecanoic acid and found to be effective against fourth instar larvae of Culex quinquefasciatus, Anopheles stephensi and Aedes aegypti, with LC50 of 129.24, 79.58 and 57.23 ppm, respectively. 相似文献