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1.
探索泌乳早期奶牛乳中脂蛋白比和尿素氮对产后日泌乳性能和疾病发生的影响。于江苏省某大型奶牛场选择产犊时间接近的头胎荷斯坦牛1 555头,于产犊后30d内采集乳样,测定日产奶量、乳成分和乳尿素氮(Milk Urea Nitrogen,MUN)含量,并收集试验牛只产后150d内各种疾病的发生情况,分析乳中脂蛋白比和尿素氮与产后测定日泌乳性能和疾病发生的关系。结果表明:试验牛只产犊后1个月内乳中脂蛋白比和尿素氮分别为(1.56±0.35)mg/dL和(9.83±2.53)mg/dL;乳中脂蛋白比和尿素氮含量对测定日产奶量有显著影响(P0.05),对乳脂率、蛋白率、体细胞数、乳糖和总固体达到极显著水平(P0.01);脂蛋白比小于1的奶牛测定日产奶量、乳脂率和总固体含量显著低于其它奶牛,同时乳中体细胞数和乳蛋白含量显著高于其它类型奶牛(P0.05);乳中尿素氮含量大于15.00mg/dL的奶牛乳脂率、乳蛋白率、体细胞数、总固体含量显著高于其它类型的奶牛(P0.05),乳糖含量显著低于其它类型的奶牛(P0.05)。MUN与乳糖含量呈极显著负相关(P0.01),与乳脂率、乳蛋白率、体细胞数和脂蛋白比呈极显著正相关(P0.01),与日产奶量呈显著正相关(P0.05);脂蛋白比与乳脂率、MUN和总固体含量呈极显著正相关(P0.01),与乳蛋白率、体细胞数和乳糖含量呈极显著负相关(P0.01)。脂蛋白比水平对产后150d内真胃移位的发生有显著影响(P0.05),脂蛋白比对是否发生蹄病和真胃移位达到显著水平(P0.05)。奶牛泌乳早期乳中尿素氮和脂蛋白比是反映能量负平衡的关键指标,可作为预测产后泌乳性能和部分疾病发生的指标加以利用。 相似文献
2.
产犊季节和胎次对荷斯坦牛部分繁殖指标的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了研究不同产犊季节和胎次对荷斯坦牛部分繁殖指标的影响,为长江中下游地区荷斯坦牛合理安排配种时间提供科学依据.本试验利用海丰奶牛场引进的澳系荷斯坦牛的繁殖指标数据,分析了产犊季节和不同胎次对部分繁殖指标的影响.结果显示,产犊季节对产后第一次发情泌乳天数、配种指数、产后受孕天数以及产犊间隔等繁殖指标的影响达到极显著水平(P＜0.01).胎次对发情泌乳天数、产后受孕天数以及产犊间隔等繁殖指标的影响也达到极显著水平(P＜0.01).在本研究中,秋季产犊的奶牛繁殖指标最佳.此外,头胎产犊奶牛的繁殖性能在各胎次中最好,该结果对同类地区荷斯坦牛繁殖管理有很好的指导作用. 相似文献
3.
对河南地区4个大型奶牛场荷斯坦牛繁殖记录进行了统计,综合采用单因素方差分析和卡方分析的方法分析了牧场、产后首次配种时间、胎次和季节对荷斯坦牛繁殖性能的影响。结果表明:(1)荷斯坦牛的平均初产月龄为26.2月,产犊间隔为438d,情期受胎率为45.2%,流产率为3.4%,死胎率为10.5%。(2)不同牧场对荷斯坦牛初产月龄、产犊间隔、情期受胎率、流产率和死胎率的影响差异很大。(3)产后51~60d首次配种奶牛情期受胎率最高(85.7%),产后161~170d首次配种奶牛情期受胎率最低(30.7%)。(4)胎次对流产率和死胎率影响不显著(P0.05),但随着胎次的增加,产犊间隔逐渐减少,以产第5胎的产犊间隔最小,但与产第6胎产犊间隔差异不显著(P0.05),与其它胎次间产犊间隔均差异极显著(P0.01)。(5)夏季荷斯坦牛情期受胎率最低(29.9%),死胎率最高(14.3%);春季情期受胎率最高(52.8%),死胎率最低(2.6%)。 相似文献
4.
产犊季节、胎次及牛场对荷斯坦牛泌乳性能的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本研究收集了3个千头以上奶牛场共8872条相关信息,采用多因素方差分析法分析了不同产犊季节、胎次和牛场对泌乳天数、305d校正奶量、305d脂肪产量、305d蛋白产量和全泌乳期产奶量5个泌乳性能指标的影响。结果表明,不同产犊季节、胎次和牛场都极显著影响奶牛的该5项泌乳性能（P〈0．01）。夏季和秋季产犊奶牛的泌乳性能较为理想。夏季产犊奶牛的泌乳天数和全泌乳期产奶量最高,其他三个泌乳性能指标都位居第二;秋季产犊奶牛的305d校正奶量、脂肪产量和蛋白产量都显著高于其他三个季节（P〈0．05）,泌乳天数和全泌乳期产奶量也仅次于夏季。头胎牛的各项泌乳性能都显著高于其他胎次的奶牛（P〈0．05）,其次为2胎产犊奶牛。随着胎次的增加,泌乳性能的各项指标都有不同程度的降低。不同的牛场极显著地影响奶牛的泌乳性能（P〈0．01）。 相似文献
5.
《黑龙江畜牧兽医》2017,(4)
酮病是奶牛围产期常发生的主要营养代谢病,奶牛酮病给奶牛业造成了严重的经济损失。为了探讨奶牛酮病对奶牛泌乳性能和繁殖性能的影响,以黑龙江省两个集约化和规范化大型奶牛场为试验场,选择产后7~28 d的泌乳荷斯坦奶牛97头,分为酮病组(47头)和健康对照组(50头),记录奶牛的年龄、体况、胎次及泌乳量等基本信息,检测血浆中β-羟基丁酸(BHBA)含量,并应用奶牛场阿菲金软件信息系统统计奶牛泌乳早期泌乳性能及繁殖性能等各项指标。结果表明:酮病组奶牛与健康对照组奶牛比较泌乳周期显著增加,泌乳量显著降低(P0.05),干奶期时间差异不显著(P0.05);酮病组奶牛与健康对照组奶牛相比,配种次数、配种天数和产犊间隔显著增加(P0.05),初配天数和首次发情天数差异不显著(P0.05);酮病与真胃变位、胎衣不下、前胃弛缓、蹄病、乳房炎虽有相关性,但差异不显著(P0.05);说明奶牛患酮病时泌乳量显著降低,泌乳周期延长,同时配种次数、配种天数、产犊间隔的延长更不利于奶牛业的发展,将造成严重的经济损失。 相似文献
6.
奶牛人工授精情期受胎率的高低,是影响繁殖性能高低的主要指标,也是决定养殖奶牛经济效益的关键.奶牛情期受胎率除了受环境、技术、个体等多种因素影响.同时还与牛的营养状况、配种时间、配种技术、冻精技术及健康状况有很大关系.本文探讨提高奶牛情期受胎率的措施. 相似文献
7.
健康的繁殖性能是奶牛泌乳和生产的基础,直接影响到奶牛养殖经济效益和奶业的可持续发展.奶牛产后繁殖机能的恢复,即奶牛产后正常发情与配种.它与奶牛产后的情期受胎率、产犊间隔及终身繁殖效率均关系密切,是评判奶牛繁殖力的重要指标.本文对奶牛产后繁殖机能恢复与品种、营养水平、胎次与胎儿、产奶量、季节与环境、疾病等因素的关系作简要综述. 相似文献
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[目的]为了研究不同产犊季节对荷斯坦奶牛第一胎泌乳性能的影响,以便为长江中下游地区荷斯坦奶牛合理安排配种时间提供科学依据。[方法]利用海丰奶牛场有限公司2009年引进2480头澳系进口荷斯坦牛产犊季节及其第一胎泌乳性能的数据,分析不同产犊季节对第一胎泌乳天数、全泌乳期实际产奶量、305d校正奶量、305d脂肪产量和305d蛋白产量的影响。[结果]表明:不同产犊季节对第一胎泌乳天数和全泌乳期产奶量影响极显著(P0.01),显著影响305天脂肪产量(0.01P0.05),春季产犊的奶牛泌乳天数最长(358±10d),而冬季产犊的奶牛泌乳天数最短(299±18d),春季与夏季产犊奶牛的全泌乳期产奶量显著高于秋季、冬季产犊奶牛(P0.05),夏季产犊奶牛305d脂肪产量最高。[结论]综合各产犊季节样本量及相应泌乳性能,认为该场澳系进口荷斯坦牛最适宜产犊季节为夏末秋初,此时泌乳性能最好。该结果对同类地区引进澳系进口荷斯坦牛繁殖与生产管理有借鉴作用。 相似文献
10.
1能量奶牛从出生到周而复始连续不断产犊和产奶,能量因素起着至关重要的影响。依据泌乳阶段的不同,成母牛的体膘应始终维持在2.0~3.5。低于2.0会致繁殖功能受损,延滞产后发情和配种,情期受胎率降低9%以上;高于3.5,则会与过肥妊娠育成牛相似,造成难产增多和分娩后代谢障碍。 相似文献
11.
本试验选用276头高产中国荷斯坦牛为研究对象,其中120头初产奶牛和156头经产奶牛均表现为分娩期异常或产后期异常,如难产、胎衣不下、双胎难产、早产或子宫感染。试验牛被分为处理组与对照组。处理组在产后20d间隔811连续两次皮下注射氯前列烯醇（0.4mg/次）,对照组注射4．0mL灭菌生理盐水。然后观察其首次发情的时间、适合第一次人工授精的时间、首次授精妊娠率、150d妊娠率、产后的空怀天数、重复配种奶牛的比例和每头牛的授精次数。结果表明,产后应用前列腺素对产后首次发情的时间和产后首次人工授精的时间没有影响,但处理组奶牛首次人工授精的妊娠率明显升高,这在头胎牛更为明显;产后应用氯前列烯醇可明显减少平均授精次数、缩短产后空怀时间、增加产后150d泌乳奶牛的妊娠率、降低产犊后重复配种率。 相似文献
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[目的]研究产犊季节、胎次及不同牛场对奶牛泌乳性能的影响情况,以期为提高奶牛的泌乳性能及牛奶质量提供可靠的理论依据。[方法]收集3个千头以上奶牛场共8 872次相关信息,用多因素方差分析法分析产犊季节、胎次和牛场对泌乳天数、305d校正奶量、305d脂肪产量、305d蛋白产量和全泌乳期产奶量5个泌乳性能的影响进行分析。[结果]不同产犊季节、胎次和牛场都极显著影响奶牛的5项泌乳性能(P<0.01)。夏季和秋季产犊奶牛的泌乳性能较为理想。夏季产犊奶牛的泌乳天数和全泌乳期产奶量最高,其他三个泌乳性能都位居第二;秋季产犊奶牛的305d校正奶量、脂肪产量和蛋白产量都显著高于其他三个季节(P<0.05),泌乳天数和全泌乳期产奶量也仅次于夏季。头胎牛的各项泌乳性能都显著高于其他胎次的奶牛(P<0.05),其次为2胎产犊奶牛。随着胎次的增加,泌乳性能的各项指标都有不同程度的降低。除了泌乳天数之外,A牛场的各项泌乳性能都最佳,且显著高于B、C两个奶牛场(P<0.05)。[结论]在饲养条件良好的情况下,本研究中三个牛场的奶牛适宜在夏、秋两个季节产犊,此时泌乳性能较好;此外,头胎产犊奶牛的泌乳性能在各胎次中最高。 相似文献
13.
Lack of effects of an equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) administration between days 9 and 15 postpartum on reproductive performance in a Holstein dairy herd 
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下载免费PDF全文 Recently, it has been demonstrated that administration of equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) in the postpartum period in dairy cows can enhance follicle growth, reduce the interval from calving to first ovulation and increase plasma estradiol concentrations, and, thus, could enhance reproductive performance in a dairy herd when administered on day 6 postpartum. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a single dose of eCG between days 9 and 15 postpartum on parameters of reproductive performance in dairy cows. German Holstein cows (n = 1937; primiparous cows: n = 748; pluriparous cows: n = 1189) in a commercial dairy farm were randomly assigned to three experimental groups. Animals within the group eCG received a single dose of 600 IU eCG intramuscularly (i.m.) between days 9 and 15 postpartum followed by an i.m. administration of 500 μg cloprostenol after 14 days. Those of treatment group PG received cloprostenol only between days 23 and 29 postpartum. Cows of the control group remained untreated. Starting on day 49 postpartum, cows were subjected to a Presynch‐Ovsynch protocol and inseminated artificially. The impact of application time (days postpartum) of eCG on the intervals calving to first service and calving to conception was statistically not significant. Outcomes of reproductive performance (i.e. first service conception rate, proportion of pregnant cows until 100 and 150 days in milk [DIM], number of inseminations until 150 DIM, calving to first service interval and calving to conception interval) did not differ significantly between treatment group eCG and group PG compared to control group. Regarding postpartum eCG administration, significant interactions between treatment and parity, season, milk yield, and early puerperal disorders, respectively, could not be shown. In conclusion, an eCG treatment of dairy cows between days 9 and 15 postpartum to increase reproductive performance cannot be recommended under the given circumstances. 相似文献
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The effects of calving to first service interval on reproductive performance in normal cows and cows with postpartal disease 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Dohoo IR 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》1983,24(11):343-346
The relationships between the calving to first service interval and several measures of reproductive performance were evaluated in 1738 lactation records from cows in 32 southern Ontario Holstein herds. Lactation records were divided into three mutually exclusive health categories based on the cows' postpartal disease histories.
Relationships between the calving to first service interval and the first service conception rate, number of services per conception and open interval were similar for all three health categories. The first service conception rate was lower and the average number of services per conception higher in cows first bred before 60 days when compared to cows first bred after 60 days. The relationship between the calving to first service interval and the open interval indicated that for each day that breeding was delayed the open interval was extended by 0.86 days.
It appeared that overall conception rates may be lower for cows first bred very early or very late, but differences in the overall conception rate were only significant for cows experiencing a reproductive tract infection. Unless very expensive semen is being used, it is suggested that disease free cows be bred at the first heat occurring after 40 days postpartum, and that cows experiencing postpartal disease be bred at the first heat occurring after 60 days postpartum.
相似文献15.
A two-year longitudinal study was conducted to assess the reproductive and lactation performances of smallholder crossbred
dairy cattle in Fitche, central Ethiopia. Twenty-four smallholder dairy farms were monitored and data on reproductive, breeding,
lactation and management aspects of crossbred dairy cows (n = 69) were collected and analysed. Moreover, milk samples were collected and analysed for progesterone. The overall Least-squares
means for calving interval (CI), calving to conception interval (CCI) and first observed oestrus after calving were 516, 253
and 141 days, respectively. Suckling significantly prolonged these intervals. The mean first onset of luteal activity (OLA)
after calving was 52 days, while 67.4% (n = 43) had a delayed (>55 days) return to cyclicity after calving. Suckling and parity number significantly (p < 0.05) influenced the OLA. The mean lactation length was 54.4 weeks. The overall daily mean milk yield for the first 43 weeks
of lactation after calving was 11.7 L/day. The estimated daily milk yield increased slowly and reached peak (13.8 L/day) around
the 11th week post partum and declined gradually and steadily. Suckling status, season of calving and parity number significantly influenced the estimated
daily milk yield. In conclusion, the present study indicated that the smallholder crossbred dairy cows in the study area had
prolonged intervals to first oestrus after calving, to conception and to the next calving, and thus their reproductive performance
is unsatisfactory. Delayed first onset of luteal activity (postpartum anoestrus) contributed to these extended intervals.
Further detailed investigation is suggested to examine the effects of other relevant factors on the reproductive and lactation
performances of smallholder crossbred dairy cows for appropriate intervention. 相似文献
16.
The objectives of this study were to determine the risk factors for postpartum endometritis by evaluating several reproductive factors in individual cows, and to determine the effect of endometritis on the subsequent reproductive performance in dairy herds in Korea. The data, including health status, parity and body condition score (BCS) of cows, and calving date, were collected from 320 cows in eight dairy herds calving from January 2001 to October 2002. We used logistic regression to evaluate the effects of these factors on endometritis. A stepwise procedure, used to obtain the appropriate model with alpha=0.05, revealed that retained placenta, metabolic disorders and parity are the important risk factors for endometritis. The mean intervals from calving to first service and conception were prolonged (P<0.01) by 23 and 36 days, respectively, in the endometritis group compared to the non-endometritis group. The first service conception rate was lower (P<0.05) in the endometritis group (47.6%) than in the non-endometritis group (62.6%). The number of services per conception was higher (P<0.05) in the endometritis group (1.9) than in the non-endometritis group (1.6). We conclude that retained placenta, metabolic disorders and cow parity are strongly correlated with the development of postpartum endometritis, which decreases reproductive performance in dairy herds in Korea. 相似文献
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Interrelationships between ambient temperature, age at calving, postpartum reproductive events and reproductive performance in dairy cows: a path analysis. 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 W G Etherington S W Martin I R Dohoo W T Bosu 《Canadian journal of veterinary research》1985,49(3):254-260
Path analysis was used to determine the interrelationships between ambient temperature, age at calving, postpartum reproductive events and reproductive performance in dairy cows. The data used in the analysis were collected on 226 Holstein-Friesian cows calving in a commercial dairy herd during a 17 month period (May 1, 1981 to October 1, 1982). The data were obtained from a double blind study evaluating the effects of gonadotrophin releasing hormone and cloprostenol in postpartum cows. Rectal palpation to assess uterine involution and ovarian activity was performed on each cow on days 15, 24 and 28 postpartum. At the same time, blood samples were collected for subsequent progesterone assay. Data were recorded on the occurrence of reproductive diseases and events from the time of parturition until the diagnosis of pregnancy or until the cow left the herd in the case of culled cows. There was an increase in the incidence of retained placenta, in the percentage of cows with abnormal vaginal discharge in the early postpartum period as well as a delay in uterine involution during the winter months. In addition, cows calving during the winter had prolonged intervals to first estrus, first service and conception compared to cows calving during the summer. (Cows calving during the warmest months, on average, were seen in estrus 24 days sooner, received first service 42 days sooner and conceived 27 days sooner than cows calving during the coldest months of the year).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) 相似文献