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1.
MA Gailing 《干旱区科学》2021,13(10):1071-1086
Bacterial and fungal communities play critical roles in reestablishing vegetation structure, function and biodiversity in ecosystem restoration in arid and semi-arid areas. However, the long-term successional changes in bacterial and fungal communities that occur with artificial vegetation development are not fully understood. In this study, we investigated the successional changes in bacterial and fungal communities in Caragana korshinskii Kom. plantation over a period of 50 a (6, 12, 18, 40 and 50 a) and their relationships with key soil environmental factors in a typical agro-pastoral ecotone, northern China. The results showed that bacterial and fungal diversities (α- and β-diversity) were significantly affected by plantation age; moreover, the change in fungal community was more evident than that in bacterial community. Soil samples from 12 a plantation had the highest (P<0.05) bacterial and fungal α-diversity (i.e., abundance-based coverage estimator (ACE) and Chao1 index) at 0-10 cm depth compared with other samples. However, soil samples from plantation at the late recovery stage (40-50 a) had the highest α-diversity at 10-20 cm depth. Soil bacterial community was not significantly affected by plantation age at the genus level; but, soil fungal community was significantly affected at the genus level. Overall, Mortierella and Chaetomium were the dominant genera at natural recovery stage (0 a); Inocybe was the dominant genus at the early recovery stage (6-12 a); Inocybe and Mortierella were the dominant genera at the mid-recovery stage (12-40 a); And Mortierella, Cladosporium and Humicola were the dominant genera at the late recovery stage (40-50 a). Redundancy analysis (RDA) showed that β-glucosidase activity, total nitrogen and soil organic carbon were closely associated with bacterial community composition, while alkaline phosphatase, urease activity and total nitrogen were associated with fungal community composition, indicating that changes in enzyme activity and soil nutrients were the most important determinants of dominant genera. Furthermore, pathogenic microorganisms (Cladosporium and Humicola) were dominant in soils from 40-50 a plantation, which may affect plant growth, resulting in the decline of C. korshinskii plantation. Overall, the findings of this study improve the understanding of ecological patterns of bacterial and fungal communities in artificial vegetation and provide an important scientific basis for comprehensive ecological restoration management in arid and semi-arid areas. 相似文献
2.
Caragana korshinskii Kom. and Tamarix ramosissima Ledeb. are pioneer shrubs for water and soil conservation, and for windbreak and sand fixation in arid and semi-arid areas. Understanding the water use characteristics of different pioneer shrubs at different ages is of great importance for their survival when extreme rainfall occurs. In recent years, the stable isotope tracing technique has been used in exploring the water use strategies of plants. However, the widespread δ2H offsets of stem water from its potential sources result in conflicting interpretations of water utilization of plants in arid and semi-arid areas. In this study, we used three sets of hydrogen and oxygen stable isotope data (δ2H and δ18O, corrected δ2H_c1 based on SW-excess and δ18O, and corrected δ2H_c2 based on -8.1‰ and δ18O) as inputs for the MixSIAR model to explore the water use characteristics of C. korshinskii and T. ramosissima at different ages and in response to rainfall. The results showed that δ2H_c1 and δ18O have the best performance, and the contribution rate of deep soil water was underestimated because of δ2H offset. During the dry periods, C. korshinskii and T. ramosissima at different ages both obtained mostly water from deeper soil layers. After rainfall, the proportions of surface (0-10 cm) and shallow (10-40 cm) soil water for C. korshinskii and T. ramosissima at different ages both increased. Nevertheless, there were different response mechanisms of these two plants for rainfall. In addition, C. korshinskii absorbed various potential water sources, while T. ramosissima only used deep water. These flexible water use characteristics of C. korshinskii and T. ramosissima might facilitate the coexistence of plants once extreme rainfall occurs. Thus, reasonable allocation of different plants may be a good vegetation restoration program in western Chinese Loess Plateau. 相似文献
3.
为阐明辣椒疫病生防菌黄柄曲霉ASD的土壤微生态调控机理,本研究利用化学方法与Illumina HiSeq平台分析了ASD菌液对罹病辣椒根际土壤特性及真菌多样性的影响。结果表明,ASD菌液的施入可以明显提高罹病土壤硝态氮与有效钾含量,降低铵态氮含量与N-乙酰基-β-D-氨基葡糖苷酶活性。ASD菌液增加了罹病辣椒根际土壤真菌多样性与丰度,从而改变了辣椒根际优势真菌群落构成。优势种群与发病率相关分析结果表明,丰度上升的嗜热链球菌属与嗜热毁丝霉属等9个物种与发病率呈负相关,丰度降低的斜盖伞属及近地伞属与发病率呈正相关。与环境因子相关性分析表明,有效钾、硝态氮的含量与ASD处理的土壤真菌多样性呈正相关,并正向影响锥盖伞属等10个物种,铵态氮含量及N-乙酰基-β-D-氨基葡糖苷酶活性则反之。综上所述,黄柄曲霉ASD可以增加辣椒疫病根际土壤真菌多样性,改变土壤营养状况与优势真菌种群结构,从而降低辣椒疫病的发病率。结果可为菌株ASD应用于生产实践提供理论基础。 相似文献
4.
Robinia pseudoacacia L. (RP) restoration has increased vegetation cover in semi-arid regions on the Loess Plateau of China, but ecological problems have also occurred due to RP restoration, such as reduced soil moisture. Further, it is still uncertain how microbial diversity, composition and assembly processes change with RP restoration in semi-arid regions. Therefore, amplicon sequencing of small subunit ribosomal ribonucleic acid (16S rRNA) and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) genes was performed to study soil bacterial and fungal diversity, composition and assembly processes at four study sites with different stand ages of RP plantations (Y10, RP plantation with stand ages less than 10 a; Y15, RP plantation with stand ages approximately 15 a; Y25, RP plantation with stand ages approximately 25 a; and Y40, RP plantation with stand ages approximately 40 a) along a 40-a chronosequence on the Loess Plateau. The diversity of soil bacteria and fungi increased significantly during the restoration period from 10 to 15 a (P<0.05). However, compared with Y15, bacterial diversity was lower at Y25 and Y40, and fungal diversity remained stable during the restoration period between 25 and 40 a. The relative abundances of Proteobacteria and Ascomycota increased during the restoration period from 10 to 15 a. Conversely, after 15 a of restoration, they both decreased, whereas the relative abundances of Actinomycetes, Acidobacteria and Basidiomycota gradually increased. The variations in soil bacterial communities were mainly related to changes in soil total nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen and moisture contents, while soil fungal communities were mainly shaped by soil organic carbon and nitrate nitrogen contents. Bacterial communities were structured by the heterogeneous selection and stochastic process, while fungal communities were structured primarily by the stochastic process. The RP restoration induced an increase in the relative importance of heterogeneous selection on bacterial communities. Overall, this study reveals the changes in microbial diversity, community composition and assembly processes with RP restoration on the Loess Plateau and provides a new perspective on the effects of vegetation restoration on soil microbial communities in semi-arid regions. 相似文献
5.
为明确宁夏四类主要草原的蝗虫物种组成、多样性和对天敌、植被、土壤及其气候等生物和非生物因子的响应,2019-2020年在宁夏温性草甸草原、温性草原、温性荒漠草原和温性草原化荒漠四类草原对蝗虫及天敌物种进行了调查采集,通过物种数、个体数、多样性指数、优势度指数、丰富度指数及均匀性指数分析蝗虫、天敌和昆虫的多样性,并就草原蝗虫优势种和多样性对天敌、植被、土壤及气候等生物和非生物因子的响应进行分析。结果表明,共采集鉴定草原蝗虫和天敌个体数分别有743头和3592头,物种数分别有27种和24种;温性草原上发生的蝗虫和天敌物种和数量均最多,蝗虫和天敌的物种分别为23种和21种,数量分别为432头和1682头;温性草原化荒漠上发生的蝗虫和天敌物种和数量均最少,蝗虫和天敌的物种分别为8种和7种,数量分别为34头和132头。蝗虫优势种有白纹雏蝗Chorthippus albonemus、短星翅蝗Calliptamus abbreviatus和亚洲小车蝗Oedaleus asiaticus三种,天敌优势种有直角通缘步甲Pterostichus gebleri、麻步甲Carabus brandti和短翅伪葬步甲Pseudotaphoxenus brevipennis三种。温性草原无论是在草原蝗虫群落中,还是整个昆虫和天敌群落中,其丰富度指数均显著高于其他三类草原;草原蝗虫多样性指数和丰富度指数与天敌多样性指数和丰富度指数间均存在极显著正相关关系,与天敌优势度指数间存在极显著负相关关系;短星翅蝗和亚洲小车蝗发生均与天敌直角通缘步甲呈显著正相关关系,白纹雏蝗与禾本科植被盖度、高度、生物量,菊科植被盖度、生物量、频度、高度、土壤饱和持水量、毛管持水量、田间持水量、毛管孔隙度、总孔隙度、有机质、碱解氮、海拔和降水量间均呈显著正相关关系,与土壤容重、pH、平均气温和最高气温间均呈极显著负相关关系。 相似文献
6.
BAZGIR Masoud 《干旱区科学》2020,12(4):640-652
Plants are an important component in many natural ecosystems. They influence soil properties, especially in arid ecosystems. The selection of plant species based on their adaptations to site conditions is essential for rehabilitation of degraded sites and other construction sites such as check-dams. Other factors to be considered in species selection include their effects on soil properties and their abilities to meet other management objectives. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of native (Populus euphratica Oliv. and Tamarix ramosissima Ledeb.) and introduced (Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh. and Prosopis juliflora (Swartz) DC.) woody species on soil properties and carbon sequestration (CS) in an arid region of Iran. Soil sampling was collected at three soil depths (0-10, 10-20 and 20-30 cm) at the sites located under each woody species canopy and in an open area in 2017. Soil physical-chemical property was analyzed in the laboratory. The presence of a woody species changed soil characteristics and soil CS, compared with the open area. For example, the presence of a woody species caused a decrease in soil bulk density, of which the lowest value was observed under E. camaldulensis (1.38 g/cm3) compared with the open area (1.59 g/cm3). Also, all woody species significantly increased the contents of soil organic matter and total nitrogen, and introduced species had more significant effect than native species. The results showed that CS significantly increased under the canopy of all woody species in a decreasing order of P. euphratica (9.08 t/hm2)>E. camaldulensis (8.37 t/hm2)>P. juliflora (5.20 t/hm2)>T. ramosissima (2.93 t/hm2)>open area (1.33 t/hm2), thus demonstrating the positive effect of a woody species on CS. Although the plantation of non-native species had some positive effects on soil properties, we recommend increasing species diversity in plantations of native and introduced woody species to provide more diversity for the increased ecosystem services, resilience, health and long-term productivity. 相似文献
7.
明确葱轮作后对三七连作土壤微生物的影响,为利用葱与三七轮作缓解三七连作障碍提供依据。本研究在三七连作土上连续种植两茬小葱,以休耕连作土壤为对照,采用细菌16S rRNA和真菌ITS区测序,研究葱轮作后对土壤微生物多样性、物种组成及关键微生物的影响;然后分离可培养的关键细菌假单胞菌属,验证其对三七根腐病菌的拮抗功能。结果表明,葱轮作后显著提高了三七连作土壤细菌和真菌的丰富度,两种处理后的细菌和真菌在PCoA图上均能明显分开。门水平上,葱轮作后细菌变形菌门的相对丰度显著增加,酸杆菌门、绿弯菌门等显著降低;真菌子囊菌门的相对丰度显著降低,担子菌门显著增加。LEfSe分析表明,变形菌门及其下属的假单胞菌属等关键细菌在葱轮作后丰度显著增加,丛赤壳科中可以引起三七根腐的Fusarium和Ilyonectria等真菌在轮作后丰度降低。从轮作土壤中分离到22株假单胞菌,其中15株铜绿假单胞菌对三七根腐病菌有较好的拮抗效果。综上,葱轮作可以显著改善三七连作土壤的微生物状况,有益菌相对丰度增加而根腐病原菌相对丰度降低。利用葱与三七轮作对缓解三七连作障碍具有一定的潜力。 相似文献
8.
ZHOU Honghua 《干旱区科学》2019,11(6):866-879
Populus euphratica Oliv. is a unique woody tree that can be utilized for vegetation restoration in arid and semi-arid areas. The effects of saline water irrigation (0.00, 2.93, 8.78 and 17.55 g/L NaCl solutions) on water transport and water use efficiency (WUE) of P. euphratica saplings were researched for improving the survival of P. euphratica saplings and vegetation restoration in arid and semi-arid areas of Xinjiang, China in 2011. Results showed that hydraulic conductivity and vulnerability to cavitation of P. euphratica saplings were more sensitive in root xylem than in twig xylem when irrigation water salinity increased. Irrigation with saline water concentration less than 8.78 g/L did not affect the growth of P. euphratica saplings, under which they maintained normal water transport in twig xylem through adjustment of anatomical structure of vessels and kept higher WUE and photosynthesis in leaves through adjustment of stomata. However, irrigation with saline water concentration up to 17.55 g/L severely inhibited the photochemical process and WUE of P. euphratica saplings, resulting in severe water-deficit in leaves and a sharp reduction in water transport in xylem. Thus, it is feasible to irrigate P. euphratica forest by using saline groundwater for improving the survival of P. euphratica saplings and vegetation restoration in arid and semi-arid areas of Xinjiang, China. 相似文献
9.
沙地樟子松人工林土壤氮矿化特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
土壤氮(N)的有效性是沙地林生态系统生产力和稳定性的关键限制因子。本研究以科尔沁沙地樟子松人工林为研究对象,分析测定了10~60 a林龄土壤NH4+-N、NO3--N和矿质N含量、氨化速率、硝化速率和N矿化速率的变化规律。结果表明：樟子松人工林土壤NH4+-N、NO3--N和矿质N含量,随着不同林龄在10~60 a内表现出增加的趋势,其中10~30 a增幅较小,40~60 a显著提高;随着土层深度增加而减小,主要集中在0~20 cm,呈现出表聚性。不同林龄樟子松人工林土壤氨化速率、硝化速率和矿化速率均随林龄增加而增加,随土层深度的增加而降低,其中0~40 cm土层明显大于40~100 cm。通过双因素方差分析,得出林龄与土层对各矿化指标影响显著。土壤矿化指标与人工林地上樟子松株高、胸径、冠幅以及土壤有机碳、全氮、碱解氮有显著的正相关关系。通过冗余分析(RDA)表明,影响不同林龄土壤矿化指标的主要环境因子为全氮、全磷、有机碳;影响不同土层土壤矿化指标的主要环境因子为全氮、碱解氮、有机碳。因此,樟子松人工林能够改善沙地土壤N的有效性,幼龄林和中龄林改善效果较小,近成熟林和成熟林改善效果明显;对表层土的改善效果优于深层土;土壤肥力是影响土壤矿化指标的主要环境因子。 相似文献
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11.
复合微生物菌肥对苹果再植病害调控及对根围土壤真菌群落结构的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为研究复合微生物菌肥对再植苹果幼树的影响,从再植土壤酶活性、真菌群落结构和功能的方面分析,探究复合微生物菌肥的作用机理。本研究设置了KMM和对照CK两个处理,再植苹果树于春秋两次分别施用复合微生物菌肥(KMM)和有机肥(CK)。通过土壤常规农业化学分析法和Illumma MiSeq高通量测序技术,系统研究了两个处理再植苹果树的生长、根围土壤酶活性以及真菌群落结构和功能的变化。试验结果表明,施用复合微生物菌肥显著提高了再植苹果幼树株高、干径、叶绿素、分枝个数和分枝长度;提高再植土壤酶活性(中性磷酸酶、脲酶、蔗糖酶和过氧化氢酶);降低再植土壤真菌群落丰富度,改变真菌群落结构。相对丰度高于1%的优势真菌属中有21个菌属与再植果树的5项生长参数具有相关性,并且在不同分类水平上具有一定的差异,缝壳菌属(Lophiostoma)、织球壳菌属(Plectosphaerella)、赤壳菌属(Nectria)和维希尼克氏属(Vishniacozyma)显著增加,丝孢菌属(Anguillospora)和假丝酵母菌属(Pseudeurotium) 显著降低。通过对测序片段功能水平的分析,在二级功能水平上显著降低了真菌群落氨基酸、核苷和核苷酸的生物合成、电子转移、发酵、呼吸、CTP生物合成嘧啶脱氧核糖核酸功能序列的丰度值,共6种功能类群均与土壤酶活性呈负相关。施用复合微生物菌肥,改变了真菌群落结构,减弱真菌群落相关代谢的功能,提高土壤酶活性,促进再植苹果幼树的生长。 相似文献
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植物内生菌与植物长期共存,二者协同进化,互惠互利。在胁迫因素的影响下,内生菌群落组成会发生相应的变化并对植物起到重要的保护作用。然而,关于病原菌胁迫对油茶树叶片内生细菌群落结构的影响尚缺乏系统的研究。为了解云南油茶受炭疽病菌侵染后,叶片内生微生物群落如何参与植物防御,本文基于高通量测序技术,对炭疽菌生物胁迫下云南油茶病、健叶片内生菌群的群落组成和多样性进行分析;基于Bugbase软件对菌群的表型进行预测。结果表明,炭疽菌侵染后显著提高了Chao1、ACE丰富度指数,而多样性指数Simpson、Shannon则无显著变化。门水平上,病、健叶片上相对丰度大于1%的种类相同,但所有门的丰度都表现为病叶高于健叶。属水平上,病叶片中Methylobacterium(1.91%)属相对丰度最高,健康叶片中Pontibacter(1.41%)相对丰度最高。感病叶片中有5个特有属,健康叶片中有3个特有属。Bugbase菌群功能预测表明,云南油茶感病叶片内生菌菌群生物膜形成能力和氧化胁迫耐受增强;革兰氏阳性菌的相对丰度增加,革兰氏阴性菌相对丰度降低。可见,油茶炭疽病的发生改变了油茶树叶片内生细菌的群落结构,使少数抗病相关物种优势生长。研究结果为油茶炭疽病的生物防治提供了信息。 相似文献
13.
土壤侵蚀对土壤理化性质及土壤微生物的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
通过对黄土丘陵沟壑区侵蚀环境下4种典型坡面上坡顶、坡肩、坡背、坡脚和坡趾5个不同地形部位137Cs的含量、土壤理化性质及土壤微生物指标的测定和分析。结果表明:用来表征土壤侵蚀程度的137Cs含量与土壤有机碳、全氮、土壤容重、电导率、土壤微生物功能多样性及细菌菌群之间均存在显著的回归关系,土壤有机碳、全氮及土壤容重随着137Cs含量的增加呈增加趋势,土壤电导率、土壤微生物功能多样性呈下降趋势,而土壤细菌呈先下降后增加的趋势。土壤侵蚀过程能够直接影响土壤养分在坡面上的空间分布及土壤结构,通过影响土壤性质,改变土壤微生物群落的生长环境和营养物质的含量,从而影响土壤微生物的生长。 相似文献
14.
ZHOU Tairan 《干旱区科学》2021,13(10):1015-1025
Soil water content is a key limiting factor for vegetation growth in the semi-arid area of Chinese Loess Plateau and precipitation is the main source of soil water content in this area. To further understand the impact of vegetation types and environmental factors such as precipitation on soil water content, we continuously monitored the seasonal dynamics in soil water content in four plots (natural grassland, Caragana korshinskii, Armeniaca sibirica and Pinus tabulaeformis) in Chinese Loess Plateau. The results show that the amplitude of soil water content fluctuation decreases with an increase in soil depth, showing obvious seasonal variations. Soil water content of artificial vegetation was found to be significantly lower than that of natural grassland, and most precipitation events have difficulty replenishing soil water content below a depth of 40 cm. Spring and autumn are the key seasons for replenishment of soil water by precipitation. Changes in soil water content are affected by precipitation, vegetation types, soil evaporation and other factors. The interception effect of vegetation on precipitation and the demand for water consumption by transpiration are the key factors affecting the efficiency of soil water replenishment by precipitation in this area. Due to artificial vegetation plantation in this area, soil will face a water deficit crisis in the future. 相似文献
15.
In the context of climate change, precipitation is predicted to become more intense at the global scale. Such change may alter soil microbial communities and the microbially mediated carbon and nitrogen dynamics. In this study, we experimentally repackaged precipitation patterns during the growing season(from June to September) of 2012 in a semi-arid temperate steppe of the Xilin River Basin in Inner Mongolia of China, based on the 60-year growing season precipitation data. Specifically, a total amount of 240 mm simulated precipitation was assigned to experimental plots by taking the following treatments:(1) P6(6 extreme precipitation events, near the 1~(st) percentile);(2) P10(10 extreme precipitation events, near the 5~(th) percentile);(3) P16(16 moderate precipitation events, near the 50~(th) percentile); and(4) P24(24 events, 60-year average precipitation, near the 50~(th) percentile). At the end of the growing season, we analyzed soil microbial community structure and biomass, bacterial abundance, fungal abundance and bacterial composition, by using phospholipid fatty acid(PLFA), real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR) and 16S rRNA gene clone library methods. The extreme precipitation events did not change soil microbial community structure(represented by the ratio of PLFA concentration in fungi to PLFA concentration in bacteria, and the ratio of PLFA concentration in gram-positive bacterial biomass to PLFA concentration in gram-negative bacterial biomass). However, the extreme precipitation events significantly increased soil microbial activity(represented by soil microbial biomass nitrogen and soil bacterial 16S rRNA gene copy numbers). Soil fungal community showed no significant response to precipitation events. According to the redundancy analysis, both soil microbial biomass nitrogen and soil ammonium nitrogen(NH_4-N) were found to be significant in shaping soil microbial community. Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria were the dominant phyla in soil bacterial composition, and responded differently to the extreme precipitation events. Based on the results, we concluded that the extreme precipitation events altered the overall soil microbial activity, but did not impact how the processes would occur, since soil microbial community structure remained unchanged. 相似文献
16.
To investigate the community composition and diversity of fungal endophytes in wheat roots and stems from different soil types in Henan Province, tissue isolation method was used to isolate and purify endophytic fungi from wheat plants collected from 22 counties/districts in five soil types, and the identification of the fungal endophytes fungi was based on morphology and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence. The community composition and diversity of endophytic fungi were analyzed. The results showed that 426 endophytic fungi were affiliated with 23 genera, among which Chaetomium spp. had the highest number accounting for 23.2% of the total strain number, followed by Penicillium spp.. Five strains were tested for the antifungal activity against both Rhizoctonia Cerealis and Fusarium pseudograminearums on plate, and their inhibition rates against R. Cerealis ranged from 44.8% to 70.5% (zone widths 2.00~9.67 mm)while from 35.4% to 49.3% (zone widths 3.67~6.67 mm) against F. pseudograminearum. This paper clarifies the major taxa and their diversity of fungal endophytes in the roots and stems of wheat in different soil types in Henan Province, and their inhibitory effects on soil-borne fungi, providing a basis for the biological control of sharp eyespot and crown rot of wheat. 相似文献
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18.
The aims of this study were to explore the interspecific differences of Populus euphratica Oliv. and Populus pruinosa Schrenk populations and the intraspecific differences of males and females within the same species in flowering phenological traits, and the effects of temperatures on flowering phenological traits in different growth years (2001-2003 and 2013-2015). The results showed that P. euphratica population flowered earlier than P. pruinosa population. Moreover, flowering phenological period of population, number of days of flowering phenological period per population, number of days of flowering phenological period per plant and average number of days of flowering period per plant of P. euphratica population were less than those of P. pruinosa population. The differences between male and female within the same species indicated that the flowering periods of males P. euphratica and P. pruinosa populations were earlier than those of female plants. For both species, flowering phenological traits were significantly and negatively correlated with the average temperatures in previous ten days, previous one month and previous three months of flowering. Both species are sensitive to temperature changes and adjust to the changes by advancing the start of flowering and prolonging the duration of flowering. 相似文献
19.
利用筛选的11条ISSR引物对从我国柑橘主产区和国外收集的135株叶点霉属真菌菌株进行扩增,扩增产物进行凝胶电泳,扩增图谱用NTSYS-pc2.10软件进行群体聚类分析。结果显示,共扩增出116个DNA条带,其中多态性位点为112个,多态率为96.55%;平均每个引物可以扩增出10.55个条带,扩增产物大小在250~3 000 bp。聚类分析显示,中国柑橘叶点霉属真菌可以分为4个种,即P.citricarpa、P.citriasiana、P.capitalensis和P.citrichinaensis。以遗传相似性系数0.97为阈值时,柑橘黑斑病病原菌(P.citricarpa)种群可分为5个亚类,subclade-I的菌株来自中国的本地早、温州蜜柑、槾橘和南丰蜜橘,subclade-II的菌株均来自中国的砂糖橘,subclade-III的菌株来自非洲莫桑比克柠檬和葡萄柚、佛罗里达甜橙、南非甜橙和来自杭州市场上进口的澳橘,subclade-IV的菌株来自中国的甜橙,subclade-V的菌株来自中国的柠檬,表明我国柑橘黑斑病病原菌具有丰富的遗传变异,其遗传变异与寄主相关;我国与国外的柑橘黑斑病病原菌在起源上可能存在差异。P.citriasiana、P.capitalensis和P.citrichinaensis种群内也存在遗传变异,但其遗传变异与地理分布和寄主未发现相关性。该研究结果为研究柑橘叶点霉属真菌的遗传多样性奠定了基础。 相似文献
20.
为明确不同冬灌制度的应用效果，以南疆膜下滴灌棉田为研究对象，选取每年冬灌处理（CK）、不冬灌处理（H1）及隔年冬灌处理（H2）3种冬灌制度，结合高通量测序技术对冬灌后土壤的理化性质、生物学性质以及微生物群落组成进行测定与分析。结果表明：（1）各处理间0~20 cm土层土壤总盐含量无显著差异，与CK相比，H1和H2处理显著降低了脲酶（0.96%~1.35%）和转化酶活性（1.17%）以及微生物量氮含量（4.21%~7.03%），但H2处理显著提高了土壤有机质（14.30%）、全氮（14.29%）、全磷（4.55%）和全钾（7.40%）含量；H1处理显著降低了土壤有机质（6.03%）、全磷（12.5%）和水分（23.08%）含量，提高了微生物量碳氮比（7.37%）。（2）不同处理下细菌群落的丰度和多样性以及真菌群落的丰度无显著差异，但与CK相比，H1和H2处理显著提高了真菌的辛普森指数（4.12%~ 4.55%）。此外，H1较CK处理提高了细菌放线菌门（Actinobacteria）、酸杆菌门（Acidobacteria）、绿弯菌门（Chloroflexi）和真菌担子菌门（Basidiomycota）的相对丰度，H2较CK处理提高了细菌变形菌门（Proteobacteria）、芽单胞菌门（Gemmatimonadetes）和真菌被孢霉门（Mortierellomycota）的相对丰度。（3）相关性分析结果表明细菌的群落结构主要受微生物量碳含量的影响，真菌的群落结构和多样性分别受转化酶和脲酶活性的影响。在无法保证每年冬灌用水的情况下，隔年冬灌更有利于保障膜下滴灌棉田的土壤耕地质量。 相似文献