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1.
以龙州和显脉两种金花茶幼苗为材料,通过缺水方式进行干旱胁迫处理,以探讨金花茶幼苗抗氧化能力以及渗透含量变化对干旱胁迫的响应.结果表明:(1)随着干旱胁迫时间的延长,金花茶幼苗叶片的相对含水量、叶绿素含量逐渐减少,但相对电导率、H202、MDA、可溶性总糖、脯氨酸的含量却逐渐升高；叶片的抗氧化酶SOD、CAT活性呈先升后降的趋势.(2)干旱胁迫下,与显脉金花茶相比,龙州金花茶的叶绿素含量和抗氧化酶活性较高,其叶片的相对电导率、H202和MDA积累量低于显脉金花茶.说明叶片的高活性的抗氧化能力和渗透物质含量的增加促进龙州金花茶叶片的保水能力,减轻干旱胁迫伤害. 相似文献
2.
土壤水分胁迫对槟榔幼苗叶片生理的影响 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
以海南长蒂种槟榔幼苗为材料,采用盆栽试验,通过控制土壤含水量,研究不同水分胁迫对槟榔幼苗叶片的生理生化指标的影响规律。结果表明:经土壤水分胁迫处理后,槟榔幼苗叶片的丙二醛(MDA)含量、脯氨酸(Pro)含量、可溶性糖(SS)含量及可溶性蛋白含量均呈现上升趋势;过氧化物酶(POD)活性和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性呈先升高后下降趋势,过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性则显示先降低而后升高趋势。并且,随着水分胁迫强度的增加及持续时间的延长,槟榔幼苗叶片的各项指标变化幅度差异较大。综合分析,初步认为:土壤相对含水量75%左右较有利于槟榔幼苗的生长。 相似文献
3.
采用10%聚乙二醇6000模拟干旱胁迫,研究稀土元素钕对干旱胁迫下玉米幼苗根系抗旱性的影响。结果表明,干旱胁迫显著提高根系丙二醛(MDA)含量和过氧化氢(H_2O_2)含量,提高超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)活性,显著降低了过氧化物酶(POD)、谷胱苷肽转移酶(GST)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPX)活性,显著降低抗坏血酸(As A)和谷胱苷肽(GSH)含量及根系生物量。干旱胁迫加剧了根系的氧化胁迫,玉米幼苗根系通过增强抗氧化酶活性抵抗干旱胁迫。外源氯化钕(NdCl_3)处理可显著提高干旱胁迫下玉米幼苗根系抗氧化酶SOD、POD、CAT、GST、GPX活性,显著提高AsA和GSH含量和根系生物量,显著降低MDA和H_2O_2含量,对APX活性无显著影响。盆栽实验结果进一步说明,NdCl_3对轻度和中度土壤干旱下玉米幼苗抗旱性均具有促进作用,对中度土壤干旱下玉米幼苗的抗旱性促进作用更佳。NdCl_3可提高玉米幼苗根系的抗旱能力,缓解干旱胁迫造成的伤害。 相似文献
4.
以闽引圆叶决明(Chamaecrista rotundifolia)CPI86134及其辐射选育新品系86134R1为材料,采用盆栽控水试验的方法,研究干旱胁迫对其叶片若干生理指标的影响.结果表明:随着干旱胁迫程度的加重和胁迫时间的延长,圆叶决明的叶片保水力和脯氨酸含量呈上升趋势,叶片相对含水量和叶绿素含量呈下降趋势:而可溶性蛋白质含量随干旱胁迫程度的加重而升高,随胁迫时间的延长而降低.通过对干旱胁迫下CPI86134与86134R1几项抗旱生理指标的比较,显示辐射选育新品系86134R1比CPI86134具有更好的耐旱性. 相似文献
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《中国稻米》2015,(4)
通过人工控温,对水稻品种空育131叶片在孕穗期遭受低温胁迫后的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和过氧化物酶(POD)的酶活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量进行了研究。结果表明,3种保护酶(SOD、CAT、POD)活性随着处理温度的降低呈升高的变化趋势,随着处理时间的延长呈先升高(1~3 d)后下降(3~5 d)的变化趋势;SOD和CAT酶活性随着处理后恢复生长时间的延长而呈下降的变化趋势,而POD酶活性则相反;丙二醛(MDA)含量受低温胁迫后上升,随着处理温度的降低和处理时间延长呈再升高的变化趋势,随着处理后恢复生长时间的延长而呈逐渐降低的变化趋势。因此处理温度越低,持续时间越长,叶片受害越严重;受害温度高、时间短的处理在保护酶的作用下可基本恢复正常生长。 相似文献
7.
PEG胁迫对抗旱性不同的小麦幼苗光合关键酶活性的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了解小麦幼苗叶片C4途径酶对干旱胁迫的响应,以小麦节水耐旱品种西农1043和水地品种陕253为材料,通过水培实验,分析了20%PEG胁迫后小麦幼苗叶片的叶绿素含量、相对含水量及C3、C4光合途径酶活性的变化。结果表明,随着PEG胁迫时间的延长,小麦叶片叶绿素含量、相对含水量和C3途径关键酶Rubisco活性均下降,且陕253的降幅相对较大,而C4途径关键酶活性均呈先升后降趋势。PEG胁迫下,C4途径酶CA、PEPC、NADP-MDH、NADP-ME、NAD-ME和PPDK活性最大增幅分别达到19.3%(P0.05)、34.7%(P0.05)、52.3%(P0.01)、93.7%(P0.01)、56.6%(P0.01)和91.3%(P0.01),且西农1043的C4途径关键酶活性较陕253增加明显。说明干旱胁迫下小麦幼苗叶片高活性的C4途径相关酶可能在光合固碳及耐旱生理机制中起着重要作用。 相似文献
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干旱胁迫对紫苏种子萌发及幼苗生理特性的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
《中国油料作物学报》2015,(5)
以不同浓度的聚乙二醇(PEG-6000)模拟干旱胁迫对紫苏种子及幼苗进行处理,测定种子萌发率(Gr)、萌发指数(GI)、发芽势(Gp)、活力指数(Vi)以及幼苗的主根长、苗高、鲜重、SOD、POD、CAT和MDA含量等指标,以探讨紫苏的抗旱机理,为其种植栽培提供理论依据。结果表明:随干旱胁迫强度的增加,紫苏种子的萌发率、萌发指数、发芽势、活力指数均呈现下降趋势,轻度干旱(PEG质量分数为2.5%~10%时)胁迫下,上述指标的变化差异不显著(P0.05);中度干旱胁迫下(PEG-6000溶液浓度为15%~20%),种子发芽率显著降低(P0.05);而当PEG-6000溶液浓度达到25%(重度干旱胁迫)时,种子几乎不能萌发。随干旱强度的增加,紫苏幼苗的苗高、鲜重显著降低,主根长表现为先增加后降低;SOD、POD及CAT等3种抗氧化酶活性均呈现出先升高后降低的变化趋势;MDA质量分数呈现出持续上升的趋势。上述结果表明:干旱胁迫对紫苏种子萌发和幼苗生长均有明显的抑制作用,但同时紫苏种子及幼苗也能够通过其自身的生理生化变化来主动适应外界的干旱环境。 相似文献
10.
以剑麻(H·11648)幼苗为材料,采用盆栽试验的方法,研究了剑麻对干旱胁迫的生理响应.试验对剑麻幼苗进行干旱胁迫处理,每隔15d测定叶片相对含水量(RWC)、相对电导率(REC)、丙二醛(MDA)、过氧化物酶(POD)、脯氨酸(Pro)和根系活力(TTC)的变化,共处理90d.结果表明,随着干旱胁迫时间的增加,叶片含水量有所下降,下降最大幅度为8.64%,而相对电导率、丙二醛含量和脯氨酸含量却明显上升,最大增幅分别为86.22%,80%和41.54%,过氧化物酶活性和根系活力则呈现先上升后下降的趋势,峰值分别为1326.33u/g.Fw和2.66g/g.h. 相似文献
11.
Joseph E. Laferriere Charles W. Weber Edwin A. Kohlhepp 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1991,41(3):277-282
Teas of plant origin traditionally consumed by the Mountain Pima of Chihuahua, Mexico, were analyzed for mineral nutritional content. Fe, Cu, Zn, Ca, and Mg composition was determined for native teas made from shoots ofTagetes lucida, T. filifolia, Elytraria imbricata, andHolodiscus dumosus, and from root xylem ofCeanothus depressus andPhaseolus ritensis. Native uses of these teas are also described. 相似文献
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Lakshman Lal 《Potato Research》1987,30(2):329-334
Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong
(1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage,
sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over
45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield
of a subsequent crop. 相似文献
14.
《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):81-114
Summary The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices. 相似文献
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Tatiana G. Polotow Sandra C. Poppe Cristina V. Vardaris Douglas Ganini Maísa Guariroba Rita Mattei Elaine Hatanaka Maria F. Martins Eduardo F. Bondan Marcelo P. Barros 《Marine drugs》2015,13(10):6117-6137
Health authorities worldwide have consistently recommended the regular consumption of marine fishes and seafood to preserve memory, sustain cognitive functions, and prevent neurodegenerative processes in humans. Shrimp, crabs, lobster, and salmon are of particular interest in the human diet due to their substantial provision of omega-3 fatty acids (n-3/PUFAs) and the antioxidant carotenoid astaxanthin (ASTA). However, the optimal ratio between these nutraceuticals in natural sources is apparently the key factor for maximum protection against most neuro-motor disorders. Therefore, we aimed here to investigate the effects of a long-term supplementation with (n-3)/PUFAs-rich fish oil, ASTA-rich algal biomass, the combination of them, or krill oil (a natural combination of both nutrients) on baseline redox balance and neuro-inflammation indexes in cerebellum and motor cortex of Wistar rats. Significant changes in redox metabolism were only observed upon ASTA supplementation, which reinforce its antioxidant properties with a putative mitochondrial-centered action in rat brain. Krill oil imposed mild astrocyte activation in motor cortex of Wistar rats, although no redox or inflammatory index was concomitantly altered. In summary, there is no experimental evidence that krill oil, fish oil, oralgal biomass (minor variation), drastically change the baseline oxidative conditions or the neuro-inflammatory scenario in neuromotor-associated rat brain regions. 相似文献
17.
Youna Hemery Ulla Holopainen Anna-Maija Lampi Pekka Lehtinen Tanja Nurmi Vieno Piironen Minnamari Edelmann Xavier Rouau 《Journal of Cereal Science》2011
Wheat bran is a composite material made of several layers, such as pericarp, testa and aleurone. It could be fractionated into purified fractions, which might either be used as food ingredients, or serve as a starting material for extraction of bioactive compounds. The aim of this work was to evaluate the potential of using electrostatic separation as a way to obtain purified fractions from wheat bran. Ultrafine-ground bran obtained either by cryogenic grinding or by grinding at ambient temperature was used as starting material. The ultrafine bran was then charged by tribo-electrification and introduced in a chamber containing two high voltage electrodes, where bran particles were separated depending on their acquired charge, allowing positively and negatively charged fractions to be collected separately. The particle size distribution, microstructure and biochemical composition of the obtained fractions were studied. The charge of the particles was influenced by their biochemical composition: particles rich in highly branched and cross-linked arabinoxylans (pericarp) were separated from particles rich in β-glucan, ferulic acid and para-coumaric acid (aleurone cell walls). The testa and the intracellular compounds from aleurone were not highly charged, neither positively nor negatively. The most positively charged fraction represented 34% of the initial bran, and contained 62% of the ferulic acid present in the initial bran. The yield of the separation process was good (5.4% loss), and could be further increased. 相似文献
18.
M. I. Siri P. Villanueva M. J. Pianzzola L. Franco Fraguas G. Galván M. Acosta F. Ferreira 《Potato Research》2004,47(3-4):127-138
Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results
for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin
presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear
relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins
and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds. 相似文献
19.
Alexander N. Shikov Elena V. Flisyuk Ekaterina D. Obluchinskaya Olga N. Pozharitskaya 《Marine drugs》2020,18(11)
Marine organisms represent an excellent source of innovative compounds that have the potential for the development of new drugs. The pharmacokinetics of marine drugs has attracted increasing interest in recent decades due to its effective and potential contribution to the selection of rational dosage recommendations and the optimal use of the therapeutic arsenal. In general, pharmacokinetics studies how drugs change after administration via the processes of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME). This review provides a summary of the pharmacokinetics studies of marine-derived active compounds, with a particular focus on their ADME. The pharmacokinetics of compounds derived from algae, crustaceans, sea cucumber, fungus, sea urchins, sponges, mollusks, tunicate, and bryozoan is discussed, and the pharmacokinetics data in human experiments are analyzed. In-depth characterization using pharmacokinetics is useful for obtaining information for understanding the molecular basis of pharmacological activity, for correct doses and treatment schemes selection, and for more effective drug application. Thus, an increase in pharmacokinetic research on marine-derived compounds is expected in the near future. 相似文献
20.
Novel food and non-food uses for sorghum and millets 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4
Sorghum and millets have considerable potential in foods and beverages. As they are gluten-free they are suitable for coeliacs. Sorghum is also a potentially important source of nutraceuticals such antioxidant phenolics and cholesterol-lowering waxes. Cakes, cookies, pasta, a parboiled rice-like product and snack foods have been successfully produced from sorghum and, in some cases, millets. Wheat-free sorghum or millet bread remains the main challenge. Additives such as native and pre-gelatinised starches, hydrocolloids, fat, egg and rye pentosans improve bread quality. However, specific volumes are lower than those for wheat bread or gluten-free breads based on pure starches, and in many cases, breads tend to stale faster. Lager and stout beers with sorghum are brewed commercially. Sorghum's high-starch gelatinisation temperature and low beta-amylase activity remain problems with regard to complete substitution of barley malt with sorghum malt . The role of the sorghum endosperm matrix protein and cell wall components in limiting extract is a research focus. Brewing with millets is still at an experimental stage. Sorghum could be important for bioethanol and other bio-industrial products. Bioethanol research has focused on improving the economics of the process through cultivar selection, method development for low-quality grain and pre-processing to recover valuable by-products. Potential by-products such as the kafirin prolamin proteins and the pericarp wax have potential as bioplastic films and coatings for foods, primarily due to their hydrophobicity. 相似文献