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试验旨在运用康奈尔净碳水化合物—蛋白质体系(CNCPS)和NRC模型分析比较发酵湿玉米纤维饲料(FWCGF)、湿玉米纤维饲料(WCGF)、苜蓿和青贮玉米(CS)的营养价值,预测FWCGF替代或部分替代反刍动物常用粗饲料的可行性。从黑龙江省不同牧场采集饲料样品,测出4种原料的常规营养成分,然后利用CNCPS模型剖分4种原料的蛋白质和碳水化合物组分,再通过NRC模型估测待测饲料的可消化养分和能值。结果表明:FWCGF的粗蛋白质含量高于其他3种饲料(P<0.05),FWCGF的酸性洗涤纤维含量最低(P<0.05);FWCGF的真蛋白质最高(P<0.05),FWCGF的瘤胃可降解蛋白质、可代谢蛋白质、总可消化养分和净能最高(P<0.05)。由此可见,相对于其他原料,FWCGF的可利用蛋白和纤维含量丰富,是奶牛日粮中纤维类、蛋白类粗饲料的有效替代品。 相似文献
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本试验旨在建立奶牛饲料的康奈尔净碳水化合物-蛋白质体系(Cornell net carbohydrate and protein system,CNCPS)预测小肠可消化粗蛋白质(uCP)含量的数学模型.采用CNCPS体系对13种饲料蛋白质组分进行划分,采用移动尼龙袋法测定13种饲料小肠uCP含量,试验动物为3头带有永久性瘤胃瘘管和十二指肠瘘管的荷斯坦奶牛,采用单因素试验设计.结果表明:1)豆粕、棉籽粕、菜籽粕、葵花籽粕、芝麻粕、玉米胚芽粕、米糠、米糠饼、米糠粕、大麦、麦麸、玉米和玉米麸质饲料的uCP含量分别为390.32、321.90、297.21、230.50、388.62、177.49、85.53、116.78、134.74、80.47、128.26、70.28和66.65g/kg.2)所有试验饲料实测uCP含量与CNCPS各蛋白质组分含量的回归方程为:uCP=-4.11+6.48PA+7.73PB1+5.72PB2+8.26PB3+5.11PC(R2=0.9972,P＜0.01);蛋白质饲料实测uCP含量与CNCPS各蛋白质组分含量的回归方程为:uCP=12.79+5.47PA+7.04PB1+9.74PB2+8.14PB3(R2=0.9987,P＜0.01);能量饲料实测uCP含量与CNCPS各蛋白质组分含量的回归方程为:uCP=14.80+8.55PA+6.27PB2+17.64PB3(R2=0.9874,P＜0.01).3)蛋白质饲料、能量饲料及所有试验饲料的实测uCP含量与CNCPS各蛋白质组分含量的相关系数均高于0.95,蛋白质饲料实测uCP含量与CNCPS各蛋白质组分含量的相关系数高于能量饲料.结果提示,利用CNCPS体系划分的各蛋白质组分含量预测饲料uCP含量是可行的,且预测蛋白质饲料的uCP含量比预测能量饲料的uCP含量更准确. 相似文献
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试验旨在评定安徽及其周边地区非常规饲料的营养价值,应用康奈尔净碳水化合物—蛋白质体系(CNCPS)提出的碳水化合物和蛋白质分类方法,对安徽省的合肥市、六安市、安庆市、铜陵市、亳州市、宿州市和河南省信阳市及甘肃省、黑龙江两省采集的21个非常规饲料样品进行常规营养成分分析,并通过CNCPS方法计算出饲料碳水化合物和蛋白质组分。结果显示,宿州花生桔秆可溶性蛋白占粗蛋白质(SCP/CP)比例最高(55.92%),合肥麦秸最低(6.85%);合肥油菜秸秆木质素(ADL)最高(23.16%),合肥稻草ADL最低(4.14%)。蛋白质中真蛋白的含量以合肥笋壳最高(99.83%),以宿州麦秸最低(44.96%);碳水化合物中不可利用纤维(CC)以宿州花生壳最高(47.94%),以合肥笋兜最低(10.74%)。结果表明,CNCPS体系较全面的评定了非常规饲料的营养特性,反映了非常规饲料的优劣程度,可作为安徽地区饲料营养价值评定方法。 相似文献
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用CNCPS体系评定黑龙江省西部地区奶牛饲料营养价值 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
应用康奈尔净碳水化合物-蛋白体系(CNCPS)提出的蛋白与碳水化合物分类方法,对黑龙江省西部地区15种典型奶牛饲料进行粗蛋白质(CP)、非蛋白氮(NPN)、可溶性蛋白(SP)、酸性洗涤不溶蛋白(ADIP)、中性洗涤不溶蛋白(NDIP)及酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、木质素(ADL)和淀粉进行了测定,并通过CNCPS提出的计算方法计算了饲料粗蛋白质中的非蛋白氮(PA)、快速降解蛋白质(PB1)、结合蛋白质(PC)、中度降解蛋白质(PB2)、慢速降解蛋白质(PB3)和碳水化合物中的不可利用纤维(CC)、可利用纤维(CB2)、淀粉、果胶(CB1)和糖类(CA)。结果表明:CNCPS体系分析方法测定指标较多,能够全面反映饲料的营养成分在奶牛体系的消化吸收,建议黑龙江省应用CNCPS体系对奶牛饲料营养价值进行评定。 相似文献
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应用康奈尔净碳水化合物-蛋白质体系评定我国北方奶牛常用粗饲料的营养价值 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本试验旨在应用康奈尔净碳水化合物-蛋白质体系(CNCPS)评定我国北方奶牛常用粗饲料的营养价值。分别从北京、山东、河南、河北、内蒙古等地采集奶牛常用粗饲料共3类7种33个样品,应用CNCPS中碳水化合物和含氮化合物的分类方法,测定粗饲料的营养成分,计算其碳水化合物和蛋白质组分,并进行分类分析。结果表明:粗饲料的可溶性粗蛋白质主要是非蛋白氮,真蛋白质含量相对较少;苜蓿粗蛋白质含量高,不可利用蛋白质含量较低,非结构碳水化合物含量高,是优质的粗饲料;小麦秸的不可利用纤维和不可利用蛋白质含量较高,营养价值较差;玉米青贮类饲料不可利用纤维和不可利用蛋白质含量较低,营养价值优于秸秆类饲料;糯玉米秸秆的粗蛋白质含量较高,不可利用纤维和不可利用蛋白质含量均较低,营养价值优于玉米秸和玉米秸青贮饲料。结果提示,CNCPS测定的指标较多,可一定程度上反映动物对饲料利用的情况,对饲料营养价值的评价更精确。 相似文献
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康奈尔净碳水化合物—蛋白质体系在中国的研究进展及发展趋势 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
作者从康奈尔净碳水化合物—蛋白质体系(Cornell net carbohydrate and protein system, CNCPS)饲料组分评定、基础数据库建设、模型验证及模型改进等方面综述了CNCPS在中国的研究进展,并从建设标准饲料组分剖分方法、扩大基础数据库、校正品种因子、改进瘤胃和小肠模型、开发计算机软件等方面提出了CNCPS在中国的发展趋势。随着CNCPS在中国的发展及转化,它将对中国畜牧业的发展起着重要推动作用。 相似文献
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The relationship between dry matter (DM) degradation and crude protein (CP) degradation in the dairy cow's rumen was determined with a view to defining the protein value of feeds for ruminants. The nylon bag technique was applied for these studies. For all the feeds investigate (green fodder and preserves from cocks-foot, ryegrass, alfalfa/grass and meadow grass, as well as alfalfa, extracted soybean meal) a significantly positive relationship was found to exist between the levels of DM and CP degradation (r = 0.73 to 1.0). The regression coefficient b1 (CP degradation as regressor) was found to average 0.87. The positive relationship between DM degradation and CP degradation implies that microbial protein amount and unfermented feed protein at the duodenum are negatively correlated. Model calculations show that, on account of the compensation between microbial protein and feed protein at the duodenum, in feeds with a CP concentration below 200 g/kg DM, the extent of ruminal protein degradation does not exert a marked influence on duodenal protein passage. The partial calculation of the duodenal protein supply on the basis of undegraded feed protein and microbial protein, as practiced in the new models of protein evaluation, leads to systematic errors unless the relationship between DM degradation and CP degradation is considered. 相似文献
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Spielmann J Kluge H Stangl GI Eder K 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2009,93(4):400-409
This study was performed to assess the effects of potato protein and fish protein on concentrations of lipids in plasma and lipoproteins and the expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism in pigs used as an animal model. Therefore, 27 young male pigs with an average body weight of 22 kg were fed diets supplemented with protein extracted from potatoes (containing 849 g protein/kg dry matter), Alaska Pollack fillet as a source of fish protein (containing 926 g crude protein/kg dry matter) or casein which was used as control, for 3 weeks. Diets were formulated to supply identical amounts of each protein to the pigs by the three protein sources, namely 116 g/day in first week and 150 g/day in the second and third week. Pigs fed potato protein had lower concentrations of cholesterol in plasma and LDL than pigs fed casein (p < 0.05); no effect was observed on concentrations of HDL cholesterol and triglycerides. Pigs fed fish protein had lower cholesterol concentrations in plasma, LDL and HDL, and lower triglyceride concentrations in triglyceride-rich lipoproteins than pigs fed casein (p < 0.05). mRNA concentrations of genes involved in bile acid synthesis and cholesterol uptake were higher in pigs fed fish protein than in pigs fed casein (p < 0.05); no effect on these genes was observed in pigs fed potato protein. Expression of genes involved in lipogenesis and fatty acid oxidation was not altered by fish protein. In conclusion, this study shows that fish protein and potato protein lower plasma cholesterol concentrations in pigs. The hypocholesterolaemic effect of fish protein might be in part caused by a stimulation of bile acid synthesis; the reason for the hypocholesterolaemic effect of potato protein requires further elucidation. 相似文献
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1. Experiments were conducted to investigate whether or not varying dietary protein intake affects whole-body protein turnover rates in young chicks. 2. Seven-d-old single comb White Leghorn male chicks were fed on diets with protein concentrations of 0, 100, 200 or 400 g/kg diet under conditions of ad libitum or equalised feeding. At the end of the experiments, the rate of protein synthesis and protein degradation in the whole body were measured in vivo. 3. The results showed that both fractional and absolute rates of protein synthesis increased with increasing dietary protein up to 200 g/kg; above this concentration they remained almost constant when feeding was ad libitum. 4. Similar responses were found with equalized feeding except that a significant reduction in protein synthesis was found when dietary protein was increased from 200 to 400 g/kg diet. 5. Less sensitive and almost parallel changes in protein degradation rates were found. 6. It was concluded that adaptation to varied dietary protein intake occurred primarily through changes in protein synthesis, accompanied by parallel alterations in protein degradation in the whole body. 相似文献
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A. S. Green J. J. Ramsey C. Villaverde D. Asami A. J. Fascetti 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2008,92(2):219-219
It is well-accepted that cats require more dietary protein than omnivores and herbivores. Work on hepatic enzyme activities showed that cats lack the ability to regulate the urea cycle enzymes in response to the dietary supply of protein. It was thus hypothesized that the high protein requirement of cats is due to an inability to regulate these enzymes, limiting adaptation to a low protein diet. We used indirect respiration calorimetry to assess the in vivo ability of cats to adapt substrate oxidation to different levels of dietary protein, including one below their protein requirement. In random order, eight cats consumed each of four semi-purified diets containing 7.7% (LP), 14.6% (AP), 27.3% (MP) and 51.1% (HP) of ME from protein. Cats consumed each diet for at least 14 days and then completed a 5-day nitrogen balance trial and at least 2, 12-hour indirect calorimetry measurements. The data were analyzed by anova using the Mixed procedure of SAS and are expressed as mean ± SEM. There was a significant effect of diet on protein oxidation (p < 0.0001), measuring 9.8 ± 0.5%, 13.4 ± 0.9%, 23.5 ± 0.8% and 49.0 ± 1.8% of total energy expenditure on the LP, AP, MP and HP diets, respectively. The ratio of protein oxidation/protein intake was significantly higher with the LP diet (1.27 ± 0.07) than the other three diets (AP, 0.92 ± 0.06; MP, 0.86 ± 0.03; HP, 0.96 ± 0.04; p < 0.0001), indicating a net loss of protein on the LP diet. Thus, cats adapted to a wide range of dietary protein concentrations, but were unable to fully adapt to the LP diet. 相似文献
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Two experiments were conducted to determine whether elevating the percentage of ruminally undegradable protein (RUP) in the diet would influence the RUP value of the protein feedstuff. A single-effluent, continuous-culture study was designed to test the effect of RUP inclusion rate in the diet on ruminal degradability of the protein. Treatments consisted (DM basis) of a control diet with no supplemental protein, control + 2.5% bloodmeal (BM-L), control + 5% bloodmeal (BM-H), control + 4.45% soybean meal (SBM-L), and control + 8.89% soybean meal (SBM-H). Proteolytic activity and total VFA concentration were not affected (P = 0.73 and P = 0.13) by treatment. Within protein source, dietary RUP value was not affected (P = 0.94) by level of inclusion. When corrected for control diet RUP flow, the RUP value of the blood meal (BM) protein was higher (P = 0.01) than soybean meal (SBM); however, level of supplementation did not affect (P = 0.07) the RUP value of BM or SBM. In Exp. 2, 32 British x Continental crossbred steers (276 +/- 26.3 kg) were fed for 72 d to examine the effects of balancing the AA:energy ratio, using BM as a RUP source, on ADG, G:F, and lean tissue deposition. Diets were formulated to provide increasing levels of arginine, while ruminally degradable protein and energy were held constant. Four dietary treatments provided 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2x the required amount of arginine, whereas the control diet had no BM included. Daily DMI averaged 7.6 kg/steer and did not differ (P = 0.71) among treatments. Steers gained an average of 1.9 kg/d and average G:F was 0.260, with no differences (P = 0.60 and P = 0.97, respectively) among treatments. There was no difference (P = 0.48) in the change in 12th-rib fat depth during the study; however, change in LM area was affected quadratically as the level of BM increased in the diet, with the greatest increase in LM area occurring in steers fed the 1x and 1.5x required arginine treatments. Balancing the AA:energy ratio did not affect G:F, DMI, or ADG; however, it increased deposition of lean in the LM quadratically. Level of dietary inclusion of BM as an RUP source does not affect its RUP value or efficacy of providing postruminal AA in growing steers. 相似文献