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1.
以江西省万年县中北部低效马尾松改造后25年生左右的林分为研究对象,采用样地调查法调查林区植被类型,利用种子收集器收集种子,取样分析改造后马尾松林下木荷、杉木种子雨和土壤种子库特征及垂直分布格局。结果显示:改造后的马尾松林中,林下乔木以木荷、杉木为主。从垂直分布来看,木荷、杉木土壤种子库总量分布明显呈现从上到下逐渐减少的趋势。木荷枯落物层种子库总量均超过取样收集的种子数量的70%,0~5 cm土层中单位面积种子库总量在4~11粒·m~(-2),木荷无生活力种子的数量和比率都较高。杉木种子库总量平均值分别为49.6、24.8、23粒·m~(-2)。杉木土壤种子库中枯落物层、0~5 cm、5~10 cm土层有生活力种子密度均值分别为8.77、1.23、3.50粒·m·(-2),占种子库总量均值的53.02%、14.82%、45.05%。 相似文献
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《西部林业科学》2021,(4)
为深入了解巨柏天然更新基础——土壤种子库,以巨柏稀疏纯林为研究对象,在巨柏主要分布区的雅江中游朗县选择2种地类(台地、坡地)、4个径级(0～10、10～30、30～50 cm和50 cm)每径级选1株共8株巨柏标准木单株进行土壤种子库时空特征调查。结果显示:(1)巨柏土壤种子库中其种子密度较小,平均为299粒/m~2,集中分布在距树干1～5 m和土层0～5 cm深度的范围内,分别占种子库储量的93.4%和89%,种子库的数量随地表覆盖度的增加呈波动增加趋势;(2)不同地类巨柏土壤种子库大小存在显著差异,坡地345.9粒/m~2主要分布在偏西方向;台地种子库密度为252.1粒/m~2,主要分布在偏北方向上;(3)巨柏种子库整体质量较差,有活力的种子仅占21.9%;不同径级巨柏土壤种子库变异系数在54.9%～67.5%之间;(4)两期调查土壤种子库大小差异显著,12月巨柏种子库数量达到稳定期,到翌年5月种子经过了萌发期,种子库密度从平均311.9粒/m~2降到176.4粒/m~2,减少了43.4%。研究表明,环境异质性、地表覆盖物的遮挡均对巨柏种子库产生了重要影响;巨柏种子库较小、失活率较高一定程度上影响了其天然更新基础。 相似文献
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对内蒙古大兴安岭成熟兴安落叶松纯林的3种不同采伐林分类型(原始林、渐伐林、皆伐林)的土壤种子库储量、质量及其垂直分布(枯枝落叶层、土层0~5cm和5~10cm)进行了研究,结果表明:不同的采伐林分生长状况,决定了不同的土壤种子储量,渐伐林种子储量最多,皆伐林种子储量最小;从种子库活力程度看,种子整体质量非常差,完整种子中大部分为空粒种子,各林分均为70%左右;土壤种子库中种子集中分布在枯枝落叶层中;各林分林下均有幼苗,表明兴安落叶松纯林土壤种子库种子具有一定的萌发能力。 相似文献
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新疆野苹果林土壤种子库物种组成及其空间分布特征研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《河北林果研究》2015,(2)
利用2008年秋季和2009年春季新疆野苹果林林下0~15cm土壤样品,采用萌发法对新疆野苹果林土壤种子库的种子萌发过程、物种组成、空间分布进行研究,结果表明:新疆野苹果林土壤种子库春秋两季种子萌发均出现了2个高峰期,当年秋季物种55种,翌年春季物种63种;无论是当年秋季还是翌年春季,土壤种子量主要集中在0~10cm表层土壤深度空间,占种子库总数的75%以上;在海拔空间分布上,土壤种子库总储量呈现随海拔高度增加先减少后增加,到一定数量后又明显减少的变化趋势;土壤种子库中均未发现新疆野苹果目标种子,因此,新疆野苹果林不能依靠自然更新,必须采用人工更新方式保护种群繁衍与生存。 相似文献
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【目的】研究红锥母树种子雨、土壤种子库及幼苗更新的动态,以期探究其更新制约因素及机制。【方法】采用样线法布置种子雨收集器,分别收集2017、2018年的红锥种子雨和落叶,统计分析不同散种期的种子雨密度、质量、总量及落叶量。同时在母树林下的土壤中设置小样方,对枯落物层、0～5 cm腐殖层和5～10 cm土层取样,统计计算土壤种子库密度和完整种子数量,并在室内测定种子千粒质量和发芽能力。2018年5月,在母树的各取样点附近设样方,调查幼苗的更新情况。【结果】1)红锥种子雨从9月中旬持续至12月下旬,集中散种期为10—11月。2017年为种子大年:种子产量高,种子雨密度为(480. 97±11. 61)粒·m~(-2);种子质量好,完整种子数(433. 86±12. 65)粒·m~(-2),占种子雨总量90. 20%±1. 09%。2018年为种子小年:产种量低,种子雨密度为(126. 37±12. 04)粒·m~(-2);种子质量差,完整种子数(45. 54±11. 47)粒·m~(-2),约占种子雨总量36. 04%±0. 95%。2) 2018年4月的土壤种子库主要源于2017年的种子雨,种子库平均密度为(360. 09±10. 43)粒·m~(-2),完整种子数(215. 13±10. 04)粒·m~(-2),占种子库总量的59. 74%±8. 56%。经室内发芽试验测定,种子库中完整种子的发芽率平均为28. 53%±7. 50%。自然萌发前,约(61. 38±18. 57)粒·m~(-2)种子具有发芽能力;将种子埋于林下土壤保存至2019年4月时,发芽率降为2. 85%±0. 86%,约(8. 59±1. 90)粒·m~(-2)种子具发芽力。种子库中63. 79%±3. 55%的种子分布于枯落物层。3)红锥当年生幼苗的更新频度平均为16%,林下更新的78株幼苗仅11株存活。其中,阳坡的母树更新幼苗数量明显大于阴坡,阳坡的幼苗出现频度为40%,阴坡的为0。【结论】红锥种子雨扩散动态与落叶散落过程一致,其种子库垂直空间分布差异显著,其中大部分种子落入枯落物层;种子发芽率及当年生幼苗存活率低,即使在种子大年后仍难以实现幼苗的建成。因此,种子发芽率低及枯落物阻隔等是导致红锥更新不良的主要因素。 相似文献
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采用野外取样与种子萌发相结合的方法对湖南近自然森林经营主要林分类型(杉木、马尾松林)土壤种子库特征进行了研究。结果表明,杉木林土壤种子库主要由16种植物组成,其物种组成以草本为主,马尾松林20种,其种子库组成包括乔、灌、草生活型的物种。地上植被作为土壤种子库中种子来源,与种子库物种组成具有较高的相似性。种子库萌发过程呈现先草本植物种子萌发后木本植物的现象。杉木林、马尾松林土壤种子库密度具有一定相似性,杉木林、马尾松林最大值均出现在0~10 cm土壤层,分别为434.7粒/m2、523.6粒/m2。杉木林、马尾松林土壤种子库Margalef丰富度指数在10~20 cm土壤层中最低,最大值均出现在0~10cm土壤层中。Shannon-Wiener多样性指数存在一定差异,在10~20 cm土壤层中,杉木林多样性指数为1.56,而马尾松林为1.34,为各层取样中多样性指数最低值。杉木林多样性指数最低值出现在枯枝落叶层,为0.70,多样性指数最高值均出现在0~10 cm土壤层中,分别为1.72、2.01。马尾松林土壤种子库在数量及质量上高于杉木林土壤种子库,马尾松林已逐渐演变为以马尾松占优势,青冈栎、香樟等乔木伴生的次生林,具有一定的林分自然更新能力。 相似文献
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采用野外调查和室内分析相结合的方法,对河西走廊中部沙漠人工梭梭(Haloxylon ammodendron)林土壤种子库进行研究。结果显示:(1)沙漠人工梭梭林中土壤种子库共统计到9个物种,隶属3科9属,以藜科植物最多,土壤种子库总体表现出科属组成较为集中、1年生草本的物种和密度占优势的特点;(2)在沙漠人工梭梭林土壤种子库中,0～2 cm层、2～5 cm、5～10 cm的物种数量分别为4种、5种、6种,其种子密度依次为54.71粒/m~2、58.00粒/m~2、132.86粒/m~2。物种数量和密度均呈现5～10 cm2～5 cm0～2 cm层的分布规律,5～10 cm层与2～5 cm、0～2 cm层密度差异明显。(3)不同土层种子库的Shannon—wiener、Simpson、Peilow指数变化趋势基本一致,随土层深度增加而增大,而Margalet指数和生态优势度指数与之相反;(4)种子库和地上植被的相似性系数在0.545 5～0.666 7之间,相似程度比较高。(5)从土壤种子库物种的生活型构成及各功能群优势度比例分析,整体上,种子库中以1年生植物的种子比例最高,达到86.13%;沙漠植被自我恢复的程度较低。 相似文献
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选择四川省沐川县凉风坳亚热带次生常绿阔叶林为研究对象,在2004年5月、2004年12月和2005年5月对其林下土壤种子库、种子雨以及种子天然萌发状况等方面进行系统调查及分析研究。结果显示,种子下落前后土壤种子库储量,变动为643.2～889.2粒.m-2,物种和种子密度多年生草本物种均占优势。天然林土壤种子库Shannon-Wiener指数均在2004年5月最大,2004年12月次之,2005年5月最小;Simpson指数却和Shannon-Wiener指数H＇的变化趋势相反;Pielou均匀度指数在2004年12月有所降低,此后又升高。种子均呈明显垂直分布,其中0～2 cm土层种子数量最多,其次是枯枝落叶层,其数量随着土层加深而降低。土壤种子库年输入活力种子142.3粒.m-2,年输出活力种子268.9粒.m-2,动物取食是造成种子损失的主要原因。对照人工林土壤种子库物种和密度均低于天然林地;种子库与地上植被物种相似性系数,人工林较高,而天然次生常绿阔叶林较低。 相似文献
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In 1991 and 1992 studies on Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. showed the availability of ample amount of viable seed from November to May. Viability of seeds collected from December to March was more than 90 per cent. There was a slight but significant decrease in germination from March to may. Again germination per cent was slightly and significantly decreased from May to July. Thereafter, seed availability and viability were got drastically reduced. Sufficient viable seed of Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. can be collected at any time from November to July. 相似文献
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Collection and care of sweetgum seed 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
F. T. Bonner 《New Forests》1987,1(3):207-214
Sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua L.), a widely distributed hardwood in the United States and Central America, shows potential for tropical forestry application. Fruit heads change from bright green to yellow in color as they mature, and they can be picked from standing trees or logging slash when the color change occurs. Fruits release their seeds after only moderate drying, and cleaning is easy with air-screen cleaners. Sweetgum seeds are orthodox in storage behavior, and they should be stored at moisture contents of 5 to 10% at 0° to 5° (5 years or less) or –18° (more than 5 years). The seeds exhibit a shallow dormancy that can be overcome with 2 to 4 weeks of stratification at 3°C. 相似文献
13.
Wajirou Suzuki 《Journal of Forest Research》2000,5(3):181-185
Germination tests in the three sympatricCarpinus species,C. laxiflora, C. tshonoskii, andC. cordata, were carried out to clarify their germination traits in relation to the regeneration strategies. Seeds did not germinate
just after ripening under any conditions in the three species. After one or two rounds of cold stratification, however,C. laxiflora andC. tshonoskii showed high germination percentages (>80%) at alternating temperature in light whileC. cordata did not. After a long-term (10 months) cold stratification, about 100% ofC. cordata seeds germinated, although about 70% of these seeds were in “conditional dormancy” and cannot germinate in the dark. Seed
germination in the threeCarpinus species was enhanced by alternating temperature, but not by light exposure. These results suggest that the seeds of the three species
are dormant just after ripening and the dormancy is broken by cold stratification. with intra-generic variations in the breakage.
Germination traits in each species may be closely related to the regeneration strategy;C. cordata maintains a persistent seed bank with seed dormancy and regenerates after disturbances as a seed bank strategist, whereas
the other two species germinate in the next spring after seedfall and regenerate depending either on existing disturbed-sites
or sites of recent disturbances after seedling establishment as a seed rain strategist (C. tschonoskii) or seedling bank strategist (C. laxiflora).
This study was supported by grants from the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (BCP-97-III-A). 相似文献
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Changes in family composition during nursery production were evaluated by following individual seeds and seedlings of 36 wind-pollinated Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) families sown in mixture in two operational nurseries in western Washington and Oregon. Families differed significantly in emergence and in percent of seedlings culled for being too small. However, differences were small enough that family composition was largely unaffected. The observed changes in family composition did not markedly reduce genetic diversity and did not affect the genetic gain that may be expected from an improved population. The plantable nursery stock was, for the most part, representative of the composition of families originally sown. 相似文献
15.
Native woody species regeneration in exotic tree plantations at Munessa-Shashemene Forest,southern Ethiopia 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Regeneration of native woody species was studied in the plantations and the adjacent natural forest at Munessa-Shashemene Forest Project Area, Ethiopia. The aim of the study was to test the hypothesis that tree plantations foster regeneration of native woody species. A total of 60 plots, having 10 × 10 m area each, were studied in monoculture plantations of 4 exotic species (Cupressus lusitanica, Eucalyptus globulus, E. saligna, Pinus patula) and an adjacent natural forest. Ages of the plantations ranged between 9 and 28 years. Soil seed bank analysis was also undertaken from soil samples collected in each of the 60 plots to examine the similarity between the soil seed flora and aboveground vegetation. A total of 56 naturally regenerated woody species were recorded beneath all plantation stands with densities ranging between 2300 and 18650 individuals / ha in different stands. There was a significant difference among plantation stands with regard to understorey density (standard deviation: 4836 ± 1341). Vegetation diversity was assessed through analyses of floristic composition, species richness and abundance. Generally, seedling populations were the most abundant components of the regeneration in most of the plantation stands, forming 68 % of the total regeneration count in all stands. A total of 77 plant species represented by 44 herbs, 13 woody species, 8 grasses and 12 unidentified species were recorded in the soil seed bank from all stands. Similarity between the soil seed bank and aboveground flora was very low implying that the role of soil seed banks is negligible rather dispersal plays an important role in the process of regeneration. These results support the concept that forest plantations can foster the regeneration of native woody species, thereby increasing biological diversity, provided that there are seed sources in the vicinity of the plantations. 相似文献
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[目的]探讨不同种源家系岭南槭种子形态、种子萌发与幼苗生长的特性,分析它们与种源地地理气候因子之间的关系。[方法]对广东省岭南槭天然分布区的3个种源18个家系的种子表型性状、发芽特征、幼苗生长性状和叶色表现进行方差分析和相关性分析。[结果]表明:肇庆黑石顶(HSD)种源的种子最厚、最宽,深圳七娘山(QNS)种源的种子最薄、最窄,惠州南昆山(NKS)种源的种子最长,种子千粒质量最高;翅长与翅宽呈极显著正相关(P0.01),种子千粒质量与发芽率显著正相关(P0.05);岭南槭1年生幼苗地径与苗高成正比,幼苗生长受种源地的地理气候因子影响;在色彩表现方面,QNS3、QNS13家系的明度L*值较大,QNS13色相b*值显著高于其他家系,NKS14家系幼苗的色相a*值最大。[结论]种子千粒质量越高,发芽率越高;幼苗的地径苗高生长受种源地的地理气候因子影响。NKS14家系幼苗红叶特征最明显,色彩表现较好。 相似文献
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The number of fertile and infertile scales, filled and empty seeds, cone volume, seed efficiency and the incidence of insect and disease damage to seed were evaluated for seven jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb) and six black spruce (Picea mariana [Mill.] B.S.P.) seedling seed orchards in northern Ontario, Canada. On average, the seed potential of jack pine and black spruce cones was 50 and 82 seeds, respectively. Cone volume and the number of fertile scales were under strong genetic control and well correlated with one another for both species. Seed efficiency values were high for jack pine (60%) but poor for black spruce (24%). The incidence of seed insect damage was less than 2.5% for both species and nil for seed diseases. 相似文献
18.
Paige E. Axelrood Melody Neumann David Trotter Reed Radley Gwen Shrimpton John Dennis 《New Forests》1995,9(1):35-51
Twelve Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) seedlots from coastal British Columbia were assayed for seedborne Fusarium. All of the seedlots were contaminated with Fusarium. Percent of nonstratified seeds from individual seedlots harboring Fusarium ranged from 0.3% to 95.4%. Sixty-seven percent of the seedlots had Fusarium on less than 2% of the seeds. Post-stratification seedborne Fusarium levels were significantly less for running water imbibition compared to standing water imbibition. However, seedling growth at a container nursery was not consistently different for stratified seed imbibed initially in standing or running water. Fusarium disease symptoms were not observed in the nursery environment. The species of Fusarium isolated from seed were F. acuminatum, F. avenaceum, F. lateritium, F. moniliforme, F. oxysporum, F. poae and F. sambucinum. Twelve Fusarium isolates, comprising six species, were assessed for pathogenicity. Disease symptoms were observed after four weeks incubation and Fusarium isolates ranged in virulence from low to high. Fusarium oxysporum isolates were the most pathogenic. 相似文献
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[目的]通过研究滇重楼种子层积过程中不同阶段内源激素含量与种胚长度的动态变化情况来探讨种子休眠机理.[方法]应用酶联免疫吸附法测定不同阶段种子内激素含量.[结果]种子萌发过程中,脱落酸(ABA)含量由54.34 ng·g-1·FW降至32.16 ng·g-1·FW,赤霉素(GA)、玉米素核苷(ZR)显著升高,吲哚乙酸(IAA)含量波动较大,但整体呈逐渐升高趋势,随层积时间延长,未萌发种子中ABA含量持续降低,GA含量与GA/ABA值持续升高,仍显著低于已萌动种子中激素含量(p<0.05);种子在层积42天后,种胚开始膨胀,胚率快速增加;相关性分析结果,内源激素含量及比值与种胚生长呈显著相关(p<0.05),其中,GA/ABA值对种胚生长的影响最大.[结论]种子萌发过程中仅ABA含量降低不足以解除滇重楼种子休眠,同期GA含量升高和GA/ABA值达到某一阈值时能有效的解除滇重楼种子的休眠和促进胚的发育;种子在层积40天左右后,由于各项激素的综合作用,滇重楼种子由休眠状态逐步转变为破除休眠状态和萌发状态. 相似文献
20.
Realized genetic gains brought by the first-generation tree improvement of Acacia mangium were evaluated by analyzing the 1-year growth performance of growth (height, dbh) and form (stem straightness, multi-stem) traits using data collected from three second-generation orchards: groups B, C, and D. Each orchard was composed of improved families derived from open-pollinated seed of plus trees selected from the first-generation seed orchards and newly added unimproved families collected from the same geographic region. The number of improved families and that of the unimproved in each orchard were 31 and 23 for group B, 28 and 39 for group C, and 24 and 30 for group D. Gains were calculated as percentage increase of improved families over unimproved ones. Improved families performed better than unimproved ones in 11 out of 12 comparison cases: four traits each in the three orchards. Averages of the realized genetic gain across the three seedling seed orchards were 3.1%, 5.2%, 4.3%, and 0.5% for height, dbh, stem straightness, and multi-stem, respectively. Except for multi-stem, the performances of improved families were significantly better than those of unimproved families in all the three orchards for dbh and in two out of three orchards for height and stem straightness. 相似文献