共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
The endocrine regulation of aging by insulin-like signals 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Reduced signaling of insulin-like peptides increases the life-span of nematodes, flies, and rodents. In the nematode and the fly, secondary hormones downstream of insulin-like signaling appear to regulate aging. In mammals, the order in which the hormones act is unresolved because insulin, insulin-like growth factor-1, growth hormone, and thyroid hormones are interdependent. In all species examined to date, endocrine manipulations can slow aging without concurrent costs in reproduction, but with inevitable increases in stress resistance. Despite the similarities among mammals and invertebrates in insulin-like peptides and their signal cascade, more research is needed to determine whether these signals control aging in the same way in all the species by the same mechanism. 相似文献
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Age-dependent changes in proteins of Drosophila melanogaster 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
J E Fleming E Quattrocki G Latter J Miquel R Marcuson E Zuckerkandl K G Bensch 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1986,231(4742):1157-1159
Several molecular theories of aging postulate that there are age-dependent changes in gene expression and that these changes contribute to the reduction in the viability of senescent cells. High-resolution, semiautomated, quantitative two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of many soluble proteins was used to test this hypothesis in Drosophila. Two-dimensional protein gel patterns were analyzed for each of three age groups of [(35)S]methionine-labeled adult male Drosophila melanogaster, which, except for their spermatocytes, consist entirely of fixed postmitotic cells. Seven relatively abundant polypeptides expressed in middle-aged (28-day-old) flies were absent in both young(10-day-old) and old (44-day-old) flies. Quantitative analyses of an additional 100 polypeptides were carried out by computer-assisted microdensitometry of fluorograms of the gel preparations. These analyses revealed a significant age-related heterogeneity in the quantitative distribution of radiolabel in these proteins. The data indicate that the qualitative pattern of gene expression is identical in young and old flies, but that profound quantitative changes occur in the expression of proteins during the Drosophila life-span. 相似文献
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以黑腹果蝇(Drosophila melanogaster)为试验材料,探讨了亚硝酸钠对果蝇寿命的影响及维生素C(Vc)的拮抗作用.结果表明:培养基中添加亚硝酸钠可以显著缩短果蝇的平均寿命,添加30、120和480 mg/mL亚硝酸钠处理组的雌果蝇平均寿命分别减少17.60%、44.47%和68.52%,雄性果蝇分别减... 相似文献
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A fundamental question in aging research is whether humans and other species possess an immutable life-span limit. We examined the maximum age at death in Sweden, which rose from about 101 years during the 1860s to about 108 years during the 1990s. The pace of increase was 0.44 years per decade before 1969 but accelerated to 1. 11 years per decade after that date. More than 70 percent of the rise in the maximum age at death from 1861 to 1999 is attributable to reductions in death rates above age 70. The rest are due to increased numbers of survivors to old age (both larger birth cohorts and increased survivorship from infancy to age 70). The more rapid rise in the maximum age since 1969 is due to the faster pace of old-age mortality decline during recent decades. 相似文献
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[目的]探讨各培养基成分对雌果蝇寿命的影响。[方法]通过测定雌果蝇的寿命、鲜重及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性,研究了不同培养基成分对雌果蝇寿命及体重的影响。[结果]含酵母粉的培养基显著延长了雌果蝇的寿命,而浓度变化对雌果蝇的寿命没有显著影响;不同浓度白砂糖对雌果蝇寿命的影响呈现倒钟型的曲线,当培养基中糖浓度为40.5 g/L处果蝇出现寿命最长;若糖浓度过低和过高,都不利于果蝇的生长,存活率呈急剧下降趋势;果蝇鲜重随着糖浓度的升高出现下降的趋势;不同糖浓度下SOD活性的变化并没有出现随寿命延长而呈逐渐升高的趋势。[结论]酵母粉浓度变化对处女蝇的寿命延长无显著影响,一定糖浓度使果蝇处于饥饿状态,寿命最长。 相似文献
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Sinclair DA 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2003,301(5641):1859-1860
It is well established that as we age our cancer risk increases dramatically. As Sinclair explains in his Perspective, the link between cancer and aging is now solidified by new work in budding yeast (McMurray and Gottschling). As yeast cells age there is a marked increase in their genetic instability (a hallmark of cancer), which is independent of the mechanism that determines their life-span. 相似文献
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用TTC法测定了顶坛花椒花粉的活力和寿命,用拟合二次方程(Quadratic)、分析建立曲线估计模块(Curve estimation)的方法分析了顶坛花椒花粉活力和寿命对微量元素Zn的响应。研究结果表明:在3~8年和生长在海拔600 m左右的顶坛花椒花粉具有较强活力,散粉后花粉的最长寿命为6 d。当ZnSO4浓度为0.08%时,各年龄级的顶坛花椒花粉活力达到最大值;ZnSO4浓度为0.06%时,Zn可以促使不同海拔的顶坛花椒花粉活力达到最大值;当ZnSO4浓度为0.09%时,顶坛花椒花粉寿命可以从散粉后6 d延长到7 d。因此,当ZnSO4浓度为0.06%~0.09%,顶坛花椒花粉活力和花粉寿命均能大幅度提高。 相似文献
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【目的】利用重要的模式生物果蝇研究沙丁胺醇的作用机制,探索瘦肉精对生物体产生的影响及其分子机制,为进一步在生产中开发出更快速、精准且高效的瘦肉精检测方法提供重要的基础。【方法】将果蝇一龄幼虫放到不同浓度的沙丁胺醇培养基上饲喂,每天记录果蝇化蛹和羽化的情况,并统计出果蝇的化蛹率和羽化率及化蛹时间和羽化时间。收集24 h内羽化的果蝇,放入不同浓度沙丁胺醇培养基和基础培养基中,每管放入雌雄果蝇各25只,每个浓度设置4个平行实验。每天记录果蝇的存活数,每3 d更换一次培养基,直至果蝇全部死亡。分别统计雌雄果蝇半数死亡天数,平均寿命和平均最高寿命。收集不同浓度沙丁胺醇培养基上的3日龄成虫,雌雄果蝇各取15只放入离心管,研磨制成组织匀浆,离心（2 500 r/min,10 min）后取上清,然后按照试剂盒的方法测定SOD和CAT活力,同时检测MDA的含量;以果蝇3日龄成虫的中肠细胞为研究对象,采用单细胞凝胶电泳技术（Single cell gel electrophoresis, SCGE）对细胞进行处理,经EB染色后,在荧光显微镜下观察果蝇细胞DNA损伤情况并拍照,结合CometscoreTM软件对图像进行分析。【结果】在沙丁胺醇的作用下,果蝇化蛹率和羽化率随处理浓度增加而降低,但是经统计分析发现差异不显著（P＞0.05）,对果蝇化蛹时间和羽化时间也没有显著影响（P＞0.05）;用沙丁胺醇饲喂果蝇之后,对3日龄成虫体内SOD、CAT活力和MDA含量进行测定表明,随处理浓度的增加使体内MDA含量显著增加（P＜0.05）,CAT的活力被抑制,呈现出显著降低的趋势（P＜0.05）,促使体内抗氧化系统产生作用SOD活力显著提高（P＜0.05）;正是由于机体内抗氧化系统的保护机制产生作用,使得在一定浓度下处理的果蝇寿命呈现增加的趋势。对果蝇DNA损伤检测的试验表明,经沙丁胺醇处理之后,果蝇细胞就出现损伤,在SCGE的检测下可以观察到DNA损伤形成的拖尾,并且随着浓度的增加损伤情况也越严重,但是彗星图片中没有出现细胞核首尾分离的情况,可知沙丁胺醇并没有引起细胞凋亡。经统计分析,各处理浓度组的“彗星”尾长（Tail length, TL）、尾距（Olive tail moment, OTM）和尾部DNA百分含量（% DNA in tail）,与对照组相比,均有显著差异（P＜0.05）。【结论】沙丁胺醇对果蝇化蛹和羽化没有显著影响;对果蝇抗氧化系统产生作用,抑制CAT活力,使SOD活力显著增加,使得在较高浓度处理时出现显著延长果蝇的寿命的情况;经沙丁胺醇处理之后,就会引起果蝇DNA损伤并且与对照组存在显著差异,但是并没有出现细胞凋亡的情况。 相似文献
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Ecdysone, the major steroid hormone of Drosophila melanogaster, is known for its role in development and reproduction. Flies that are heterozygous for mutations of the ecdysone receptor exhibit increases in life-span and resistance to various stresses, with no apparent deficit in fertility or activity. A mutant involved in the biosynthesis of ecdysone displays similar effects, which are suppressed by feeding ecdysone to the flies. These observations demonstrate the importance of the ecdysone hormonal pathway, a new player in regulating longevity. 相似文献
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Pennisi E 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2000,290(5499):2048
On page 2137, a research team reports the discovery of a gene that, when altered, can double the life-span of fruit flies and may one day offer the promise of perpetual youth. Preliminary data suggest that the protein encoded by this gene transports and recycles metabolic byproducts. The researchers think that defects in the gene can lead to production of a protein that renders metabolism less efficient; as a result the body functions as if the fruit fly were dieting, even though its eating habits are unchanged. The work may lead to a better understanding of how metabolism plays into aging. 相似文献
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When organisms as diverse as yeast and rodents are subjected to a restricted diet, they live longer. The good news is, according to Vaupel, Carey, and Christensen in their Perspective, that switching to a restricted diet at any age can yield the benefit of increased longevity--at least in flies (Mair et al.). 相似文献
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Drosophila exhibits a circadian rest-activity cycle, but it is not known whether fly rest constitutes sleep or is mere inactivity. It is shown here that, like mammalian sleep, rest in Drosophila is characterized by an increased arousal threshold and is homeostatically regulated independently of the circadian clock. As in mammals, rest is abundant in young flies, is reduced in older flies, and is modulated by stimulants and hypnotics. Several molecular markers modulated by sleep and waking in mammals are modulated by rest and activity in Drosophila, including cytochrome oxidase C, the endoplasmic reticulum chaperone protein BiP, and enzymes implicated in the catabolism of monoamines. Flies lacking one such enzyme, arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase, show increased rest after rest deprivation. These results implicate the catabolism of monoamines in the regulation of sleep and waking in the fly and suggest that Drosophila may serve as a model system for the genetic dissection of sleep. 相似文献
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A mutant Drosophila insulin receptor homolog that extends life-span and impairs neuroendocrine function 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Tatar M Kopelman A Epstein D Tu MP Yin CM Garofalo RS 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2001,292(5514):107-110
The Drosophila melanogaster gene insulin-like receptor (InR) is homologous to mammalian insulin receptors as well as to Caenorhabditis elegans daf-2, a signal transducer regulating worm dauer formation and adult longevity. We describe a heteroallelic, hypomorphic genotype of mutant InR, which yields dwarf females with up to an 85% extension of adult longevity and dwarf males with reduced late age-specific mortality. Treatment of the long-lived InR dwarfs with a juvenile hormone analog restores life expectancy toward that of wild-type controls. We conclude that juvenile hormone deficiency, which results from InR signal pathway mutation, is sufficient to extend life-span, and that in flies, insulin-like ligands nonautonomously mediate aging through retardation of growth or activation of specific endocrine tissue. 相似文献
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菜喜和集琦虫螨克对小菜蛾生产发育、存活和生殖的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在室内测定了抗生素杀虫剂菜喜和集琦虫螨克对小菜蛾卵及幼早生长发育，成虫存活及生殖的影响，结果表明，这两种药剂对小菜峨卵的孵化率没有影响，但能大大降低初孵幼虫的存活率，对幼虫的生物活性，均随虫龄的增加面下降，且集琦虫螨克的活性远比菜喜高，菜喜对小菜蛾4龄幼虫化蛹率有显著降低作用，但对肾的羽化率，雌成虫寿命及产卵量却没有明显影响；而集琦虫螨克则对4龄幼虫的化蛹率、蛹羽化率及羽化后成虫的产卵量均有显著的降低作用，用菜喜和集琦虫螨克的田间推荐浓度药液饲喂小菜蛾成虫，均能显著减少雌成虫的产卵量，但对雌雄成虫的寿命影响不大。 相似文献
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Cell biology of synaptic plasticity 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
The nervous system of mammals retains throughout the animals' life-span the ability to modify the number, nature, and level of activity of its synapses. Synaptic plasticity is most evident after injury to the nervous system, and the cellular and molecular mechanisms that make it possible are beginning to be understood. Transplantation of brain tissue provides a powerful approach for studying mechanisms of synaptic plasticity. In turn, understanding the response of the central nervous system to injury can be used to optimize transplant survival and integration with the host brain. 相似文献
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Increased life-span of age-1 mutants in Caenorhabditis elegans and lower Gompertz rate of aging 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
T E Johnson 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1990,249(4971):908-912
A mutation in the age-1 gene of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans has been shown to result in a 65 percent increase in mean life-span and a 110 percent increase in maximum life-span at 25 degrees. One of the hallmarks of organismic aging and senescent processes is an exponential acceleration of age-specific mortality rate with chronological age. This exponential acceleration is under genetic control: age-1 mutant hermaphrodites show a 50 percent slower rate of acceleration of mortality with chronological age than wild-type strains. Mutant males also show a lengthening of life and a slowing of the rate of acceleration of mortality, although age-1 mutant males still have significantly shorter life-spans than do hermaphrodites of the same genotype. The slower rates of acceleration of mortality are recessive characteristics of the age-1 mutant alleles examined. 相似文献
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Mutagenicity of glutathione and cysteine in the Ames test 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Postmitochondrial supernatant from rat liver and kidney homogenates transformed cysteine into a mutagen that reverted bacteria of the strain Salmonella typhimurium TA100 to histidine independence. Glutathione was also activated by kidney postmitochondrial supernatant but not by liver preparations. Hence, important endogenous compounds of mammals are positive in the most commonly used short-term test for carcinogenicity and mutagenicity. Glutathione is positive in the test even at concentrations found in mammalian tissues. 相似文献