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株型对棉株14C同化物生产及运转分配的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
运用 14 C示踪技术 ,研究了简化整枝与早打主茎顶心、少留果枝改变株型对 14 C同化物生产分配的影响。结果表明 ,简化整枝蕾期、花铃期果枝叶的光合作用强度和14 C同化量均低于对照 ,且 14 C同化物向主茎和果枝的分配比例也较对照降低。简化整枝早打主茎顶心 ,可提高花铃期果枝叶、叶枝叶的光合作用强度和 14 C同化物向叶枝的分配比例。反映到产量和产量构成因素上 ,表现为简化整枝主茎结铃减少 ,叶枝结铃可弥补其损失 ,单铃重和衣分略有降低 ;简化整枝早打主茎顶心增加了叶枝结铃数 ,且单铃重和衣分略有提高。但处理间的皮棉产量均无显著差异 相似文献
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整枝方式和冠层高度对棉铃时空分布及产量的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
【目的】结合整枝方式和冠层高度这两种措施,塑造良好的群体冠层结构,实现棉花增产增效。【方法】在2016—2017年以冀棉958为试验材料,采用裂区设计,在保定清苑研究不同整枝方式(去、留叶枝)和冠层高度(高矮相间冠层、矮冠层和高冠层)对棉铃时空分布、产量及产量构成因素的影响。【结果】整枝方式和冠层高度对棉铃的时空分布具有显著影响。在时间分布上,留叶枝处理相比去叶枝处理能够显著增加"三桃"(伏前桃、伏桃和秋桃)数量;高矮相间冠层与高冠层相比伏前桃数增多,但秋桃数显著减少。在空间分布上,留叶枝使果枝结铃数下降,但果枝棉铃分布较去叶枝群体更均匀,去叶枝群体下部果枝棉铃分布较多,留叶枝群体则集中在中部果枝;不同冠层结构处理的内围铃数均多于外围铃数。整枝方式和冠层高度对棉花产量形成具有显著的互作效应,以去叶枝、高矮相间群体籽棉产量最高,但其皮棉产量和留叶枝、高矮相间群体相比,并没有显著差异。【结论】塑造留叶枝、高矮相间冠层能够促使棉株中部多结铃,增加伏桃数及其比例,提高单位面积铃数,有利于形成产量,还可节省人力和物力,节约成本,因此可作为黄河流域棉区实现棉花高产高效的一项重要简化栽培措施。 相似文献
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优质棉‘沧198’多茎株型栽培技术研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为确定优质棉‘沧198’的高产简化配套技术,进一步明确多茎栽培对不同肥力、不同气候年型的适应性,2007-2009年,采用随机区组设计方法,以常规株型为对照,连续3年研究‘沧198’多茎株型的增产效果;分析纤维品质、成铃空间分布特点及劳动效率和经济效益。结果表明：‘沧198’多茎株型在干旱或阴雨不同气候年型,均表现出显著增产效果,增产幅度12.5%~22.1%;多茎株型成铃质量空间分布,下部1~4果枝结铃单铃重平均4.47 g,略低于常规株型4.70 g;上部13~14果枝成铃质量显著优于常规株型,单铃重提高14.5%,子指增加7.5%,衣分高6.6%;叶枝结铃平均单铃重为5.2 g,不仅高于主茎1~4果枝的结铃单铃重（4.47 g）,也高于常规株型1~4果枝结铃的单铃重（4.70 g）,纤维品质与常规株型无明显差异。多茎株型与常规株型相比,节省整枝用工62.5%,劳动用工投资减少18.0%,劳动效率提高1.37倍,经济效益提高39.6%。‘沧198’多茎株型主茎和叶枝协调发育,叶枝早摘心,解决叶枝铃小、吐絮晚、质量差的技术难题,不同气候年型、不同肥力条件均表现显著的增产效果,实现了高产优质、简化、高效目标。 相似文献
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鲁西地区不同类型土壤对棉花产量及其构成因素与成铃时空分布的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为了研究鲁西地区不同类型土壤对棉花产量及其构成因素与成铃时空分布的影响,以自育棉花新品种‘聊棉6号’为试验材料,研究了不同土质对棉花产量构成因素、主要农艺性状以及不同时期不同部位果枝成铃情况的影响。结果表明:壤土土质棉花产量最高,不同类型土壤间皮棉产量与籽棉产量差异显著,成铃数是导致产量差异显著的主要因素,籽棉产量与成铃数呈极显著正相关,皮棉产量与成铃数呈显著正相关;不同类型土壤棉花不同时期成铃数占总铃数的比例均以伏桃最高;棉花6果枝以上成铃数以壤土土质最高,1~10果枝的成铃数占总铃数的68.34%~87.47%,鲁西地区棉株成铃以中下部为主。 相似文献
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棉花打顶和保留营养枝的效应研究 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
为适应生产上对棉花简化栽培技术的需求,以‘华杂棉H318’为材料,设置打顶整枝（A）、打顶留叶枝（B）、不打顶留叶枝（C）、不打顶整枝（D）4个处理,在大田条件下,对打顶、整枝对棉花产量和品质的影响进行研究。结果表明,打顶使棉花的平均成熟期延迟5~6天。打顶、留叶枝有利于棉花茎枝、叶片和生殖器官干物质的积累。留叶枝单株铃数增加,单铃重和衣分降低,籽棉产量和皮棉产量与整枝处理相当,打顶、留叶枝对棉花纤维品质的影响不大,最后得出打顶留叶枝处理最好。 相似文献
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抗虫棉多茎株型栽培技术研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为探讨棉花高产简化栽培新途径,通过十年连续田间试验,对棉花株型调控技术、不同株型不同部位及叶枝的成铃质量、多茎株型适宜的种植密度及品种适应性进行了研究。结果表明：利用叶枝塑造的株型为多茎倒伞型,其株型调控技术是留叶枝早摘心,主茎12 台果枝打顶、叶枝7 月5 日（初花期）摘心处理籽棉产量最高,较其他处理增产9.0%~10.9%;叶枝成铃单铃重高于多茎株型及常规株型下部1~4 台果枝结铃单铃重,纤维品质无明显差异;多茎株型栽培适宜的密度适应范围是3.3 万株/hm2~5.1 万株/hm2;多茎株型品种适应性广,叶枝发达的杂交棉品种增产潜力更大。多茎株型栽培高产简化技术关键是：扩行距、适密度、留叶枝、早摘心。 相似文献
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留叶枝去早果枝对抗虫棉生长发育及产量的影响 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
为探索留叶枝去早果枝对抗虫棉生长发育和产量的影响，于2004—2005年以两个不同熟性的抗虫棉品系K640和K9918为材料，在济南和临清进行了留叶枝去早果枝试验研究。结果表明，与正常整枝（去叶枝）相比，留叶枝去早果枝显著促进了两个品系的株高增长和叶面积扩展，叶面积系数提高了24%~94%。早熟品系K640在2004年和2005年分别比正常整枝增产7.4%和15.6%，而中早熟品系K9918的产量在2004年与正常整枝相当、2005年减产12.0%。留叶枝去早果枝显著减少了伏前桃比例，而相应提高了伏桃和秋桃的比例。留叶枝去早果枝对平均衣分影响不大，但显著影响铃数。分析认为，留叶枝去早果枝对棉花生长发育和产量的效应主要是通过提高叶源、降低库源比实现的，只有在叶源相对不足的情况下采取该措施才有增产作用。 相似文献
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在不同密度、播期处理条件下,研究荆早棉1号的成铃空间分布,结果表明:密度增加,叶枝数、叶枝成铃数、主茎果枝数、果枝成铃数、单株成铃数减少;播期延迟,叶枝数、叶枝成铃数明显增加,果枝数、果枝成铃数及单株成铃数明显减少。各处理不同部位果枝、果节上成铃数占单株总铃数的比率总体表现为:1~5果枝6~10果枝11~15果枝16及以上果枝;1~2果节3~4果节5节及以上果节。1~10果枝、1~2果节的成铃数占全株铃数的比率高,则产量表现好;反之,则产量表现差。 相似文献
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研究结果表明：（１）病害烂铃在棉株上的水平、垂直和外扩三方向上的分布模型均呈ｙ＝ａｘｂ（ｂ＜０），以棉株基部１～３台果枝和２．６个圆锥体围层上的烂铃为主，分别占烂铃总数的８９．２２％和９７．８４％。（２）棉铃虫蛀害烂铃在棉株上的水平方向分布模型：３～１０台呆枝上呈ｙ＝ａｘ２＋ｂｘ＋ｃ（ａ＜０），另２～３果节上虫蛀烂铃最多；１１～１８台果枝上为ｙ＝ａｘｂ（ｂ＜０），第１～２果节上虫蛀烂铃最多。垂直方向分布模型为ｙ＝ａｘ２＋ｂｘ＋ｃ（ａ＜０），第１１台果枝上虫蛀烂铃最多；虫蛀烂铃以１１～１５台果枝上的另１～２天节上分布为核心，占虫蛀烂铃总数的５４．７６％。（３）上述结果对指导棉花烂铃防治具有重要的科学意义。 相似文献
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苗期干旱和施肥对棉花生长发育的影响 总被引：15，自引：3，他引：12
以晋棉21号为试材,采用盆栽试验、大田仿真的方法,研究了棉花苗期水分干旱胁迫和施肥互作对棉花生长发育的影响。结果表明:①苗期干旱水分胁迫对控制棉花主茎生长速度、降低主茎高度、培育壮苗有明显作用;②棉花苗期水分干旱胁迫持续10~20 d,能有效减少6月份以前早期花蕾的脱落率,结果导致棉花群体吐絮高峰提前10 d左右,在施肥不足情况下,7月底以前形成的早期幼铃脱落率较高,但增加施肥具有降低脱落率的明显效果;③晋中为特早熟棉区,9月1-21日采收的棉花铃重、衣分和衣指相对较高,品质相对较好,通过苗期水分干旱胁迫与施肥技术的合理搭配,能使棉花吐絮高峰期集中在9月上、中旬,提高棉花优质铃比率,是晋中地区棉花高产优质栽培,充分发挥优质品种增产潜力的关键措施。 相似文献
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J. G. Bhatt 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》1987,159(4):264-268
In three genotypes of cotton differing in height, reproductive growth increased with the increase in number and size of the leaves and was maximum when leaf area was also maximum. After this stage though the leaf area continued to remain high for 3 weeks and then declined, more buds were shed than produced. Within genotypes the taller type LRA 5166 produced more leaves with greater area than MCU-5 whereas the dwarf type KD (CAKD) had more leaves with lesser area than MCU-5. The maximum leaf area as well as the yield of seed cotton were one and a half times in LRA 5166 than in MCU-5. Though the maximum leaf area in MCU-5 was also one and a half times than in KD (CAKD) , their seed cotton yields were the same. Since even during the period of maximum reproductive growth substantially more number of leaves were produced by LRA 5166 and KD (CAKD) than MCU-5 , maintenance and retention of bolls appeared to depend not only on leaf number and area but on their photosynthetic efficiency and perhaps nutrient reserves. 相似文献
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棉花株间竞争对铃重及成铃数的影响 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
在黄淮海气候生态条件下,研究了种植密度对棉花不同部位铃重和结铃数的影响,探讨了黄淮海地区棉花产量进一步提高的途径。结果表明：在正常气候年份下,低密度1.5万株/hm2与高密度9万株/hm2处理下均不利于群体产量的提高,中等密度6万株/hm2处理下群体产量则能够保持较高水平。试验表明,增加密度能增加单位面积总铃数,但密度过高削弱了棉株个体发育,造成单铃重降低,不利于提高棉产量。棉铃在不同密度处理下均集中于3~10果枝,因此提高中部果枝铃重对棉花生产意义很大。农业生产中要注意个体与群体的平衡以获取最高经济效益。 相似文献
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不同生长调节剂对棉花赘芽生长及产量性状的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
为了研究新型生长调节剂对棉花赘芽生长及产量性状的影响,探索棉花规模化种植过程中抑制赘芽滋生、简化整枝管理的新技术。在大田条件下设置了多铃专家、艾氟迪与生长调节剂缩节胺(DPC)的对比试验,对棉花植株形态、赘芽生长、成铃空间分布以及产量进行了研究。结果表明：喷施多铃专家、艾氟迪后,对棉株上部主茎节间平均长度和中上部果枝平均长度的生长抑制作用弱于缩节胺;单株赘芽鲜重和干重均显著小于缩节胺处理,单株赘芽鲜重为对照的54.8%和49.4%,单株赘芽干重为对照的53.2%和54.8%,单株赘芽总长度为对照的69.0%和58.1%;单株成铃数比对照高7.0%和12.3%,产量分别比对照高12.6%和10.2%,多铃专家处理提高了棉株内围铃数,艾氟迪处理则主要增加了棉株外围铃数,两者还有增加主茎叶腋处桠铃的趋势。 相似文献
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Quantitative Trait Locus Mapping of Number and Percentage of Cracked and Open Bolls in Gossypium hirsutum L. 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
LI Jun-Wen JIA Fei SUN Fu-Ding LIU Ai-Ying SHI Yu-Zhen GONG Ju-Wu SHANG Hai-Hong WANG Tao GONG Wan-Kui JIA Xin-He ZHANG Jian-Hong YUAN You-Lu HUA Jin-Ping 《棉花学报》2013,25(6):471-477
The recombinant inbred lines(RI) and immortalized F2 (IF2) populations derived from the cross between Gossypium hirsutum L. lines sGK9708×0-153 were used to detect quantitative trait loci(QTLs) underlying the number of cracked and open bolls (COP) and percentage of open bolls (POB). Field experiments were conducted in Quzhou, Hebei Province in 2009 and in Anyang, Henan Province, in 2009 and 2010. QTL analysis was conducted by the CIM method. Seven and 11 QTLs, which explained 5.86%～11.28% and 4.68%～9.84% of the phenotypic variation of COB and POB, respectively. Three, two, one, and one QTLs related to COB were located on chromosomes 25, 16, 18, and LG49, respectively; while six, two, two, and one QTLs related to POB were on chromosomes 25, 16, 18, and LG49, respectively. However, no common QTLs were detected in the RI and F2 populations. qPOB-16-2 was detected in the RI population in three environments, and qCOB-16-1, qPOB-5-3, and qPOB-25-4 were detected in two environments. These stable QTLs might be useful for molecular-assisted selection in future cotton breeding programs. 相似文献
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Fu Huijie Xue Guojuan Liao Baopeng Qi Haikun Xu Dongyong Tan Weiming Du Mingwei Tian Xiaoli Li Zhaohu 《棉花学报》2021,32(6):561-568
[Objective] Early initiation and early maturity are the foundation of high yield and good quality of cotton. The purpose of this study is to determine the effects of plant growth regulators applied at the seedling and squaring stage on the early initiation of flower bud and the rate of the opened cotton boll (ROCB) during later development period, and to provide practical measures for hastening the maturity of cotton. [Method] Several plant growth regulators were applied from cotyledonary to squaring stage under greenhouse and field conditions, water was used as the control. The first fruiting branch node (indicating the initiation of flower bud), the number of bud prior to blooming and the ROCB at mid-term of boll maturation period (23 September, 2017) were compared among treatments. [Result] Under greenhouse conditions, gibberellic acid (GA3) applied at the cotyledonary stage with 140 μmol·L－1 as well as the three consecutive applications of sodium nitrophenolate (CSN, 2.23 μmol·L－1) at the cotyledonary, two-leaf and four-leaf stage made the first fruiting branch node move down by about 0.9 nodes. In field experiments, the application of gibberellin4+7(GA4+7, 288 and 576 μmol·L－1) at the cotyledonary stage significantly decreased the first fruiting branch node by about 0.4 nodes. Also, the application of 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BA, 44.4 μmol·L－1) at the three-leaf stage significantly decreased the first fruiting branch node by 0.2 nodes. However, there was no significant correlation between the first fruiting branch node and the ROCB in late September. Moreover, the application of Brassinolide (BR, 0.10 μmol·L－1) at the bud stage increased the ROCB in late September, which was mainly associated with the increased boll set in the lower and middle fruiting branches. [Conclusion] The reasonable distribution of bolls (concentrated in the lower and middle fruiting branches as well as inner fruiting sites) is more important for the earliness of cotton than lowering the first fruiting branch node. 相似文献
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以美棉33B为材料,于棉花中部果枝开花时进行干旱处理(土壤相对含水量由(75±5)%自然减少直至吐絮),研究花铃期干旱对棉铃对位叶糖代谢及铃重的影响。结果表明,花铃期干旱处理,棉铃对位叶净光合速率降低,且中部降幅上部下部;棉铃对位叶可溶性糖含量下部和上部果枝增加而中部降低,蔗糖含量增加而淀粉降低,表明干旱促进叶片光合产物向蔗糖分配;棉铃对位叶蔗糖磷酸合酶、蔗糖合酶活性降低、酸性转化酶活性先降低后增加,且对中部和上部的影响大于下部,表明蔗糖合成受抑制,而其降解先抑制后促进,降低可供外运的蔗糖水平。干旱条件下铃重降低,中部降幅上部下部。因此,棉铃对位叶蔗糖合成减少和外运受抑制是花铃期干旱条件下铃重降低的蔗糖代谢基础。 相似文献
19.
夏棉高产优质栽培措施优化决策及生育模型研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
试验选用播期（x1）、密度（x２）、追纯氮（x3）打顶留果枝数（x4）、去蕾果枝数（x5）五因素五水平二次正交旋转回归设计，对夏棉农艺组合措施、群体动态、成铃分布及产量结构进行研究，通过对建立起皮棉产量、霜前花两个目标性状的回归模型进行分析，结果表明，筛选出兼顾高产、优质的综合农艺措施决策方案是合理的。同时研究了夏棉高产优质的群体生育动态，找出了看苗促控的管理指标及成铃分布状况和产量构成因素相互影响彼此消长的互变关系, 进而模拟出不同产量水平的产量结构，明确了夺取夏棉高产优质的主攻方向，实现夏棉高产优质。达到667m2产皮棉60 kg，霜前籽棉200kg以上的综合农艺措施决策方案为5月20~23日播种，密度7.3~7.5千株，追纯氮11.04~12.0 kg，打顶留果枝数8.4~8.7个，去下部1个果枝的早蕾。 相似文献
20.
YANG Chang-Qin LIU Rui-Xian YANG Fu-Qiang ZHANG Guo-Wei XU Li-Hua ZHOU Zhi-Guo 《棉花学报》2014,26(5):452-458
This study aimed to illustrate the mechanism of sucrose metabolism in subtending leaves of cotton bolls and its relationship with boll weight under drought stress during flowering and bolling stages. The 2-year-long experiments were conducted using pools of upland cotton(Gossypium hirsutum L.) plants, NuCOTN 33B, subjected to drought stress (relative water content reduced naturally until the boll opening stage) on the day of anthesis of the middle fruiting branches (MFB), using well-watered conditions as the control. The net photosynthetic rate declined under drought stress in the boll's subtending leaf, respectively, and the decline range was MFB>upper fruiting branch (UFB)>lower fruiting branch (LFB). Drought stress increased the soluble sugar contents of subtending leaves at LFB and UFB but decreased them at MFB. Sucrose content was increased and starch content decreased concomitantly, indicating that drought facilitated the partitioning of photosynthate into sucrose. Drought stress also depressed the activities of sucrose phosphate synthase and sucrose synthase, while acid invertase activity was initially decreased and then increased. The changes of MFB and UFB exceeded those of LFB, indicating that sucrose synthesis was inhibited, the degradation was first inhibited then promoted, causing a reduction in the amount of sucrose available for export. As a result, the boll weight declined during drought, and the decline range was MFB>UFB>LFB. In conclusion, the decreased sucrose synthesis and the impaired sucrose efflux of subtending leaves of bolls were the main causes for decreased boll weight under drought conditions during flowering and bolling stages of cotton. 相似文献