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目前胶乳工业中常用的硫化促进剂如TMTD（秋兰姆类）、ZDC（二硫代氨基甲酸盐类）等,均会在胶乳制品硫化过程中产生强致癌N-亚硝胺,对人类健康产生严重影响。采用硫磺硫化体系,考察未产生有毒N-亚硝胺的促进剂四苄基二硫化秋兰姆（TBzTD）对天然胶乳配合胶膜的硫化性能及其硫化胶膜力学性能的影响。同时也考察氧化锌（ZnO）及硫化温度对天然胶乳配合胶膜的硫化性能及硫化胶膜力学性能的影响。结果表明：随TBzTD,ZDC及ZnO用量的增加和硫化温度的提高,天然胶乳配合胶膜的硫化速度显著提高;当用量为0.5~1.5份时,随TBzTD用量的增加,天然胶乳硫化胶膜的定伸应力、拉伸强度及撕裂强度均先增大后减小;随着硫化温度（90~110 ℃）的提高,以ZDC作为促进剂的硫化胶膜的力学性能先提高后降低,而以TBzTD为促进剂的硫化胶膜的力学性能则逐渐提高。 相似文献
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二异丁基二硫代氨基甲酸锌（ZDiBC）因其分子中二异丁胺的支化结构产生的空间位阻作用,使其与通用的未支化同类超促进剂相比在硫化过程中可显著降低N-亚硝基胺类物质的生成,是一种高效、制得硫化胶力学性能良好的环保型促进剂。而ZDiBC对硫化天然胶乳的胶体性能研究未见有报道。本研究采用硫磺为硫化剂,以ZDiBC为天然胶乳硫化促进剂,并与胶乳工业常用的二乙基二硫代氨基甲酸锌（ZDC）作对比研究,考察促进剂的用量、胶乳硫化温度和贮存时间对硫化天然胶乳粘度、机械稳定度、热稳定度的影响。结果表明：ZDiBC对硫化天然胶乳的粘度和机械稳定度的影响大于ZDC,对热稳定度的影响相差不大;随胶乳硫化温度的增加以ZDiBC和ZDC为促进剂的硫化胶乳粘度升高,而硫化胶乳机械稳定度和热稳定度则降低;随贮存时间的延长硫化胶乳的粘度增加,且ZDiBC为促进剂的硫化胶乳粘度增加幅度大于ZDC,硫化胶乳的机械稳定度略有增加而其热稳定度呈下降的趋势。 相似文献
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低氨浓缩天然胶乳能在一定程度上缓解高氨胶乳带来的氨污染问题,并在多种乳胶制品中获得越来越广泛的应用。本研究采用BCT-2、HY、HM和LS 4种天然胶乳保存剂与氨复合保存制备低氨浓缩胶乳,并与高氨浓缩胶乳进行对比分析,研究不同保存体系低氨浓缩胶乳性能之间的差异。结果表明,4种保存体系对低氨浓缩胶乳保存效果良好,均能达到GB/T 8289—2016国家标准的要求。其中,BCT-2保存的低氨浓缩胶乳挥发脂肪酸值（VFA No.）最低,但胶乳黏度值最高,机械稳定度（MST）最低,稳定性最差;此外,橡胶粒子平均粒径较高;热稳定性和氧化锌机械稳定性（ZST）较低;干胶膜强度较高。HY保存的低氨浓缩胶乳VFA No.较低,黏度最低,MST和热稳定度最高;浓缩胶乳预硫化速度最快;预硫化胶乳黏度最低,MST和热稳定度最高;硫化胶膜强度较高。HM保存的低氨浓缩胶乳黏度较低;MST较高,稳定性良好;浓缩胶乳干胶膜强度最低;浓缩胶乳预硫化速度最慢。LS保存的低氨浓缩胶乳VFA No.较高,黏度值较高;MST较低,稳定性较差;橡胶粒子粒径最小;浓缩胶乳干胶膜和硫化胶膜强度均最高;干胶膜热稳定性最好。对比分析表... 相似文献
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研究二硫化钼用量、不同改性二硫化钼对天然胶乳胶膜力学性能的影响,在最佳用量之下,用硅烷偶联剂KH550、KH560、KH570以及Si69对二硫化钼进行改性,研究二硫化钼与天然胶乳硫化胶膜的力学性能,并通过热重分析仪分析其热稳定性,扫描电镜（SEM）分析二硫化钼在胶膜中的分散效果。结果表明：随着二硫化钼用量的增加,硫化胶膜的力学性能先增加后降低,当二硫化钼的用量为6份和9份时天然胶乳硫化胶膜的力学性能较好;使用KH560改性过的二硫化钼制得天然胶乳硫化胶膜的性能好,且KH560的最佳用量为2份时,硫化胶膜的力学性能最好,且此改性二硫化钼在天然胶乳中的分散效果好;热失重分析可知,改性的硫化胶膜的热稳定性有所提高。 相似文献
5.
有机硅氧烷接枝改性天然胶乳的性能 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
研究有机硅氧烷接枝改性天然胶乳及其胶膜的性能.结果表明：接枝改性胶乳的机械稳定性、粘度均高于未改性胶乳的,与未改性胶乳生胶膜及硫化胶乳胶膜相比,接枝改性胶乳生胶膜及其硫化胶乳胶膜有更好的力学性能和耐溶剂性能、耐水性能.TG,DTG和DSC分析表明：与普通天然橡胶相比,有机硅氧烷接枝改性天然橡胶的热稳定性能明显提高.DMA分析测试表明：接枝改性胶乳的有机硅与天然橡胶具有一定的相容性;有机硅改性天然胶乳硫化胶膜的贮能模量E＇比天然胶乳硫化胶膜的小,表明改性后的回弹性降低. 相似文献
6.
天然胶乳很容易腐败变质,而当前的高氨保存体系存在严重的污染问题。本研究采用硫酮衍生物LS保存天然胶乳,研究保存剂LS对天然胶乳的保存效果。结果表明：LS保存的鲜胶乳挥发脂肪酸值（VFA No.）和黏度值均比较低,当LS用量为0.1%时,对鲜胶乳的保存效果优于0.25%氨;采用LS-氨复合保存制备低氨浓缩胶乳,当LS用量为0.01%～0.05%时可稳定保存浓缩胶乳达180d之久;所保存的低氨浓缩胶乳挥发脂肪酸值（VFANo.）较低,稳定性良好,各项指标均满足当前生产应用需求。此外,LS-氨复合保存低氨浓缩胶乳具有优异的理化性能和成膜性能,硫化胶膜的拉伸强度和撕裂强度普遍优于当前高氨保存浓缩胶乳。通过红外吸收光谱分析,LS-氨复合保存的低氨浓缩胶乳硫化胶膜的结构无明显变化;热分析结果表明,硫化胶膜热稳定性与高氨浓缩胶乳胶膜基本一致。此外,安全性分析结果表明,LS-氨复合保存低氨浓缩胶乳干胶膜不具有潜在毒性影响;同时无皮肤刺激性反应,安全性良好。硫酮衍生物LS对天然胶乳具有优异的保存效果,复合保存制备低氨浓缩胶乳性能良好,可用于多种纯胶制品的生产,同时使用成本低廉,具有广阔的应用前景。 相似文献
7.
低蛋白天然胶乳的制备及其性能研究 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
应用2709碱性蛋白酶与稳定体系并用脱除天然胶乳（NRL）蛋白质的生物化学方法,采用多变元析因设计安排试验,研究了低蛋白天然胶乳（LPNRL）的稳定体系、酶的用量及制备条件、LPNRL的贮存及应用性能。研究结果表明:（1）2709碱性蛋白酶与稳定体系并用对鲜胶乳的脱蛋白效果较好;（2）所制备的LPNRL的氮含量为0.06％～0.07％,水溶性蛋白质（WSP）含量为1.8μg/g胶膜,达到国际上同类型产品的先进水平;（3）与正常NRL相比,LPNRL的硫化速率稍慢,但其硫化胶乳的贮存性能稳定,成膜性能良好;其干胶膜的物理性能稍低,但差别不大。 相似文献
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以过硫酸钾(KPS)为引发剂,采用种子乳液聚合的方法合成了天然橡胶(NR)-g-甲基丙烯酸丁酯(BMA)共聚物。采用正交实验的方法研究了引发剂用量、反应温度、NR/BMA质量比对接枝率和接枝效率的影响,并采用红外(IR)、差示扫描量热法(DSC)以及透射电镜对NR-g-BMA进行了表征。结果显示:当NR/BMA质量比为100/80、KPS用量为0.25 phr(每100 g干基质量)、反应温度为60℃时接枝率和接枝效率最高;红外谱图表明BMA成功接枝到NR分子链上;DSC分析表明NR和PBMA为部分相容体系;TEM观察发现NR-g-BMA胶乳粒子是NR为核,PBMA为壳的核壳结构。按照不同配比制备了甲基丙烯酸丁酯接枝天然橡胶(GNR)与天然橡胶(NR)共混硫化胶膜,并测定了共混硫化胶膜老化前后的力学性能、邵氏硬度A、交联密度。结果表明,GNR/NR硫化胶膜相较于单纯天然橡胶的老化前后的抗拉伸强度及撕裂强度有明显的提高。 相似文献
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Lakshman Lal 《Potato Research》1987,30(2):329-334
Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong
(1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage,
sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over
45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield
of a subsequent crop. 相似文献
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《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):81-114
Summary The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices. 相似文献
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M. I. Siri P. Villanueva M. J. Pianzzola L. Franco Fraguas G. Galván M. Acosta F. Ferreira 《Potato Research》2004,47(3-4):127-138
Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results
for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin
presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear
relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins
and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds. 相似文献
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Novel food and non-food uses for sorghum and millets 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4
Sorghum and millets have considerable potential in foods and beverages. As they are gluten-free they are suitable for coeliacs. Sorghum is also a potentially important source of nutraceuticals such antioxidant phenolics and cholesterol-lowering waxes. Cakes, cookies, pasta, a parboiled rice-like product and snack foods have been successfully produced from sorghum and, in some cases, millets. Wheat-free sorghum or millet bread remains the main challenge. Additives such as native and pre-gelatinised starches, hydrocolloids, fat, egg and rye pentosans improve bread quality. However, specific volumes are lower than those for wheat bread or gluten-free breads based on pure starches, and in many cases, breads tend to stale faster. Lager and stout beers with sorghum are brewed commercially. Sorghum's high-starch gelatinisation temperature and low beta-amylase activity remain problems with regard to complete substitution of barley malt with sorghum malt . The role of the sorghum endosperm matrix protein and cell wall components in limiting extract is a research focus. Brewing with millets is still at an experimental stage. Sorghum could be important for bioethanol and other bio-industrial products. Bioethanol research has focused on improving the economics of the process through cultivar selection, method development for low-quality grain and pre-processing to recover valuable by-products. Potential by-products such as the kafirin prolamin proteins and the pericarp wax have potential as bioplastic films and coatings for foods, primarily due to their hydrophobicity. 相似文献
17.
Alejandro Carlos Tozzini María Fernanda Ceriani María Verónica Saladrigas H. Esteban Hopp 《Potato Research》1991,34(3):317-324
Summary Clones derived from thirty-one different accessions (nineteen of Argentine origin) belonging to eightSolanum species were screened for resistance to infection by potato virus X strain cp (PVX cp) by mechanical inoculation of plantlets
that had been micropropagated in vitro. Estimates of PVX multiplication obtained by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and
slot blot nucleic acid hybridization allowed the identification of resistant clones derived from five accessions belonging
toS. commersonii S. oplocense, S. sparsipilum andS. tuberosum andigena. Resistant genotypes supported PVX concentrations 5 to 15 times smaller than did the susceptible control cultivar Spunta.
Graft inoculation test confirmed the presence of extreme resistance similar to that conferred by the ‘immunity’ gene X1 (also called RXact). 相似文献
18.
Rita Favas Janaína Morone Rosrio Martins Vitor Vasconcelos Graciliana Lopes 《Marine drugs》2022,20(3)
The loss of density and elasticity, the appearance of wrinkles and hyperpigmentation are among the first noticeable signs of skin aging. Beyond UV radiation and oxidative stress, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) assume a preponderant role in the process, since their deregulation results in the degradation of most extracellular matrix components. In this survey, four cyanobacteria strains were explored for their capacity to produce secondary metabolites with biotechnological potential for use in anti-aging formulations. Leptolyngbya boryana LEGE 15486 and Cephalothrix lacustris LEGE 15493 from freshwater ecosystems, and Leptolyngbya cf. ectocarpi LEGE 11479 and Nodosilinea nodulosa LEGE 06104 from marine habitats were sequentially extracted with acetone and water, and extracts were analyzed for their toxicity in cell lines with key roles in the skin context (HaCAT, 3T3L1, and hCMEC). The non-toxic extracts were chemically characterized in terms of proteins, carotenoids, phenols, and chlorophyll a, and their anti-aging potential was explored through their ability to scavenge the physiological free radical superoxide anion radical (O2•−), to reduce the activity of the MMPs elastase and hyaluronidase, to inhibit tyrosinase and thus avoid melanin production, and to block UV-B radiation (sun protection factor, SPF). Leptolyngbya species stood out for anti-aging purposes: L. boryana LEGE 15486 presented a remarkable SPF of 19 (at 200 µg/mL), being among the best species regarding O2•− scavenging, (IC50 = 99.50 µg/mL) and also being able to inhibit tyrosinase (IC25 = 784 µg/mL), proving to be promising against UV-induced skin-aging; L. ectocarpi LEGE 11479 was more efficient in inhibiting MMPs (hyaluronidase, IC50 = 863 µg/mL; elastase, IC50 = 391 µg/mL), thus being the choice to retard dermal density loss. Principal component analysis (PCA) of the data allowed the grouping of extracts into three groups, according to their chemical composition; the correlation of carotenoids and chlorophyll a with MMPs activity (p < 0.01), O2•− scavenging with phenolic compounds (p < 0.01), and phycocyanin and allophycocyanin with SPF, pointing to these compounds in particular as responsible for UV-B blockage. This original survey explores, for the first time, the biotechnological potential of these cyanobacteria strains in the field of skin aging, demonstrating the promising, innovative, and multifactorial nature of these microorganisms. 相似文献
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Alejandro M. S. Mayer Abimael D. Rodríguez Orazio Taglialatela-Scafati Nobuhiro Fusetani 《Marine drugs》2013,11(7):2510-2573
The peer-reviewed marine pharmacology literature from 2009 to 2011 is presented in this review, following the format used in the 1998–2008 reviews of this series. The pharmacology of structurally-characterized compounds isolated from marine animals, algae, fungi and bacteria is discussed in a comprehensive manner. Antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, antituberculosis, and antiviral pharmacological activities were reported for 102 marine natural products. Additionally, 60 marine compounds were observed to affect the immune and nervous system as well as possess antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory effects. Finally, 68 marine metabolites were shown to interact with a variety of receptors and molecular targets, and thus will probably contribute to multiple pharmacological classes upon further mechanism of action studies. Marine pharmacology during 2009–2011 remained a global enterprise, with researchers from 35 countries, and the United States, contributing to the preclinical pharmacology of 262 marine compounds which are part of the preclinical pharmaceutical pipeline. Continued pharmacological research with marine natural products will contribute to enhance the marine pharmaceutical clinical pipeline, which in 2013 consisted of 17 marine natural products, analogs or derivatives targeting a limited number of disease categories. 相似文献
20.
Chitosan is considered to be one of the most promising and applicable materials in adsorption applications. The existence of amino and hydroxyl groups in its molecules contributes to many possible adsorption interactions between chitosan and pollutants (dyes, metals, ions, phenols, pharmaceuticals/drugs, pesticides, herbicides, etc.). These functional groups can help in establishing positions for modification. Based on the learning from previously published works in literature, researchers have achieved a modification of chitosan with a number of different functional groups. This work summarizes the published works of the last three years (2012–2014) regarding the modification reactions of chitosans (grafting, cross-linking, etc.) and their application to adsorption of different environmental pollutants (in liquid-phase). 相似文献