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1.
小麦条锈病是由小麦条锈菌引起的气传性真菌病害,在全球小麦种植区广泛发生,严重威胁小麦的安全生产。充分利用寄主抗病性是防治条锈病最经济的方法。富含亮氨酸重复类受体蛋白激酶(leucine-rich repeat receptor-like protein kinase, LRR-RLK)作为RLK家族最大分支的模式识别受体,在防御病菌入侵方面发挥重要作用。本研究系统鉴定了小麦LRR-RLKs家族成员,从小麦与条锈菌互作的转录组数据库中筛选出了43个显著差异表达的LRR-RLKs,最后选取了在亲和与非亲和互作过程中都显著上调表达的TaRLK3D.2为对象,利用实时定量PCR、亚细胞定位及大麦条纹花叶病毒介导的基因沉默初步研究了该基因在小麦与条锈菌互作过程中的功能。结果表明TaRLK3D.2定位于植物细胞膜,瞬时沉默TaRLK3.2后,条锈菌侵染严重度显著下降,生长发育变慢。作为典型的LRR-RLKs家族成员,TaRLK3D.2在小麦条锈菌侵染过程中可能行使感病功能。本研究初步明确了该基因的功能,以该基因为靶标通过基因编辑或诱变获取稳定的功能缺失突变体可创制持久抗条锈病材料,为生产服务。 相似文献
3.
本论文选用以中国春(Chinese Spring)为背景的小麦抗秆锈病近等基因系,与我国小麦秆锈菌3个主要生理小种,组成完全非亲和性互作ISr5-Ra/21C3 CKR (Sr5/P5,侵染型0)、高度非亲和性互作ISr11-Ra/34M KG (Sr11/P11,侵染型0)及中度非亲和性互作ISr6-Ra/34C2 M FR (Sr6/P6,侵染型1,2),对各类型互作对秆锈菌生长发育的影响、互作中重要酶系活性及同功酶组成、重要生化组分含量变化规律及它们在互作中的可能作用进行了研究。并比较了所用小麦近等基因系及秆锈菌致病型间可溶性蛋白含量和种类、重要酶系活性和同功酶组成的差异,对基因组DN A限制性片段长度多态性进行了研究。 相似文献
4.
由条形柄锈菌小麦专化型Puccinia striiformis f. sp.tritici(Pst)引起的条锈病,长期严重威胁小麦安全生产。Pst通过毒性变异产生新毒性小种或致病类型,能克服生产上已应用的抗病基因,导致抗病品种感病。因此,挖掘抗条锈病基因资源对小麦抗病遗传改良和加快抗病新品种培育具有重要意义。蛋白激酶在应答病原菌侵染,传递植物免疫信号中发挥重要作用。本研究通过小麦转录组数据分析,筛选到参与应答Pst、小麦白粉菌Blumeria graminis f. sp.tritici和赤霉病菌Fusarium graminearum侵染的蛋白激酶基因TaPiPK1。该蛋白激酶基因编码551个氨基酸,C末端含有一个STK激酶结构域。利用RT-qPCR检测发现,TaPiPK1在小麦与条锈菌非亲和互作的前期上调表达;TaPiPK1主要定位于细胞质与细胞膜。利用大麦条纹花叶病毒介导的基因沉默技术(BSMV-VIGS)瞬时沉默TaPiPK1,显著降低小麦‘水源11’对条锈菌非亲和小种CYR23的抗性,表明TaPiPK1参与小麦抗条锈病反应并发挥重要作用。因此,TaPiPK1有可能作为潜在的基... 相似文献
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类病变(lesion simulating disease, LSD)基因编码锌指蛋白家族, 在细胞程序性死亡(PCD)和其他生物过程中发挥作用。本研究鉴定了普通小麦Triticum aestivum和其3种亚基因组供体乌拉尔图小麦T.urartu、野生二粒小麦T.dicoccoides和节节麦Aegilops tauschii中LSD基因家族。结果表明, 普通小麦、乌拉尔图小麦、野生二粒小麦和节节麦中分别含有24、4、10个和5个LSD基因; 同源性分析表明, 普通小麦相关的同源物共70对, 有38对旁系同源物(54%)。蛋白质特征显示, 13个(54%)TaLSD基因含有3个zf-LSD1结构域, 大部分TaLSD为碱性蛋白质、不稳定蛋白质和非亲水蛋白质; 转录组分析表明, 小麦LSD基因的表达量与禾谷镰刀菌、白粉菌和条锈菌的侵染紧密相连。 相似文献
6.
利用Hiseq2500高通量测序平台对哈茨木霉Th-33全基因组进行序列测定,获得196个scaffolds,共预测了10849个基因,平均长度为1776 bp(GenBank登录号:PRJNA272949)。以GO(gene ontology)数据库对预测出的基因做基因注释,共注释基因6238个;以KEGG(kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomespathway database)数据库对预测出的基因做基因注释,有6789个基因注释到279条KEGG代谢途径。KEGG富集分析显示,对氨基苯甲酸甲酯降解代谢通路涉及基因最多,有232个基因;其次是双酚降解代谢通路,有206个基因。利用Rfam数据库对基因组序列进行RNA分类预测,共分为25个类别,包含7123个基因,其中涉及基因最多的为转录后修饰、蛋白质翻转和分子伴侣一类。比较了哈茨木霉、深绿木霉、绿木霉以及里氏木霉基因组中重寄生相关的碳水化合物活性酶、蛋白酶及次生代谢相关基因。研究结果有助于深入了解木霉菌的生防机制、推动木霉菌功能基因的挖掘和利用。 相似文献
7.
利用BSMV Agro/LIC进行小麦条锈菌耐高温 相关基因功能分析的互作体系构建 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为利用HIGS技术研究条锈菌耐高温胁迫相关基因的功能,需要构建小麦品种与条锈菌及大麦条纹花叶病毒Barley stripe mosaic virus(BSMV)亲和互作体系。本研究选用20个常温下(10℃)高感条锈病的小麦品种和22个耐高温条锈菌菌株,进行高温(21℃)条件下接种亲和性分析,发现11个品种高感条锈病、3个菌株耐高温性稳定且毒性谱较宽。在此基础上,利用含有小麦TaPDS基因片段的重组BSMV侵染上述候选小麦品种,确定‘Local Red'等6个品种与BSMV亲和程度符合试验要求。筛选出小麦品种‘Local Red'与菌株15335-2、15323-4等组成的最佳互作组合,适合利用BSMV Agro/LIC方法开展小麦条锈菌耐高温相关基因功能的研究。 相似文献
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9.
凝集素类受体激酶(lectin receptor-like kinase, LecRLKs)是一类在植物应答多种生物/非生物胁迫中发挥重要作用的类受体激酶。本研究在小麦与条锈菌互作的转录组中筛选到1个在小麦与条锈菌非亲和互作中显著上调表达的LecRLKs基因TaLecRLK1。该基因全长2 292 bp,编码蛋白含有1个胞外信号肽、B-lectin结构域、PAN＿AP结构域、跨膜域和胞内酪氨酸激酶域。qRT-PCR分析表明：TaLecRLK1在小麦与条锈菌非亲和互作早期诱导表达,在烟草及小麦原生质体中瞬时表达,TaLecRLK1-GFP定位在细胞膜上。利用大麦条纹花叶病毒介导的基因沉默技术(BSMV-VIGS)沉默TaLecRLK1,接种无毒性条锈菌小种CYR23后,沉默叶片表面产生少量夏孢子堆,组织学观察发现沉默植株中条锈菌菌丝长度增长、侵染点附近活性氧积累面积减少;TaPR1、TaPR2、TaPR5的表达受到抑制,TaCAT和TaSOD则被迅速诱导表达。综上所述,TaLecRLK1对小麦抗条锈病起到正调控作用。 相似文献
10.
《植物病理学报》2019,(6)
小檗是小麦条锈菌的转主寄主,自然条件下在小檗上进行有性生殖不仅是条锈菌毒性变异的重要途径,也为病害的流行提供了初侵染源。目前条锈菌与小麦互作已经有较为细致深入的研究,而条锈菌与小檗分子互作的研究未见报道。NPR1是植物调控防卫反应的一个关键基因,本研究克隆得到小檗NPR1基因(BhNPR1),并对BhNPR1及其下游病程相关基因的表达模式进行了分析。与小麦NPR1基因受条锈菌夏孢子侵染诱导不同,BhNPR1的表达水平在条锈菌担孢子侵染小檗过程中保持稳定。另外,条锈菌侵染小檗过程中NPR1下游的病程相关基因BhPR5和BvPDF1.2a的表达量变化也不明显,而BhPR1和BhPR2则显著上调表达。这些结果表明BhNPR1及多个病程相关基因不参与对条锈菌的防卫反应,这可能是导致小檗先天免疫缺陷而成为多种锈菌共同的转主寄主。 相似文献
11.
Known and unknown genes conferring seedling and adult plant resistance (APR) to leaf rust, stem rust and stripe rust were detected either singly or in combination in a set of 136 African wheat genotypes using multi-pathotype tests with characterized Australian Puccinia triticina (Pt), P. graminis f. sp. tritici (Pgt) and P. striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst) pathotypes. Lines Beladi 132, IYN 68/9.44, Kenya Kifaru and Kenya Mbweha were postulated to carry resistance against multiple pathotypes of Pt, Pgt and Pst, whereas IAR/W/163-3, Grano Di Moggio Tipo 44 and Trigo 48 had resistance against all pathotypes tested in the current study. Field evaluation with the three rust pathogens detected low to high APR in more than 50% of lines, and while most tested positive with markers linked to known APR genes (csLV34, csLV46G22, TM10KASPAR, csGS, Cfb5006 and csSr2), many carried unidentified and useful resistance to all three rusts. Genetic analysis of F3 mapping populations based on seven genotypes showed either monogenic or digenic inheritance of APR to leaf rust, stem rust and stripe rust. The lines postulated to carry effective uncharacterized seedling genes and APR genes are of great potential value in diversifying resistance to help achieve durable control of all three rust diseases of wheat. 相似文献
12.
Real-time PCR (qPCR) is an effective method to quantify mRNA levels, but requires validated reference genes for data normalisation. The GeNorm-Plus algorithm was used to examine the expression stability of six candidate reference genes in resistant Avocet Yr1 wheat infected with Puccinia triticina, Puccinia striiformis and Puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici respectively. Results indicated that within the first 48 h after inoculation, the expression stability of the candidate reference genes differed between the three incompatible interactions. The geometric mean of ARF and RLI showed the best stability in P. triticina-infected wheat, CDC and RLI in P. striiformis-infected wheat and CDC, 18S and TUBB in P. graminis f.sp. tritici-infected wheat respectively. This clearly emphasised the need for reference gene validation for each different plant–pathogen interaction. 相似文献
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14.
During 1988/1990, a series of 21 experiments was established in commercial crops of winter wheat. Chlorothalonil, fenpropimorph and propiconazole were chosen as protectant, eradicant or curative fungicides active against leaf diseases of winter wheat in the UK. To test their properties each one was applied once only to separate plots during a period of 7–8 consecutive weeks in May and June (GS 32–39). Disease progress was assessed weekly on adjacent unsprayed control and sprayed plots up to GS 85. Septoria tritici leaf blotch (Mycosphaerella graminicola) was the disease that occurred most frequently and severely across the 21 sites. Powdery mildew (Erysiphe graminis), brown rust (Puccinia recondita) and yellow rust (P. striiformis) occurred at fewer sites and were sufficiently severe to distinguish differences between the active ingredients at only two or three sites. Analysis of the disease progress curves for 75% control of each disease at one site only indicated that chlorothalonil possessed very good protectant but shorter-term eradicant activity against M. graminicola and P. striiformis. Fenpropimorph exhibited only short-term eradicant control of M. graminicola, but gave excellent protectant and eradicant control of E. graminis and P. striiformis; against P. recondita only eradicant activity was apparent. Propiconazole showed activity similar to that of fenpropimorph against P. recondita and excellent protectant and eradicant activity against M. graminicola and P. striiformis; against E. graminis, it gave good protectant and eradicant control. From disease progress curves, it was possible to calculate the period of protectant and eradicant activity in thermal time (accumulated degree days above zero) for each of the three active ingredients and to identify the most effective timing(s) for fungicide application in relation to rainfall or imputed infection. 相似文献
15.
Xiaojie Wang Wenming Zheng Heinrich Buchenauer Jie Zhao Qingmei Han Lili Huang Zhensheng Kang 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2008,120(3):241-247
Stripe rust of wheat caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici is one of the most important diseases on wheat worldwide, especially in temperate regions with cool moist weather conditions.
A rapid and reliable detection of the pathogen in latent infected wheat leaves during overwintering of the fungus in the dormant
stage will contribute to determine the initial inoculum potential and thus to predict early outbreak and to improve effective
management of the disease. To achieve this aim, a PCR-based method was developed for specific and sensitive detection of P. striiformis. Specific primers were designed according to a genome-specific sequence of P. striiformis. To evaluate the specificity of the primers, seven different isolates and races of P. striiformis as well as six other pathogens of wheat were tested. All isolates of P. striiformis yielded a distinct band of a fragment of 470 bp, while using DNA of the other wheat pathogens as a template no amplification
product was detected. The sensitivity of the primers was tested using serial dilutions of total DNA from P. striiformis; the limit of detection was 10 pg of DNA. Using extracts from P. striiformis-infected wheat leaves, the fungus could be determined in the leaves before symptoms appeared. The stripe rust could also
be detected in the dormant stage by the PCR assay in samples of wheat leaves taken during the winter season. The application
of the PCR assay may be useful for rapid and reliable detection of P. striiformis in latent infected leaves of overwintering wheat plants. 相似文献
16.
Leaf rust, caused by the fungus Puccinia triticina, is the most common rust disease of wheat in wheat‐producing areas worldwide. The Israeli population of wheat leaf rust has been consistently monitored since 1993. A total of 840 single urediniospore isolates from Triticum aestivum (567), T. dicoccoides (119) and T. durum (154) were analysed during 1993–2008. The structure of the pathogen population has changed to a large extent since 1993. The annual populations of P. triticina were separated into two distinct groups: 1993–1999 and 2000–2008. Differentiation among the annual pathogen populations, as well as between the overall populations of the 1990s and 2000s, could be mainly attributed to the following forces: (i) migration of leaf rust urediniospores from neighbouring regions; and (ii) selection pressure of new yellow rust‐resistant wheat cultivars that have been introduced into Israel since 1997. Genetic multiplicity of wild emmer contributes to P. triticina variability in Israel. Leaf rust populations collected from common wheat, wild emmer and durum wheat differed. The population that originated from T. durum was rather stable during the years of the survey, whereas that from T. aestivum changed significantly from the 1990s to the 2000s. Diversity within the annual populations of P. triticina was highest in 1994 when many new pathotypes and associations between virulences were observed. Single‐step derivatives of the new pathotypes became dominant after 2000. Significant changes in virulence frequency to a number of Lr genes (e.g. Lr2a, Lr15, Lr17, Lr21, Lr26) were also registered in 2000–2008. 相似文献
17.
No internationally agreed differential set is available for characterization of virulences in populations of Puccinia triticina causing wheat leaf rust on durum wheat. In a first step, 73 potentially differential host genotypes were tested with 96 durum leaf rust isolates collected in France. A differential set, adapted to the local epidemiological context and useful for comparison with international studies was selected, including French commercial cultivars, Thatcher lines with Lr genes, and international cultivars. In the second step, a sample of 310 isolates collected in France from 1999 to 2009 was characterized on this set. Diversity was very low, as only five pathotypes were distinguished. Genotyping of a subset of 76 isolates according to 20 SSR markers confirmed this low diversity, with 73 isolates belonging to a single dominant genotype. Population was strongly shaped by cultivars, and the findings explain the successive breakdown of resistance sources deployed in French durum wheat cultivars. The gene Lr14a, suggested to be an efficient source of resistance in several European and American countries, was overcome by pathotypes frequent in France since 2000. Postulation of resistance genes in the commercial cultivars led to a proposed simplified version of the differential set. This study, providing new information about leaf rust resistance genes present in the French durum wheat germplasm, highlights the need to diversify sources of resistance to P. triticina in this germplasm. The results are also discussed in terms of relatedness and intercontinental migration of P. triticina on durum wheat. 相似文献
18.
This study establishes a method to detect and distinguish between brown rust and yellow rust on wheat leaves based on hyperspectral imaging at the leaf scale under controlled laboratory conditions. A major problem at this scale is the generation of representative and correctly labelled training data, as only mixed spectra comprising plant and fungal material are observed. For this purpose, the pure spectra of rust spores of Puccinia triticina and P. striiformis, causal agents of brown and yellow rust, respectively, were used to serve as a spectral fingerprint for the detection of a specific leaf rust disease. A least-squares factorization was used on hyperspectral images to unveil the presence of the spectral signal of rust spores in mixed spectra on wheat leaves. A quantification of yellow and brown rust, chlorosis and healthy tissue was verified in time series experiments on inoculated plants. The detection of fungal crop diseases by hyperspectral imaging was enabled without pixel-wise labelling at the leaf scale by using reference spectra from spore-scale observations. For the first time, this study shows an interpretable decomposition of the spectral reflectance mixture during pathogenesis. This novel approach will support a more sophisticated and precise detection of foliar diseases of wheat by hyperspectral imaging. 相似文献
19.
Leaf rust, caused by the fungus Puccinia triticina, is the most common rust disease of wheat in wheat-producing areas worldwide. The Israeli population of P. triticina has been consistently monitored since 1993. A total of 784 single urediniospore isolates from Triticum aestivum were analysed during 2000–15. The structure of the pathogen population has changed to a large extent since 2000. The annual populations of P. triticina were separated into two distinct groups, 2000–11 and 2012–15, while populations of 2000–5 and 2006–12 were differentiated to a lesser extent. The change in the population originating from T. aestivum during the period 2000–15 is less significant compared to changes in the 1990s described previously. Diversity within the annual populations of P. triticina was rather stable during the period studied. Three new pathotypes, characterized by virulences on Lr3ka and Lr30 genes, became dominant between 2012 and 2015, while all but one prevailing pathotypes in 2000–11 were avirulent on these two genes. Significant changes in virulence frequencies on a number of Lr genes (Lr2c, Lr3ka, Lr15, Lr21, Lr23, Lr26, Lr30) and pairwise associations of virulences (mainly with Lr2c and Lr26) were registered in 2012–15 or earlier. It is postulated that the composition and pathotype structure of the P. triticina population in Israel is determined by wind-disseminated urediniospores from neighbouring regions, where the migration of P. triticina from the eastern part of the Mediterranean Sea and from the Horn of Africa seem to have the greatest influence. 相似文献
20.
J. A. Kolmer Z. Mert K. Akan L. Demir R. Ünsal C. Şermet M. Keser B. Akin A. Morgounov 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2013,135(4):703-716
Leaf rust caused by Puccinia triticina is a common disease on wheat in the coastal regions of Turkey. Collections of P. triticina from infected wheat leaves were obtained from the main wheat production zones of Turkey in 2009 and 2010. A total of 104 single uredinial isolates were tested for virulence on 20 lines of Thatcher wheat that differ for single leaf rust resistance genes. Forty-four different virulence phenotypes were identified over both years. Four phenotypes were found in both years. Phenotype FHPTQ found in 2009, with virulence to genes Lr2c, Lr3, Lr16, Lr26, Lr3ka, Lr17a, Lr30, LrB, Lr10, Lr14a, Lr18, Lr3bg, and Lr14b, was the most common phenotype at 15.4 % of the total isolates. Forty-three winter and spring wheat cultivars from Turkey were tested as seedlings with 13 different P. triticina virulence phenotypes from Canada, the US and Turkey. The infection types on the cultivars were compared with infection types on the Thatcher near isogenic lines to postulate the presence of seedling leaf rust resistance genes in the cultivars. Resistance genes Lr1, Lr3a, Lr10, Lr14a, Lr17a, Lr20, Lr23, and Lr26 were postulated to be present in the Turkish wheat cultivars. DNA of the wheat cultivars was tested with PCR markers to determine the presence of the adult plant resistance genes Lr34 and Lr37. Marker data indicated the presence of Lr34 in 20 cultivars and Lr37 in three cultivars. Field plot evaluations of the wheat cultivars indicated that no single Lr gene conditioned highly effective leaf rust resistance. Resistant cultivars varied for combinations of seedling and adult plant resistance genes. 相似文献