共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 687 毫秒
1.
为评价氯胺嘧草醚的环境安全性,采用批量平衡法测定了氯胺嘧草醚在5种土壤中的吸附-解吸行为,并运用数学模型对其吸附-解吸特性及移动性能进行了分析。结果表明:氯胺嘧草醚在5种土壤中的等温吸附-解吸曲线符合Freundlich模型,吸附常数（Kf值）范围在6.991~18.49之间;不同土壤对其的吸附作用强弱依次为:黑土 > 水稻土 > 褐土 > 潮土 > 红土。氯胺嘧草醚在5种土壤中的有机碳吸附常数（KOC）范围在704.4~1 579之间,推测其在土壤中具有低移动性;薄层层析试验也表明,氯胺嘧草醚在土壤中的移动性较弱。氯胺嘧草醚在5种土壤中的吸附自由能绝对值均小于40 kJ/mol,表明其吸附机理主要是物理吸附。其Kf值与土壤有机质含量、黏粒含量呈正相关,而与土壤pH值呈负相关。解吸试验表明,氯胺醚在其中3种土壤中的解吸过程存在滞后现象。研究表明,在正常使用情况下,氯胺嘧草醚不易对地表水或地下水造成污染风险。 相似文献
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鱼藤酮在3种土壤中的吸附-解吸附特性 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了综合评价鱼藤酮在土壤环境中的吸附-解吸附特性,采用批量平衡法,系统研究了鱼藤酮在砂壤土、黏壤土及壤土3种农业土壤中的吸附-解吸附行为。结果表明,鱼藤酮在3种土壤中的吸附-解吸附行为符合Freundlich模型 (R2≥0.946 8),吸附常数 (Kf-ads) 在1.52~11.39之间,吸附能力为:黏壤土 > 砂壤土 > 壤土;而解吸附常数 (Kf-des) 在1.02~4.55之间,解吸附强弱次序为壤土 > 黏壤土 > 砂壤土。鱼藤酮在砂壤土、黏壤土和壤土3种土壤中有机碳吸附常数 (KOC) 分别为982、101 7和219,而滞后系数 (H) 分别为0.687 3、0.556 9和0.892 3,表明鱼藤酮在黏壤土及砂壤土中移动性较弱,有正迟滞作用,而在壤土中移动性较强,无迟滞作用。该研究将对鱼藤酮的环境风险评估具有一定的理论指导意义。 相似文献
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磺酰脲类除草剂是应用较为广泛的农药之一,其在土壤中迁移、降解、转化和滞留等多个过程受其吸附、解吸行为的影响。本文以嗪吡嘧磺隆为研究对象,采用批量平衡法研究了其在8种不同类型土壤中的吸附、解吸附行为。结果表明:嗪吡嘧磺隆与土壤溶液接触4 h内为快速吸附阶段。Freundlich模型可较好地拟合嗪吡嘧磺隆在土壤中的等温吸附解吸过程,相关系数 (r) 值在0.9584~0.9973之间。8种土壤对嗪吡嘧磺隆的吸附能力均为弱,吸附常数 (Kf-ads) 在0.281~3.515之间。其中,以黑龙江白浆土对嗪吡嘧磺隆的吸附能力最强,且远高于其他土壤。除广西赤红壤外,嗪吡嘧磺隆在其他7种类型土壤中的滞后系数 (H) 均小于1,解吸过程存在滞后现象,存在潜在环境风险。单因素试验结果表明,嗪吡嘧磺隆在土壤中的吸附行为受腐殖酸的影响极显著 (P＜0.01),受pH值和Mn2 + 的影响显著 (P＜0.05),受高岭土和稻壳生物炭的影响不显著 (P＞0.05)。采用中心复合试验设计,建立了具有一定预测功能的嗪吡嘧磺隆在土壤中的吸附过程BP神经网络模型,并进行了验证,拟合结果较好。 相似文献
4.
三氟苯嘧啶属于新型介离子杀虫剂，主要用于防治稻飞虱、叶蝉等刺吸式口器害虫，具有较好的内吸、传导能力。为明确三氟苯嘧啶在不同类型水稻上的内吸传导能力以及为其减量控害提供科学的依据，本研究以扬稻6号和南粳46为供试水稻，分别通过水培法、浸叶法探究了三氟苯嘧啶在不同类型水稻上的内吸传导能力。水培法研究结果表明，扬稻6号根部对三氟苯嘧啶的吸收能力强于南粳46，但向顶传导能力显著不及南粳46。浸叶法研究结果表明，在两种水稻的根部都未检出三氟苯嘧啶，扬稻6号的叶和茎中三氟苯嘧啶的含量均显著低于南粳46，但药剂向下传导能力差异不明显。本研究表明，三氟苯嘧啶能被两种水稻的根和叶吸收，并具有优异的向顶传导能力，但向下传导能力较弱。三氟苯嘧啶在南粳46中向顶和向下的传导能力均优于其在扬稻6号中的传导能力。 相似文献
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精异丙甲草胺在土壤中的吸附行为及 环境影响因素研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
采用平衡振荡法研究了精异丙甲草胺在粘壤土、粘土及砂壤土中的吸附和解吸附行为。结果表明,3种土壤的吸附等温线均属L型并符合Freundlich模型,吸附常数(Kf)分别为4.01、6.15及8.62,且Kf 和1/n(n为经验常数)的乘积与土壤有机质含量呈正相关性。解吸附实验结果表明,精异丙甲草胺在土壤中的解吸附与吸附并不一致,显示出明显的滞后性。温度及pH值等环境因素对吸附影响的结果显示,随温度升高精异丙甲草胺在土壤中的吸附量有所减少,中性环境下土壤吸附量较低。 相似文献
6.
七种农药在3种不同类型土壤中的吸附及淋溶特性 总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2
采用振荡平衡法和土柱淋溶法研究了2,4-滴酸、丁噻隆、毒草胺、炔草酸、氟环唑、甲基磺草酮和烯啶虫胺7种农药在江西红壤、太湖水稻土及东北黑土3种不同理化性质土壤中的吸附及淋溶特性,探讨了农药性质及土壤理化性质对供试农药在土壤中吸附、淋溶行为的影响。结果表明:农药的水溶性越大,其在土壤中的吸附性越弱,淋溶性越强;农药在土壤中的吸附性与土壤pH值、有机质含量以及阳离子交换量之间有较好的相关性。土壤pH值、有机质含量以及农药性质是影响农药在土壤中淋溶及迁移的主要因素。 相似文献
7.
啶虫脒和阿维菌素在4种不同类型土壤中的吸附及迁移 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用薄层层析和平衡振荡法,分别测定了啶虫脒和阿维菌素在紫色土、砖红土、黄壤土和黑土4种不同类型土壤中的迁移率(Rf )和吸附常数(Kd),比较了2种农药在单用及混用下迁移和吸附行为的差异。结果表明:2种农药在单用及混用下的迁移行为几乎不存在差异,在4种土壤中的Rf 值大小顺序均为:黄壤土>紫色土>黑土>砖红土;2种农药的吸附过程均符合经典的Freundlich模型,混用时阿维菌素对啶虫脒的吸附无影响,但啶虫脒的存在会减少土壤对阿维菌素的吸附,表现为竞争吸附作用。 相似文献
8.
吸附是农药在土壤环境中行为和归宿的重要过程,农药在土壤矿物上的吸附直接影响其在土壤中的迁移、转化和生物利用等过程。了解农药在土壤中的吸附,对于预测和评价农药对土壤、地下水存在的潜在危害,开展土壤修复具有十分重要的意义。本研究通过批量平衡试验,研究了苯噻酰草胺在海泡石和凹凸棒石中的吸附行为及机理。结果表明:苯噻酰草胺在海泡石和凹凸棒石中的吸附分为快速反应阶段和慢速平衡阶段,吸附平衡时间约为6 h。其吸附动力学曲线符合准二级动力学方程,线性方程和Freundlich吸附等温方程能较好地描述其在海泡石和凹凸棒石中的吸附行为,海泡石对苯噻酰草胺的吸附容量高于凹凸棒石。傅立叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)和X-射线衍射(XRD)分析显示:苯噻酰草胺在海泡石和凹凸棒石中的吸附不仅发生在其表面层,还进入了其内层。机理分析推测:苯噻酰草胺主要是通过氢键、电荷转移和电荷-偶极键形式吸附在黏土矿物中。 相似文献
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11.
J. D. H. WILLIAMS 《Weed Research》1968,8(4):327-335
Summary. The adsorption of simazine from, and subsequent desorption into, 0–01 M calcium chloride solution was investigated using twenty-three Rothamsted soil samples from sites differing greatly in cropping history and manurial treatment. Organic carbon content was the only factor related to the ability of the soils to sorb simazine; this accounted for 90% or more of the variation between soils Equilibrium was attained during adsorption in from fewer than 2 to more than 24 hr. Equilibrium during desorption was only occasionally attained within 24 hr. Differences between theoretically predicted and measured concentrations of simazine in solution following desorption were least for soils that attained equilibrium fastest during adsorption. Differences in adsorption and desorption kinetics between soils could not be related to soil pH, organic carbon content or cropping and manuring history. Comparisons of unlimed and limed soils suggested that no simnazine was lost by acid hydrolysis during the experiments.
Adsorption et désorption de la simazine par quelques sols de Rothamsted 相似文献
Adsorption et désorption de la simazine par quelques sols de Rothamsted 相似文献
12.
Adsorption-desorption of the herbicide flufenacet (FOE 5043) has been studied in five soils from different locations in India (Delhi, Ranchi, Nagpur, Kerala and Assam) varying in their physicochemical properties. The organic matter (OM) content varied from 0.072 to 0.864%, clay content from 2.5 to 43.7% and pH from 4.45 to 8.35. The adsorption studies were carried out using a batch equilibration technique. Ten grams of soil were equilibrated with 20 ml of aqueous 0.01 M CaCl2 solution containing different concentrations (0-30 mg litre-1) of flufenacet. After equilibration, an aliquot of supernatant was taken out for analysis. During desorption, the amount withdrawn for analysis was replenished with fresh 0.01 M CaCl2 solution and further equilibrated. Desorption studies were carried out with the 30 mg litre-1 concentration of flufenacet only. The adsorption studies revealed that there was moderate to high adsorption of flufenacet considering the comparatively low organic carbon content in the five test soils. Average Kd values ranged from 0.77 to 4.52 and Freundlich KF values from 0.76 to 4.39. The highest adsorption was observed in Kerala soil (OM 0.786%; clay 25%; pH 4.45) followed by Ranchi, Nagpur and Delhi soils, and the lowest in Assam soil (OM 0.553%; clay 2.5%; pH 6.87). The trend in adsorption could be attributed to the chemical nature of flufenacet and the physicochemical properties of the soil such as pH, OM and clay contents. OM and clay contents were positively correlated whereas pH was negatively correlated. Soils having low pH, high OM and high clay contents showed higher adsorption. Desorption studies revealed that there was a hysteresis effect in all the soils. Hysteresis coefficient values (ratio of n(ad) and n(des)) varied from 0.09 to 0.45. The study implies that, because of its moderate to high adsorption, flufenacet is likely to persist in soil for some time. However, the possibility of its movement by leaching or surface run off is less. 相似文献
13.
采用静态批次试验法研究西北旱作农田黄土对Pb(Ⅱ)的吸附等温线和动力学特性,通过正交试验揭示Pb(Ⅱ)的解吸行为。结果表明:黄土对Pb(Ⅱ)的吸附过程更好地符合Langmuir等温线方程和准二级动力学方程,拟合系数R2分别为0.9937和0.9964;Langmuir方程计算得出的黄土对Pb(Ⅱ)的最大吸附量qm为17.0068mg/g。吸附过程自发、吸热,反应后体系自由度略有增加。对比极差R值发现:影响解吸过程的主要因素为水土比和解吸时间,在水土比为150mL/g、解吸时间为3 h、解吸液pH值为5和解吸温度为288 K时,Pb(Ⅱ)的平均解吸率r为50.15%。去除有机质农田黄土对Pb(Ⅱ)的吸附量qe仅为6.6814mg/g,推测有机质在Pb(Ⅱ)的去除过程中有重要贡献。 相似文献
14.
为研究环丙酰草胺在土壤中的吸附迁移规律，分别采用批平衡法和柱淋溶法测定了环丙酰草胺在江西红壤、太湖水稻土、常熟乌杉土、陕西潮土和东北黑土5种土壤中的吸附和淋溶特性，并运用数学模型对其在土壤中的吸附及迁移特性进行了分析。结果表明:环丙酰草胺在5种土壤中的等温吸附曲线符合线性吸附方程，吸附常数Kd在1.41~7.08之间；环丙酰草胺在5种土壤中的淋溶性大小依次为:东北黑土>陕西潮土>常熟乌杉土>太湖水稻土>江西红壤。通过对吸附常数Kd与土壤有机质含量和pH值的关系进行分析，发现土壤pH值在吸附过程中属主要因素，Kd与土壤pH值呈负相关。上述结果表明，环丙酰草胺在供试的5种土壤中比较容易迁移，影响其迁移的主要因素是土壤pH值。环丙酰草胺在使用过程中应关注其对地表水和地下水造成的风险。 相似文献
15.
Flumioxazin adsorption kinetics were described using a Greenville sandy clay loam soil. Adsorption kinetics experiments showed that 72% of total herbicide was absorbed after 1 h of continuous shaking and continued to increase to 78% after 72 h. Flumioxazin adsorption was then tested on seven agriculturally important soils throughout the southern USA. Adsorption isotherms for all soils had K(f) (Freundlich distribution coefficient) values that ranged from 8.8 to 0.4, with many near 1.5. Soil organic matter content was the parameter most highly correlated with flumioxazin adsorption (r(2) = 0.95, P < 0.001). Sorption to clay minerals had K(f) values ranging from 50 for bentonite to 4.7 for kaolinite. However, normalizing K(f) for sorbent surface area revealed that aluminum hydroxide (gibbsite) possessed the greatest flumioxazin sorption per unit area. Sorption to anionic exchange resin (K(f) 676) was greater than cationic exchange resin (K(f) 42). Molecular model calculations were performed to elucidate why sorption was greater to anionic exchangers. These calculations indicated that a region of dense electronegativity exists on the 3-dione moiety of the molecule. This would lead to greater flumioxazin sorption by positively charged surface sites. Desorption isotherms from soil exhibited no effect of hysteresis. Desorption from clay minerals was very rapid and flumioxazin in solution was undetectable after three desorption steps. From these data it was concluded that flumioxazin can become readily available in soil solution with increase in soil water content. 相似文献
16.
Isoxaflutole is a new pre‐emergence herbicide for use in maize and sugarcane. Its two main derivatives are a diketonitrile derivative, the 2‐cyano‐3‐cyclopropyl‐1‐(2‐methanesulfonyl‐4‐trifluoromethylphenyl)propan‐1,3‐dione, named DKN, and a benzoic acid derivative, the 2‐methanesulfonyl‐4‐trifluoromethylbenzoic acid, named BA. The adsorption/desorption processes have never been studied for isoxaflutole (IFT) at high concentrations nor for BA, and the present work aimed at completing the knowledge of the behaviour of these three molecules in conditions close to those encountered in the context of agricultural use. The adsorption/desorption study was conducted on seven soils of different physical and chemical properties, using the batch equilibrium technique. During the experiments, IFT was chemically converted into DKN in a continuous manner. This reaction appeared to be dependent on the pH of the soil and was taken into account in the calculations of the adsorbed and desorbed amounts. The adsorption isotherms obtained were predominantly C‐shaped for IFT and DKN and S‐shaped for BA, but some differences appeared on a few soils. They fitted well the Freundlich equation, and the values of the Freundlich coefficient Kfa showed that, whatever the soil, IFT was more adsorbed than its two derivatives. The main parameter influencing the adsorption of IFT appeared to be the organic matter content, whereas this effect was not evident for DKN and BA. No correlation was found between the extent of adsorption and either clay content or pH of the soil, for the three molecules. 相似文献
17.
两性修饰膨润土对苯酚吸附的动力学研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以两性表面活性剂十八烷基二甲基甜菜碱(BS-18)为修饰剂,制得两性修饰膨润土,研究了不同修饰比例、温度及pH值等条件下,两性修饰土对苯酚的吸附反应和动力学特征,并对吸附机制进行探讨。结果表明,不同修饰比例的两性修饰土对苯酚的吸附速度参数均大于未修饰膨润土,且均随着修饰比例的增加而增大,表明修饰可以显著加快膨润土对苯酚的吸附速率;低温有利于吸附;吸附量在pH 4~8的范围内较稳定,pH大于8后,吸附量迅速降低。两性修饰土对苯酚的吸附动力学曲线符合伪二级动力学模型。 相似文献
18.
Bansal OP 《Pest management science》2004,60(11):1149-1155
The kinetics of interaction with soil of three carbamate pesticides (I, II, III) used as nematicides and herbicides was studied at four different temperatures from solutions of six soil samples of Aligarh district. The values obtained for rate constants for adsorption and desorption were in good agreement with those obtained from the Lindstrom model, which proved useful in the simultaneous evaluation of adsorption (k1) and desorption (k2) rate constants. The rate constants for pesticides were in the order III > I > II on all the six soil samples. The data for rate constants, activation energies, heats of activation, entropy of activation and thermodynamic parameters indicated a partly physical and partly chemical adsorption of pesticide on the soil surfaces. Adsorption occurred via coordination and/or protonation of the exchangeable cations with the amidic carbonyl group, and hydrogen bonding and dipole association at the crystal edge and basal surfaces. The adsorptivity of the soils may be attributed to the organic matter content and percentage clay content. 相似文献