共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 234 毫秒
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杂交水稻稻米品质遗传与育种研究进展 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
扼要介绍了稻米品质的概念、要素，评价稻米品质的主要指标，综合评述了稻米品质的研究进展.通过对湖南省优质杂交稻育种的现状与进展分析，结合当前我国水稻品种的品质现状，指出了稻米品质研究中存在的问题.提出了今后稻米品质改良的研究方向。 相似文献
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扼要介绍了稻米品质的概念、要素,评价稻米品质的主要指标,综合评述了稻米品质的研究进展.通过对湖南省优质杂交稻育种的现状与进展分析,结合当前我国水稻品种的品质现状,指出了稻米品质研究中存在的问题,提出了今后稻米品质改良的研究方向. 相似文献
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稻米食味品质是稻米品质中最重要的组成部分。如何快速、有效地评价稻米食味品质,为优质育种提供理论依据,是今后育种过程中迫切需要解决的问题。实验以6个北方粳型两用不育系和5个恢复系,按NCI／设计配组30个杂交组合为研究材料,对其植株农艺性状与食味值进行了相关分析及通径分析,探讨通过株型选择提高和改善水稻食味品质的途径。结果表明：剑叶形态、株高和穗颈粗度对食味值的直接作用较大,其中水稻上三叶特别是剑叶对食味值的影响至关重要。在北方杂交粳稻优质育种过程中应选择株高中等、穗颈较细、叶片较窄、穗数较多、株型较紧凑且剑叶叶片角度较小的材料有利于食味品质的提高。 相似文献
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温光因子对稻米品质影响的研究进展 总被引：19，自引：2，他引：17
水稻灌浆期的温度和光照条件是影响稻米品质的重要环境因素。本文从稻米碾磨品质、外观品质、蒸煮食味品质和营养品质四个方面,综述了温光因子对稻米品质影响的最新研究进展,并以此为依据对优质稻米的生产提出了一些建议。 相似文献
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稻米成分与品质的关系 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文重点从稻米化学成分对水稻品质的影响进行探讨,综述了稻米中淀粉、蛋白质以及脂肪的分布和分类情况,着重讨论了它们与稻米品质之间的关系,较全面讨论了水稻品质的涵盖范围,为今后的水稻高产、调优提供参考。 相似文献
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长江下游地区部分优质粳稻品种与越光稻米支链淀粉结构特征及品质性状比较 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
为探讨具有优异食味品质的日本粳稻品种越光与中国长江下游地区食味品质好的水稻品种稻米的支链淀粉链长分布和主要品质特征差异,以期为中国优质水稻育种提供理论依据,选用长江下游地区公认的食味品质好的5个粳型水稻品种稻米和日本新泻地区生产的越光稻米为材料,分析支链淀粉链长分布、稻米RVA谱、直链淀粉含量、蛋白质含量、TOYO味度值等主要品质特性的差异及其相关性。越光的稻米支链淀粉链长分布和直链淀粉含量等主要品质指标与长江下游地区食味品质好的品种没有明显差异,支链淀粉长链部分(Fb3)和蛋白质含量显著低于长江下游地区食味品质好的品种,支链淀粉短/长链比(Fa/Fb3)显著高于长江下游地区食味品质好的品种。越光稻米中Mg、K含量以及淀粉谱特性中最高黏度、崩解值均显著高于长江下游地区食味品质好的品种。支链淀粉的短链部分(5≤DP≤12)所占比率与最高黏度值和崩解值呈显著正相关,Fa/Fb3与最高黏度和崩解值均呈显著正相关。由此认为,通过育种手段改善稻米的支链淀粉理化特性,并在栽培措施上通过降低氮肥施用量来降低稻米中蛋白质含量,是提高长江下游地区水稻品种食味品质的有效途径。 相似文献
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江苏是我国水稻主产省之一,水稻常年种植面积220万hm2左右,总产1 950万t左右,单产近9.0 t/hm2,在保障江苏乃至全国粮食安全中的地位举足轻重。长期以来,江苏省的水稻育种一直以高产为主要目标,进入21世纪以后,优质成为江苏水稻育种的首要目标。本文综述了江苏省水稻优质育种的背景、食味品质改良的途径和优良食味粳稻品种培育的进展,剖析了江苏省优良食味粳稻育种的启示及今后江苏省水稻食味品质改良与优质育种发展的方向,以期为广大水稻育种工作者提供借鉴。 相似文献
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生物技术在水稻蛋白质改良上的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
稻米是我国人民的主要食品，但其蛋白质含量低、质量差，满足不了人们对蛋白质总量的需求。长期以来。人们一直采用传统的育种方法来选育高蛋白质的水稻新品种。但收效不大。近年来，随着生物技术的飞速发展和不断完善，应用生物技术方法改良水稻蛋白质已逐步变为现实，并显示出了诱人的前景。本文根据近年来研究报道的资料。分析了水稻蛋白质改良的必要性，综述了应用基因工程、细胞工程等生物技术方法在水稻蛋白质改良方面的研究进展，并对今后的研究提出建议。 相似文献
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《Plant Production Science》2013,16(3):320-325
AbstractRice is the staple food for most Asians. Breeding efforts at the national and international levels have resulted in high-yielding varieties with resistance/tolerance to biotic and abiotic constraints. Consequently Asia has enjoyed rice self-sufficiency in recent years. Now in some countries over-production of rice has occurred, partly because of reduced rice consumption. For instance, in 1962 Japan had a per capita rice consumption of 118.3 kg and then this rapidly declined to about 60kg in 2003. Imbalances between production and consumption in rice and other crops have promoted a paradigm shift of breeding objectives oriented from producers to consumers. Germplasm enhancement (pre-breeding) and breeding strategies now focus on a broad range of crop and food qualities, which are closely associated with industrial and processing properties and human health and nutrition. In particular, physiological functions of chemical compounds involved in crop products are being studied as a part of breeding programs. Diverse plant genetic resources and advances in plant genome research have contributed to successful breeding strategies to improve and manage crop and food quality. Recent progress in germplasm enhancement and breeding strategies for quality improvement of rice, wheat, soybean and sweet potato in Japan is discussed. 相似文献
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水稻品质改良已成为当前育种工作的主要趋势,优质米品种选育和米质研究是当前及今后水稻育种的重点。综述了水稻种子α,β-淀粉酶活性的差异与稻米品质之间的关系,以及种子蛋白组分间的差异与稻米米质的相关性。探讨了水稻品种间品质差异与α,β-淀粉酶活性和蛋白组分的关系,并对其在育种中的意义及应用进行了展望。 相似文献
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《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(1-2):93-130
Abstract Despite a significant increase in food production during the last century, world production will need to be doubled or tripled by the year 2050 to meet the needs of an expected 10 billion global population. Fortunately, a second revolution in agriculture appears to be taking place from advances in biotechnology. Worldwide in 1999, about 40 million hectares of transgenic plants were grown, and this area is expected to increase significantly for years to come. Rice (Oryza sauva L.) is the staple food of the majority of 3.5 billion people in Asia. Increases in population in the rice growing regions of Asia will require 70% more rice in 2025 than is consumed today. In addition, rice, in its milled form, is poor in essential amino acids and a range of vitamins and micronutri-ents, which creates malnutrition. With the increasing number of genes discovered in plants and other organisms, transgenic research is being utilized to improve agronomic traits of rice, such as resistance to biotic and abiotic stress, and to increase photosynthetic efficiency which collectively increase yield. Research is also moving toward improvement of grain quality traits, including amino acids, micronutrients, and vitamins. Genome sequencing and the techniques for rice transformation have been developed. Thus, collaborative efforts in genomics, transformation, and molecular breeding of rice are expected to lead to a significant contribution to global food security. In this article, we review the current status of genetic improvement of rice. Improved methods for transgene expression in rice and potential modifications that will significantly improve yield and grain quality of rice are also discussed. 相似文献
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Tsutomu Ishimaru Hideyuki Hirabayashi Kazuhiro Sasaki Changrong Ye Asako Kobayashi 《Plant Production Science》2016,19(1):12-21
Global warming is predicted to aggravate the risk of unstable crop production. It is of great concern that damage to rice spikelet sterility and grain quality will increase, resulting in yield and economic losses. To secure the global food supply and farmers’ income, the development of rice cultivars with heat resilience is a pressing concern. Regarding spikelet sterility, rice cultivars with heat tolerance at different growth stages have been identified in recent years. The early-morning flowering (EMF) trait is effective in heat escape because it shifts the time of day of flowering to earlier in the morning when it is cooler. Although varietal differences are very small, there are some genetic resources for EMF in wild rice accessions. Regarding heat-induced grain chalkiness, heat-tolerant japonica cultivars for mitigating white-back type of chalky grains (WBCG) were found. Quantitative trait loci for heat tolerance at flowering, EMF, and for WBCG in grain quality have been mapped on the rice chromosomes. Further genetic efforts have been successfully connected to the development of near-isogenic lines for each trait with tagged molecular markers. These breeding materials are quite unique and useful in facilitating marker-assisted breeding toward the development of heat-resilient rice in terms of spikelet sterility and grain quality. 相似文献
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Over the past 30 years, super rice played an important role in boosting rice yield. The phenotype of erect panicle(EP) architecture controlled by dense and erect panicle 1(dep1) is the typical characteristic of super rice, and the phenotype has been used in rice breeding for nearly a century. In this review, the molecular genetic basis of EP phenotype, and mechanism of how dep1 affects rice carbon, nitrogen metabolism and grain quality(grain shape and taste quality) were discussed. In addition, we discussed the possible improvement strategies of rice yield and quality. This review provides a quick overview of the whole process for rice quality formation, as well as suggestions and ideas for future research on rice quality improvement. 相似文献