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Evaluation of the presence of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in pig meat and experimental transmission following oral exposure 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1 
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下载免费PDF全文 A study was performed to evaluate the presence of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) in pig meat collected at slaughterhouses and its potential transmission to pigs via pig meat. A total of 1039 blood samples were collected from pigs upon their arrival at the abattoir. The following day, meat samples (n = 1027) were collected from the carcasses of these same pigs. Samples originated from 2 Canadian slaughterhouses, 1 situated in the province of Quebec and the other situated in the province of Manitoba. Serum samples were tested for antibodies to PRRSV and both serum and meat samples were also tested for PRRSV nucleic acid by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Seropositivity to PRRSV for all serum samples was 74.3%. Furthermore 45 (4.3%) of the total serum samples and 19 (1.9%) of the 1027 meat samples were positive for PRRSV by PCR. Sequence analysis of open reading frame (ORF) 5 performed on 15 of the 19 PRRSV strains identified in pig meat indicated that 9 were field strains and 6 were vaccine-like (98% to 99.7% nucleotide homology with the Ingelvac RespPRRS/Repro vaccine). One of these 6 strains presented an intermediate 2-6-2 restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) cut pattern and the others showed the characteristic 2-5-2 RFLP pattern of the vaccine strain. All strains sequenced were determined to be North American strains. In only 1 of the 19 PRRSV-positive meat samples could PRRSV be isolated. To test the potential infectivity of meat samples containing residual PRRSV, 11 of the PCR-positive meat samples (weighing 1.05 to 1.8 kg) were each used in feeding experiments of 2 PRRSV antibody-negative specific pathogen-free pigs of 9 wk of age. Samples were cut into several pieces and fed to each pair of pigs on 2 consecutive days. Each pig pair was housed in a separate cubicle and serum samples were collected at -7, 0, 7, 14, and 20 to 21 days post exposure. Seven pig pairs were found to be infected by PRRSV following ingestion of meat samples, including meat samples containing vaccine-like virus, as judged by the demonstration of PRRSV antibodies and/or PRRSV nucleic acid in the serum. In summary, the present study indicated that low residual quantities of PRRSV may be found in a small percentage of pig meat collected at slaugtherhouses. Furthermore, when this meat was fed raw to pigs in the experimental setting designed, pigs could be infected by PRRSV. 相似文献
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D S Cheon C Chae 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2001,63(5):567-571
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis was developed for directly typing porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) from lung specimens without virus isolation. Twenty nine lung specimens collected from postweaning pigs were isolated for PRRSV. When the PCR products from the 29 lung specimens were digested by the restriction enzymes MluI, HincII, SacII and HaeIII, the RFLP patterns from the 29 lung specimens matched with those from the corresponding PRRSV isolates from each pig. The results suggest that the PCR-based RFLP analysis method may be useful to distinguish PRRSV isolates directly from lung specimens without virus isolation. 相似文献
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Identification and clinical assessment of suspected vaccine-related field strains of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
Mengeling WL Vorwald AC Lager KM Clouser DF Wesley RD 《American journal of veterinary research》1999,60(3):334-340
OBJECTIVE: To determine the origin and clinical relevance of selected strains of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) virus (PRRSV). ANIMALS: 38 pigs without antibodies for PRRSV. PROCEDURE: A seemingly uncommon restriction endonuclease digestion site in a commercially available vaccine strain of attenuated PRRSV was tested for its stability and prevalence under defined conditions. Selected field strains of PRRSV, with or without the restriction-site marker, were subsequently tested in pigs for virulence and for their ability to replicate competitively in pigs simultaneously given the vaccine. RESULTS: Under experimental conditions, the restriction-site marker was stable during long-term infection of pigs. It was not detected in any of the 25 field strains of PRRSV that were isolated before use of the vaccine or 21 of 25 field strains that were isolated after use of the vaccine but that, on the basis of previous testing, were believed unrelated to the vaccine strain. Conversely, it was detected in 24 of 25 field strains that were isolated after use of the vaccine and that, on the basis of previous testing, were believed to be direct-line descendants of the vaccine strain. Putative vaccine-related strains caused more pronounced pathologic changes than did the vaccine strain alone, and they predominated during replication in pigs also given the vaccine strain. CONCLUSIONS: In some swine herds, the vaccine strain may have persisted and mutated to a less attenuated form. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The potential for persistence and mutation of specific strains of virus should be an important consideration when designing vaccination programs involving attenuated PRRSV. 相似文献
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猪繁殖与呼吸综合征（Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome,PRRS）是由猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒（Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus,PRRSV）感染引起的一种以妊娠母猪发热流产、仔猪高死亡率和各年龄段猪呼吸功能障碍为主要特征的高度接触性传染病。目前,该病在全球范围内均有分布,对养猪业造成的经济损失不计其数。自1996年我国首次分离PRRSV到如今,该病已在我国横行了25年之久,却依旧无法有效防治。文章对目前国内外猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病原、流行病学、临床症状以及疫苗免疫和综合防控措施等方面的研究进展进行综述,以期为该病的防控提供科学依据。 相似文献
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K. Han H.W. Seo Y. Oh I. Kang C. Park C. Chae 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2013,195(3):313-318
The objective of this study was to compare the virulence of Korean types 1 and 2 porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) isolated from weaned pigs with respiratory disease. Affected pigs were within the same herd and animals infected with type 2 virus had significantly higher mean rectal temperatures than those with type 1 virus between days 2 and 9 post-inoculation (P < 0.05). Similarly, mean serum viral titres, expressed as tissue culture infective doses 50% (TCID50)/mL, as well as macroscopic and microscopic pulmonary lesion scores, were significantly higher at multiple time points in pigs infected with type 2 PRRSV compared to those infected with type 1 virus. Mean numbers of PRRSV-positive cells/unit area of lungs and lymph nodes were also significantly higher in type 2 PRRSV infected pigs. This study demonstrates that type 2 PRRSV is more virulent than type 1 PRRSV in this experimental setting as reflected by the pulmonary pathology induced, the extent of virus distribution, and oral shedding of the virus. 相似文献
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Jiang Z Zhou EM Ameri-Mahabadi M Zimmerman JJ Platt KB 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2003,92(3-4):125-135
Auto-anti-idiotypic antibodies (Aab-2s) were detected from pigs experimentally infected with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). The Aab-2s were specific against the idiotypic antibodies (Ab-1s) to the envelope glycoprotein GP5 of PRRSV and were detected from serum samples collected between 21 and 98 days post-infection (DPI). Serological characterization indicated that the Aab-2s recognized the idiotype located within or near the antigen-combining sites of the anti-GP5 antibodies, which was shared by both mouse MAb anti-GP5 and swine polyclonal antibodies. The fact that the Aab-2 inhibited the anti-GP5 antibodies from binding to PRRSV and that they were detected at different time periods in pigs that cleared the infection prior to 98 DPI versus pigs in which virus was detected at 98 DPI suggests that Aab-2 antibodies may play a role in immunity to PRRSV infection. 相似文献
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Cano JP Dee SA Murtaugh MP Trincado CA Pijoan CB 《American journal of veterinary research》2007,68(5):565-571
OBJECTIVE: To determine effects of vaccination protocols with modified-live porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) vaccine on persistence and transmission of virus in pigs infected with a homologous isolate and determine clinical and virologic responses following heterologous viral challenge. ANIMALS: Four hundred forty 6- to 8-week-old PRRSV-na?ve pigs. PROCEDURES: Pigs were allocated into 5 groups. Groups A to D were inoculated with wild-type PRRSV VR2332. Group A (positive control pigs) received PRRSV only. Groups B, C, and D received modified-live PRRSV vaccine (1, 2, or 3 doses). Group E served as a negative control group. To evaluate viral transmission, sentinel pigs were introduced into each group at intervals from 37 to 67, 67 to 97, and 97 to 127 days postinoculation (DPI). To evaluate persistence, pigs were euthanized at 37, 67, 97, or 127 DPI. To assess clinical and virologic response after challenge, selected pigs from each group were inoculated at 98 DPI with a heterologous isolate (PRRSV MN-184). RESULTS: Mass vaccination significantly reduced the number of persistently infected pigs at 127 DPI. Vaccination did not eliminate wild-type PRRSV; administration of 2 or 3 doses of modified-live virus vaccine reduced viral shedding after 97 DPI. Previous exposure to wild-type and vaccine virus reduced clinical signs and enhanced growth following heterologous challenge but did not prevent infection. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Findings suggest that therapeutic vaccination may help to reduce economic losses of PRRSV caused by infection; further studies to define the role of modified-live virus vaccines in control-eradication programs are needed. 相似文献
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Clinical, gross, and microscopic pathologic and immunohistochemical findings in pigs infected with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) suggest that PRRSV may replicate in endothelial cells. Endothelial cell cultures from porcine aorta and pulmonary artery were tested for susceptibility to various strains of PRRSV. Cultures were identified as endothelium by light microscopy and immunohistochemical staining for P-selectin and von Willebrand factor. Five strains of PRRSV, i.e., the National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Ames, IA PRRSV strain 130-PDV and 4 field strains isolated from pneumonic lungs, failed to replicate in these porcine large-vessel endothelial cell cultures. 相似文献
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Yahara Y Ohkubo Y Kariwa H Takashima I 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2002,64(7):583-588
To evaluate the immunofluorescent antibody (IFA) test and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detecting the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) antibody, conventional pigs in PRRSV-positive and -negative commercial farms were examined. Antibody development patterns in ELISA and IFA tests were compared in 3 week old piglets experimentally infected with the PRRSV. The virus was detected from 2 days post infection (PI) and then the antibody titers and S/P ratios rose by both methods. A total of 208 serum samples were collected from 4 PRRSV-negative farms and 210 samples from PRRSV-positive farms, and were tested for the PRRSV antibody by IFA and ELISA. The titer of 64 should be set as the cut-off point in IFA for field sera. Similarly, the cut-off S/P ratio should be set at 0.4 in ELISA. A high degree of correlation was observed between antibody titers by the two methods in these 418 samples, with a correlation coefficient of 0.84. The coincidence rate between the two tests was 84.7% (354/418). In non-coincident cases, ELISA was able to detect the antibody with a low titer in the serum samples which were negative in IFA but from PRRSV positive farms. ELISA was more sensitive than IFA to detect PRRSV infected animals or farms. 相似文献
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Murakami S Ogawa A Kinoshita T Matsumoto A Ito N Nakane T 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2006,68(4):387-391
Fourteen diseased pigs from four farms in which there had been an outbreak of salmonellosis were investigated. Granulomatous inflammation with depletion of lymphocytes was observed in the swollen lymph nodes in these pigs. Antigens to porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) were immunolabeled in the lesions along with detection of viral DNA as PCV2 by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). In addition, antigens to porcine reproductive respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) were immunodetected in the lungs and Salmonella Choleraesuis was isolated from the affected pigs. The nine salmonellosis affected pigs, five (55.6%) with salmonellosis and PMWS concurrently infected with PRRSV were much higher than those infected with salmonellosis and PMWS (22.2%) or with salmonellosis and PPPRV (22.2%). 相似文献
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Further assessment of houseflies (Musca domestica) as vectors for the mechanical transport and transmission of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus under field conditions 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Andrea Pitkin John Deen Satoshi Otake Roger Moon Scott Dee 《Canadian journal of veterinary research》2009,73(2):91-96
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential for houseflies (Musca domestica) to mechanically transport and transmit porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) between pig populations under controlled field conditions. The study employed swine housed in commercial livestock facilities and a release-recapture protocol involving marked (ochre-eyed) houseflies. To assess whether transport of PRRSV by insects occurred, ochre-eyed houseflies were released and collected from a facility housing an experimentally PRRSV-inoculated population of pigs (facility A) and collected from a neighboring facility located 120 m to the northwest that housed a naïve pig population (facility B). All samples were tested for PRRSV RNA by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). To assess transmission between the 2 populations, blood samples were collected from naïve pigs in facility B at designated intervals and tested by PCR. A total of 7 replicates were conducted. During 2 of 7 replicates (1 and 5), PCR-positive ochre-eyed houseflies were recovered in facility B and pigs in this facility became infected with PRRSV. Chi-squared analysis indicated that the presence of PRRSV in an insect sample was significantly (P = 0.0004) associated with infection of facility B pigs. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus was not recovered from other reported routes of transmission during the study period, including air, fomites, and personnel. In conclusion, while an insufficient number of replicates were conducted to predict the frequency of the event, houseflies may pose some level of risk for the transport and transmission of PRRSV between pig populations under field conditions. 相似文献
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抗独特型抗体对猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒感染的免疫作用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
用PRRSV感染SPF猪，血清检测结果显示，机体不仅产生抗PRRSV抗原的各种抗体(Ab1)，而且产生针对这些抗体的抗独特型抗体(Ab2)。根据各种蛋白质的等电点不同，应用IEF技术分离纯化出PRRSV感染猪血清中的不同IgG。分别以纯化的抗PRRSV—GP5蛋白、抗PRRSV-M蛋白的Ab2免疫SPF猪各5头，7d后经鼻腔感染PRRSV，定期采集血样进行病毒分离或鉴定试验。抗PRRSV-GP5蛋白的Ab2免疫的猪，其血样自感染后3～7d均检出PRRSV；3头猪在感染后14～63d未检出PRRSV；2头猪在感染后14～35d检出PRRSV，从42～56d转为阴性，其中1头猪在63d时检出PRRSV。抗PRRSV—M蛋白的Ab2免疫的猪，其血样自感染后3～7d均检出PRRSV；2头猪在感染后14～63d未检出PRRSV；3头猪在感染后14～35d检出PRRSV，从42～56d转为阴性，其中1头猪在63d时检出PRRSV。抗PRRSV—GP5和抗PRRSV—M蛋白的Ab2免疫作用显著，可作为PRRSV-GP5和PRRSV—M蛋白的替代抗原产生具有中和效应的抗体，保护机体免受PRRSV的感染。 相似文献
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Strain predominance following exposure of vaccinated and naive pregnant gilts to multiple strains of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Kelly M. Lager William L. Mengeling Ronald D. Wesley 《Canadian journal of veterinary research》2003,67(2):121-127
Two studies were performed in order to test the relative ability of different strains of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) to replicate and cross the placental barrier in pregnant gilts. Study 1 comprised 6 nonvaccinated gilts. Study 2 comprised 8 nonvaccinated gilts and 12 gilts that were vaccinated twice before conception. On, or about, gestation day 90 all gilts were simultaneously exposed to 20 field strains of PRRSV (all strains were distinguishable by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) patterns). Gilts of study 1 were euthanized on day 7 postpartum. Gilts of study 2 were euthanized on, or about, gestation day 111. All gilts, pigs, and fetuses were tested for the presence and type of strain of PRRSV. Of 128 samples shown to contain PRRSV, 118 contained a single strain, 4 contained 2 strains, and 2 contained a strain or strains for which the RFLP pattern was undecipherable. Only 8 of the 20 strains were isolated from nonvaccinated gilts and their litters. And only 2 of the 20 strains (notably 2 of the same strains isolated from nonvaccinated gilts and their litters), were isolated from vaccinated gilts and their litters. Moreover, 1 of the 2 strains accounted for most (31 of 37; 84%) of the isolates from the vaccinated group. Collectively these results indicate that strains differ in their ability to replicate in pregnant gilts and cross the placental barrier. And they suggest that maternal immunity, although sometimes insufficient to prevent transplacental infection, can exert additional selective pressure. 相似文献
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In Denmark, a porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) control programme, comprising vaccination of seropositive herds with a live American type PRRSV vaccine, was started in 1996. In several of these herds, spread of vaccine virus from vaccinated 3-18 week old pigs to non-vaccinated sows was demonstrated by the isolation of vaccine virus from fetuses and stillborn piglets. Surprisingly, sows infected with the American type vaccine strain consistently exhibited significantly stronger serological responses towards European type PRRSV than American type PRRSV. In order to elucidate whether the unexpectedly strong serological reaction towards European-type PRRSV in American type PRRSV infected sows was due to a booster reaction, or reactivation of an unrecognized, latent infection in the sows with European type PRRSV, a challenge study with the vaccine was carried out. In this study, the stronger serological response towards European type PRRSV than towards American type PRRSV was reproduced, and reactivation of the previous natural infection with European PRRSV could neither be demonstrated by virus isolation nor by RT-PCR. So, the increase in antibody titers towards European PRRSV in previously European PRRSV infected pigs after challenge with the vaccine strain seems to be the result of a boosting effect on the immune system, induced by the heterologous vaccine PRRSV strain. 相似文献
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Cho JG Dee SA Deen J Guedes A Trincado C Fano E Jiang Y Faaberg K Collins JE Murtaugh MP Joo HS 《American journal of veterinary research》2006,67(3):489-493
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the influences of animal age, bacterial coinfection, and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) isolate pathogenicity on virus concentration in pigs. ANIMALS: Twenty-one 2-month-old pigs and eighteen 6-month-old pigs. PROCEDURE: Pigs were grouped according to age and infected with mildly virulent or virulent isolates of PRRSV. The role of concurrent bacterial infection was assessed by infecting selected pigs with Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae 21 days prior to inoculation with PRRSV. On alternating days, blood and swab specimens of nasal secretions and oropharyngeal secretions were collected. On day 21 after inoculation with PRRSV, selected tissues were harvested. Concentrations of PRRSV were determined by use of quantitative real-time PCR and expressed in units of TCID(50) per milliliter (sera and swab specimens) or TCID(50) per gram (tissue specimens). RESULTS: Concentrations of virus were higher in blood and tonsils of pigs infected with virulent PRRSV. Pigs infected with virulent PRRSV and M hyopneumoniae had significantly higher concentrations of viral RNA in lymphoid and tonsillar tissue. Coinfection with M hyopneumoniae resulted in a higher viral load in oropharyngeal swab specimens and blood samples, independent of virulence of the PRRSV isolate. Two-month-old pigs had significantly higher viral loads in lymph nodes, lungs, and tracheal swab specimens than did 6-month-old pigs, independent of virulence of the PRRSV isolate. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Multiple factors affect PRRSV concentration in pigs, including pathogenicity of the PRRSV isolate, age, and concurrent infection with M hyopneumoniae. 相似文献