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为比较九龙藏黄牛和九龙牦牛β-酪蛋白（β-CN）的遗传变异体,试验采用酸性尿素聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分析了九龙藏黄牛（n=42）和九龙牦牛（n=17）β-CN的基因型。结果表明,在九龙藏黄牛、九龙牦牛的β-CN中共检测到4 种等位基因,包括A1、A2、B、C,其中在九龙藏黄牛中有7 种基因型：A1A1、A1A2、BB、A1B、A2B、A1C、BC,优势等位基因为A1（频率0.702 4）,优势基因型为A1A1（频率0.547 6）;在九龙牦牛样本中有2 种基因型：A1A2、A2A2,优势等位基因为A2（频率0.764 7 ）。试验表明,九龙藏黄牛与九龙牦牛β-CN均表现出多态性,但优势等位基因明显不同。 相似文献
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[目的] 建立同时测定蒙古族传统奶酪中VA、VD2、VD3、α-生育酚、β-生育酚、γ-生育酚、δ-生育酚、VK1共8种脂溶性维生素及天然色素β-胡萝卜素含量的高效液相色谱方法（high performance liquid chromatography,HPLC）。[方法] 选取蒙古族传统奶酪为试样,经无水乙醇提取,酶解后用正己烷萃取,旋蒸浓缩,复溶过滤膜。经Agilent poroshell 120 EC-C18（150 mm×4.6 mm,4 μm）色谱柱分离,以甲醇和水（体积比为95∶5）为流动相,采用FLD和VWD检测器检测,外标法定量。[结果] VA、α-生育酚、β-生育酚、γ-生育酚、δ-生育酚、VK1、β-胡萝卜素在0.1~1.0 μg/mL浓度范围内线性关系良好,VD2、VD3在0.05~1.00 μg/mL浓度范围内线性关系良好,相关系数R2均大于0.998。[结论] 建立的HPLC方法具有简便、快捷、灵敏度高、回收率高、分析时间短等优点,可为蒙古族传统乳制品中多种脂溶性维生素及天然色素的快速检测提供技术支撑。 相似文献
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[目的]以实验室前期从驼乳中分离得到的乳明串珠菌、副干酪乳杆菌为对象,并通过体外实验对发酵驼乳抑制α-淀粉酶和α-葡萄糖苷酶活性以及抗氧化能力进行测定。[方法]以α-淀粉酶抑制率和α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制率为考察指标,在单因素试验的基础上,采用正交试验优化发酵驼乳的参数条件。测定在不同储藏时间下试验组乳明串珠菌、副干酪乳杆菌发酵驼乳、对照组乳明串珠菌、副干酪乳杆菌发酵牛乳和嗜热链球菌、保加利亚乳杆菌发酵驼乳pH值、酸度、活菌数、α-淀粉酶抑制率、α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制率、羟自由基和超氧阴离子自由基清除率的变化。[结果]驼乳发酵的最佳工艺条件为乳明串珠菌∶副干酪乳杆菌比例2∶3、接种量2%、发酵温度39 ℃,发酵时间24 h,此条件下测得对α-淀粉酶和α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制率分别达到87.20%和20.85%,与未优化前相比,α-淀粉酶的抑制率提高14.10%,α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制率提高4.4%。在4 ℃储藏期间发酵驼乳α-淀粉酶抑制率在第6d时最高为90.39%,对α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制率最高为36.32%,抑制率显著高于对照组。各组对羟自由基的清除率达到70%以上,最高为94.91%,超氧阴离子自由基清除率最高达到78.10%,整个测定过程中试验组的抗氧化活性均显著高于对照组。[结论]经乳酸菌发酵驼乳抑制α-淀粉酶和α-葡萄糖苷酶活性提高,在储藏期间抗氧化活性显著高于对照组（P<0.05）。 相似文献
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β-防御素（beta-defensian,BD）在哺乳动物雌性生殖系统中广泛表达,在免疫、预防生殖道感染及胎儿正常发育等方面起到重要作用。主要对哺乳动物β-防御素在哺乳动物雌性生殖系统组织中的分布、作用及其调控进行了综述,并对其应用前景进行了展望,以期更好地揭示β-防御素在雌性生殖系统中的影响,从而为β-防御素的进一步研究提供理论依据。 相似文献
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匍枝筋骨草悬浮细胞中含有较高β-蜕皮甾酮,为了进一步提高其β-蜕皮甾酮含量,通过添加茉莉酸甲酯(MeJA)进行一系列试验研究。以4~10代筋骨草悬浮细胞为试验材料,测定不同处理浓度和处理时间的MeJA对细胞生长、β-蜕皮甾酮积累的影响,细胞生长量采用称量计数,β-蜕皮甾酮含量则使用高效液相进行检测。结果表明:匍枝筋骨草悬浮细胞生长曲线及β-蜕皮甾酮积累曲线符合Logistics模型。在细胞快速生长的初始期(第4天)或中期(第7天)添加不同浓度的MeJA,对细胞生长影响相对较小,生长曲线均有小高峰,分别出现在处理后第5天和第3天,干物质积累量分别达到0.60和0.62 g。而在细胞快速生长的高峰期添加MeJA,细胞生长曲线呈下降趋势,细胞鲜重和干重显著低于CK(P<0.05)。在细胞快速生长的初始期或中期添加MeJA后细胞鲜重与β-蜕皮甾酮积累量呈显著相关。在细胞快速生长的初始期或中期添加10~50 μmol·L-1 MeJA后,细胞鲜重与CK对比表现为显著增加,其中添加50 μmol·L-1 MeJA后细胞鲜重最佳,最高可达到35.90 g,显著高于其他处理(P<0.05)。而同样条件下β-蜕皮甾酮表现为积累量小幅增加,最高量为0.5095 mg·g-1。添加100~200 μmol·L-1 MeJA均会抑制细胞的生长,其中添加200 μmol·L-1 MeJA细胞鲜重与CK相比显著下降,抑制率最高可达到38.88%。而添加100~200 μmol·L-1 MeJA后β-蜕皮甾酮积累量表现为大幅提升,最高可达3.5315 mg·g-1,为同期CK的14.44倍(P<0.01)。在细胞快速生长的高峰期添加10~200 μmol·L-1 MeJA后,细胞鲜重与CK相比都表现为下降,说明在此时添加这些浓度MeJA可抑制细胞的生长,最高抑制率可达31.01%。而在细胞快速生长的高峰期添加10~50 μmol·L-1 MeJA后,β-蜕皮甾酮积累量可在短时间内大量激增,β-蜕皮甾酮积累量最高达到1.4136 mg·g-1,是CK的5.06倍(P<0.01)。添加100~200 μmol·L-1 MeJA则积累量较少。在细胞快速生长的中期添加100 μmol·L-1 MeJA条件下对细胞的刺激较小,β-蜕皮甾酮积累量最高,达到3.5315 mg·g-1。 相似文献
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[目的] 研究γ-聚谷氨酸对断奶犊牛血清生化指标的影响。[方法] 将体重相近的荷斯坦断奶犊牛16头,按同质原则分为对照组和试验组,每组8头。两组犊牛每天每头饲喂3 kg颗粒饲料,玉米秸秆随意采食。试验组颗粒饲料中按照千分之五的比例加入γ-聚谷氨酸（膏状液体,含量为20%）。试验时间70 d,预试期10 d,正试期60 d。在试验最后一天采集血液样品测定血清生化指标。[结果] 对照组犊牛血清中IgG、IgA和IgM含量显著（P<0.05）高于试验组;对照组犊牛血清中SOD、GSH-Px活性显著（P< 0.05）高于试验组;两组AST与ALT活性差异不显著（P>0.05）;对照组和试验组犊牛血清中TP、ALB、BUN、NEFA、GLU、Ca、P、Fe、Zn含量差异不显著（P>0.05）,试验组断奶犊牛血清中Cu、VA和VC含量显著（P<0.05）低于对照组。[结论] ①γ-聚谷氨酸会降低断奶犊牛血清中免疫球蛋白（IgG、IgM、IgA）的含量;②γ-聚谷氨酸有提高断奶犊牛机体抗氧化能力的可能;③γ-聚谷氨酸可能会促进断奶犊牛对Cu、VA和VC的吸收与利用;④γ-聚谷氨酸未对断奶犊牛肝脏功能、能量代谢、能量平衡、蛋白质利用产生负面影响。 相似文献
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酪蛋白占牛奶总蛋白80%,具有很高的营养价值和重要的生理功能。A1和A2型β-酪蛋白是牛奶中两种主要的β-酪蛋白遗传变异体。牛奶A2型β-酪蛋白和人乳中的β-酪蛋白结构和消化特点相似,对人体更亲和,也更容易被消化吸收。开发A2型牛奶对增加乳制品品种、细分乳制品市场、提高乳制品档次具有积极意义。本文介绍了牛奶β-酪蛋白基因多态性、中国荷斯坦牛群β-酪蛋白基因型频率和等位基因频率、A2奶牛和A2牛奶的检测、以及A2乳制品开发现状,并对新疆开发A2牛奶及乳制品提出意见和建议。 相似文献
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为明确干旱胁迫下γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)保护玉米幼苗光合系统的生理响应,以郑单958为试验材料,依据玉米幼苗生长数据,选择1 mmol·L-1为γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)供试浓度,设置空白对照(CK)、1 mmol·L-1 GABA(G)、20%聚乙二醇(PEG-6000)模拟干旱胁迫(D)、20%聚乙二醇(PEG-6000)模拟干旱胁迫和1 mmol·L-1 GABA(DG)4个处理开展玉米水培试验。结果表明:不同浓度GABA能缓解干旱胁迫的抑制作用,使玉米幼苗恢复生长,其中1 mmol·L-1 GABA效果最好。干旱胁迫下,外源施用1 mmol·L-1 GABA能显著提高叶片超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性,减少丙二醛(MDA)、超氧阴离子($O_{2}^{-}$)和过氧化氢(H2O2)积累,降低叶片相对电导率。此外,外源GABA能显著提高干旱胁迫下叶片内可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖和脯氨酸含量,从而提高细胞保水能力。外源施用GABA能显著降低叶片干旱胁迫下初始荧光(F0),提高暗适应下最大可变荧光(Fv)、最大荧光(Fm)和最大光量子效率(Fv/Fm),从而降低叶片光化学损伤。在干旱胁迫第5天,与D处理相比,DG处理SPAD数值、净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)和气孔导度(Gs)分别提高8.25%、7.69%、9.13%和7.38%,胞间CO2浓度(Ci)降低2.93%。因此,外源GABA能通过降低叶片的氧化损伤和提高细胞保水能力来改善叶片对干旱胁迫的适应能力,从而保护玉米幼苗光合系统。 相似文献
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Jinhee H Hwang Michael E Spurlock John C Kube Xiang Z Li Stephen B Smith 《Journal of animal science》2021,99(8)
Chinese hamster ovary cell constructs expressing either the β 1-, β 2- or β 3-adrenergic receptor (AR) were used to determine whether a novel β-AR modulator, lubabegron fumarate (LUB; Experior, Elanco Animal Health) might exert greater potency for a specific β-AR subtype. EC50 values calculated based on cAMP accumulation in dose response curves indicate that LUB is highly selective for the β 3-AR subtype, with an EC50 of 6 × 10–9 M, with no detectible agonistic activity at the β 2-AR. We hypothesized that the accumulation of lipolytic markers would reflect the agonist activity at each of the β-receptor subtypes of the specific ligand; additionally, there would be differences in receptor subtype expression in subcutaneous (s.c.) and intrmuscular (i.m.) adipose tissues. Total RNA was extracted from adipose tissue samples and relative mRNA levels for β 1-, β2-, and β 3-AR were measured using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Fresh s.c. and i.m. adipose tissue explants were incubated with isoproterenol hydrochloride (ISO; β-AR pan-agonist), dobutamine hydrochloride (DOB; specific β 1-AA), salbutamol sulfate (SAL; specific β 2-AA), ractopamine hydrochloride (RAC), zilpaterol hydrochloride (ZIL), BRL-37344 (specific β 3-agonist), or LUB for 30 min following preincubation with theophylline (inhibitor of phosphodiesterase). Relative mRNA amounts for β 1-, β 2-, and β 3-AR were greater (P < 0.05) in s.c. than in i.m. adipose tissue. The most abundant β-AR mRNA in both adipose tissues was the β 2-AR (P < 0.05), with the β 1- and β 3-AR subtypes being minimally expressed in i.m. adipose tissue. ISO, RH, and ZH stimulated the release of glycerol and nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) from s.c. adipose tissue, but these β-AR ligands did not alter concentrations of these lipolytic markers in i.m. adipose tissue. LUB did not affect glycerol or NEFA concentrations in s.c. or i.m. adipose tissue, but attenuated (P < 0.05) the accumulation of cAMP mediated by the β 1- and β 2-AR ligands DOB and SAL in s.c. adipose tissue. Collectively, these data indicate that bovine i.m. adipose tissue is less responsive than s.c. adipose tissue to β-adrenergic ligands, especially those that are agonists at the β 1- and β3-receptor subtypes. The minimal mRNA expression of the β 1- and β 3 subtypes in i.m. adipose tissue likely limits the response potential to agonists for these β-AR subtypes. 相似文献
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Atsushi KIMURA Yo-Han KIM Kazuyoshi HASHIZUME Akira ITO Katsuyuki MUKAI Keiichiro KIZAKI Shigeru SATO 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2021,83(5):829
We investigated the effect of oral administration of β-cryptoxanthin (β-CRX) on its serum concentration and peripheral neutrophil functions by the chemiluminescence (CL) response in Holstein cattle. A single oral administration of β-CRX was performed for serum β-CRX concentration (0, 0.05, 0.1, or 0.2 mg/kg body weight [BW]) and for peak CL response of peripheral neutrophils (0.2 mg/kg BW). The serum β-CRX concentration was peaked on 2 days after, similar to peak CL response on 3 days after β-CRX administration. Therefore, a single oral administration of β-CRX (0.2 mg/kg BW) induces higher serum concentration and concurrently enhances bactericidal ability of peripheral neutrophils in Holstein cattle. 相似文献
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牛奶中含有丰富的活性营养物质,包括乳铁蛋白、免疫球蛋白、乳过氧化物酶、α-乳白蛋白、β-乳球蛋白等。传统工艺生产的酸奶经过高温杀菌,活性营养物质几乎完全损失。为了避免这一情况,本文推出一种新的酸奶生产工艺,生产出的酸奶可保留大部分活性营养物质。首先将牛奶的乳脂进行分离,乳脂部分进行125 ℃、5 s杀菌,脱脂牛奶部分进行75 ℃、15 s杀菌,将两部分料液混合后加入菌种发酵至酸度75~85°T,破乳后冷却后熟8 h以上。经测定,新工艺酸奶中α-乳白蛋白、β-乳球蛋白、乳铁蛋白、免疫球蛋白、乳过氧化物酶含量分别为966 mg/L、1 963 mg/L、23.4 mg/L、102 mg/L、1 025 U/L,远高于传统工艺酸奶的68 mg/L、200 mg/L、0.7 mg/L、14 mg/L、0 U/L。通过对比新工艺与传统工艺酸奶保质期内的活菌数、黏度、酸度和口感,并无显著差异。 相似文献
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Tianle Xu Xubin Lu Abdelaziz Adam Idriss Arbab Xinyue Wu Yongjiang Mao Juan J Loor Zhangping Yang 《Journal of animal science》2021,99(7)
The occurrence of bovine ketosis involves the accumulation of β-hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA), which contributes to the initiation and acceleration of hepatic metabolic stress and inflammation. Metformin has other beneficial effects apart from its medical intervention for diabetes, such as prevention of laminitis and hyper-triglyceridemic. AMPK maintains energy homeostasis and is the intracellular target of metformin action. This study aims to uncover the role of metformin in modulating BHBA-induced inflammatory responses through the activation of AMPK signaling. The hepatocytes were isolated from the liver tissue of mid-lactation multiparous Holstein cows (~160 d postpartum). Treatments were conducted as follows: treated with PBS for 18 h (control); pretreated with PBS for 12 h followed by treatment of 1.2 mM BHBA for 6 h (BHBA); pretreated with 1.5 mM or 3 mM metformin for 12 h followed by the BHBA treatment (1.2 mM) for 6 h (M(1.5)+B; M(3)+B). The inhibitor of AMPK, Compound C, at a concentration of 10 μM, was applied to substantiate the AMPK-dependent responses. RT-qPCR were applied for the mRNA expression while Western-blots and immunofluorescence were conducted for the target proteins expression. Among dose-dependent assays for BHBA, the concentration of BHBA at 1.2 mM activated NF-κB signaling by upregulating the expression of phosphorylated NF-κB and pro-inflammatory cytokines compared with the control cells (P < 0.05). Along with the upregulation of phosphorylated AMPKα and ACCα, metformin at 1.5 and 3 mM inactivated NF-κB signaling components (p65 and IκBα) and the inflammatory genes (TNFA, IL6, IL1B and COX-2) which were activated by BHBA. Additionally, BHBA inhibited cells staining intensity in EdU assay were increased by pretreatment with metformin. The activation of AMPK resulted in the increased gene and protein expression of SIRT1, along with the deacetylation of H3K9 and H3K14. However, the AMPK inhibitor compound C blocked this effect. Compared with BHBA treated cells, the protein expression of COX-2 and IL-1β were decreased by the pretreatment with metformin, and the inhibitory effect of metformin was released by compound C. The bound of NF-κB onto IL1B promoter displayed higher in BHBA group and this was suppressed by pretreatment with metformin (P < 0.05). Altogether, metformin attenuates the BHBA-induced inflammation through the inactivation of NF-κB as a target for AMPK/SIRT1 signaling in bovine hepatocytes. 相似文献
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Michael Coad Derek Clifford Shelley G. Rhodes R. Glyn Hewinson H. Martin Vordermeier Adam O. Whelan 《Veterinary research》2010,41(2)
The principal surveillance tool used to control bovine tuberculosis in cattle is the removal of animals that provide a positive response to the tuberculin skin-test. In this study we performed a longitudinal investigation of the immunological and diagnostic consequences of repeated short-interval skin-tests in cattle naturally infected with Mycobacterium bovis. Tuberculin skin-test positive cattle were subjected to up to four further intradermal comparative cervical skin-tests at approximately 60-day intervals. A significant progressive reduction in the strength of the skin-test was observed after successive tests. In contrast, the magnitude of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) responses was not influenced by repeat skin-testing either transiently around the time of each skin-test or longitudinally following repeated tests. A significant boost in blood interleukin-10 (IL-10) production was observed within 3 days following each skin-test although the magnitude of this boosted response returned to lower levels by day 10 post-test. The application of a novel multiplex assay to simultaneously measure seven cytokines and chemokines also identified that skin-testing resulted in a significant and progressive reduction in antigen specific interleukin-1β (IL-1β) whilst confirming stable IFN-γ and elevated IL-10 responses in the blood. Therefore, we have demonstrated that in cattle naturally infected with M. bovis, repeat short-interval skin-testing can lead to a progressive reduction in skin-test responsiveness which has potential negative consequences for the detection of infected animals with marginal or inconclusive skin-test responses. The desensitising effect is associated with decreased IL-1β and elevated IL-10 responses, but importantly, does not influence antigen specific IFN-γ responses. 相似文献