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1.
BACKGROUND: Important characteristics determining the usefulness of a method for glomerular filtration rate (GFR) measurement are convenience, availability, and reproducibility. HYPOTHESIS: The use of different plasma clearance methods could lead to different results and differences in reproducibility. ANIMALS: Twelve healthy cats: 6 young adult cats (age 7-12 months), and 6 aged cats (age 9-12 years) were included in this study. METHODS: A cross-over design was used to compare the plasma clearance of exogenous creatinine (PECCT), exo-iohexol (PexICT), endo-iohexol (PenICT), and chromium-51 ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (51Cr-EDTA), and to investigate reproducibility of these methods. Cats of different ages were included to determine if differences in GFR in young adult versus aged cats would be detected with these methods. The PECCT, PexICT, and PenICT were performed in a combined manner. Plasma data were subjected to noncompartmental (creatinine, exo-iohexol, and endo-iohexol) or bicompartmental (51Cr-EDTA) analysis with a statistical moment approach. Area under the concentration-time curve was calculated using the trapezoidal rule with extrapolation to infinity. Statistical analyses were carried out using a random effects model. RESULTS: Globally, the 4 methods differed significantly (P < .0001) in GFR assessment. Clearance of exo-iohexol and chromium-51 ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (51Cr -EDTA) showed the highest and lowest reproducibility, respectively. Only plasma clearance of creatinine differed significantly between young adult and aged cats. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: We found considerable differences in reproducibility of different GFR measurements. These findings should be taken into account not only in practice but also in future studies involving GFR measurement.  相似文献   

2.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of methimazole on renal function in cats with hyperthyroidism. Twelve cats with naturally occurring hyperthyroidism and 10 clinically normal (i.e., control) cats were included in this study. All cats initially were evaluated with a history, physical examination, complete blood count, serum biochemistry profile, basal serum total thyroxine concentration, complete urinalysis, and urine bacterial culture. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was estimated by a plasma iohexol clearance (PIC) test. After initial evaluation, hyperthyroid cats were treated with methimazole until euthyroidism was achieved. Both groups of cats were then reevaluated by repeating the initial tests four to six weeks later. The mean (+/-standard deviation) pretreatment estimated GFR for the hyperthyroid cats was significantly higher (3.83+/-1.82 ml/kg per min) than that of the control cats (1.83+/-0.56 ml/kg per min). Control of the hyperthyroidism resulted in a significantly decreased mean GFR of 2.02+/-0.81 ml/kg per minute when compared to pretreatment values. In the hyperthyroid group, the mean increases in serum urea nitrogen (SUN) and creatinine concentrations and the mean decrease in the urine specific gravity after treatment were not statistically significant when compared to pretreatment values. Two of the 12 hyperthyroid cats developed abnormally high serum creatinine concentrations following treatment. These results provide evidence that cats with hyperthyroidism have increased GFR compared to normal cats, and that treatment of feline hyperthyroidism with methimazole results in decreased GFR.  相似文献   

3.
Background: Chronic kidney failure is frequently seen in middle-aged and elderly cats. 51Chromium-ethylene diaminic tetraacetic acid (51Cr-EDTA) clearance and single blood sample (SBS) method are used in several species to estimate the glomerular filtration rate (GFR).
Hypothesis: The hypothesis of this study was that 51Cr-EDTA clearance could be determined using an SBS method in normal and hyperthyroid cats.
Animals: Forty-six cats were included in this study, with an average age of 9.5 years. Of these cats, 27 had hyperthyroidism; 19 were healthy.
Methods: After IV injection of 51Cr-EDTA (average dose: 4.25 MBq), 7 blood samples were obtained between 5 and 240 minutes. Reference clearance was calculated in mL/min and mL/min/kg body weight, using a 2-compartment model. Optimal time for clearance measurement with SBS was then determined by systematically comparing each individual plasma concentration to the reference multisample clearance.
Results: The average reference plasma clearance of 51Cr-EDTA for all cats was 14.9 mL/min (3.7 mL/min/kg). The clearance in hyperthyroid cats averaged 16.4 mL/min (4.3 mL/min/kg) and in normal cats averaged 10.3 mL/min (2.4 mL/min/kg).
The optimal time for the SBS was 48 minutes after injection of tracer 51Cr-EDTA ( R 2= 0.9414), giving the following converting equation: clearance = (0.0066 × DV48 minutes) – 0.9277 (in mL/min).
Conclusions and Clinical Importance: In this study, the single sample 51Cr-EDTA clearance method was used to estimate the global GFR in cats. The method identified differences in clearance between normal and hyperthyroid cats. The optimal time for an SBS was 48 minutes.  相似文献   

4.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate accuracy of measuring plasma clearance of inulin as an alternative renal function test for estimation of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in cats. ANIMALS: 10 cats, first studied with intact kidneys and subsequently studied following partial nephrectomy. PROCEDURE: Clearance studies were performed in 10 clinically normal cats; those same cats then underwent partial nephrectomy, and clearance studies were performed again. Plasma concentration of inulin was determined after administration at 50 mg/kg of body weight to cats while renally intact and 45 mg/kg after the partial nephrectomy. Plasma clearance of inulin (PCin) was determined by dividing the dose by the area under the plasma inulin concentration versus time curve. Results for PCin were compared with values obtained simultaneously for urinary clearance of exogenously administered creatinine (Ccr), a widely accepted method for measurement of GFR in cats with intact kidneys and cats with reduced renal mass. RESULTS: Results of PCin were strongly correlated (r2 = 0.912, P < 0.001) with Ccr. Repeatability of determination of PCin was similar to that of Ccr. Sensitivity and specificity of PCin were superior and equivalent to that of Ccr, respectively. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Determination of PCin provides a reliable estimate of GFR in cats and is a promising alternative to determining Ccr in cats.  相似文献   

5.
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether plasma clearance of iohexol (PCio) can be used to estimate glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in cats. ANIMALS: 4 renal-intact and 6 partially nephrectomized adult cats. PROCEDURE: Plasma clearance of iohexol was determined after IV administration of iohexol; plasma concentrations of iodine were measured by use of a colorimetric assay. Results for PCio were compared with simultaneously obtained values for urinary clearance of creatinine (CCr). RESULTS: The colorimetric assay used to measure plasma iodine concentrations was extremely precise. Results of PCio for all cats, renal-intact cats, and partially nephrectomized cats were closely associated with results of CCr. Mean difference between CCr and PCio determined for all cats was 0.95 ml/min/kg, which was < 30% of mean CCr for renal-intact cats. Coefficients of variance for PCio (5%) and CCr (8%) in renal-intact cats were similar. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Plasma clearance of iohexol determined by use of a simple colorimetric assay provided an estimation of GFR in cats that was not significantly different from that provided by CCr. Moreover, PCio more reliably estimates renal function than BUN and plasma creatinine concentrations. Because determination of PCio is less labor intensive and invasive, compared with CCr, it may be easier to perform in a clinical setting.  相似文献   

6.
BACKGROUND: Chronic kidney failure is frequently seen in middle-aged and elderly cats. 51Chromium-ethylene diaminic tetraacetic acid (51Cr-EDTA) clearance and single blood sample (SBS) method are used in several species to estimate the glomerular filtration rate (GFR). HYPOTHESIS: The hypothesis of this study was that 51Cr-EDTA clearance could be determined using an SBS method in normal and hyperthyroid cats. ANIMALS: Forty-six cats were included in this study, with an average age of 9.5 years. Of these cats, 27 had hyperthyroidism; 19 were healthy. METHODS: After IV injection of 51Cr-EDTA (average dose: 4.25 MBq), 7 blood samples were obtained between 5 and 240 minutes. Reference clearance was calculated in mL/min and mL/min/kg body weight, using a 2-compartment model. Optimal time for clearance measurement with SBS was then determined by systematically comparing each individual plasma concentration to the reference multisample clearance. RESULTS: The average reference plasma clearance of 51Cr-EDTA for all cats was 14.9 mL/min (3.7 mL/min/kg). The clearance in hyperthyroid cats averaged 16.4 mL/min (4.3 mL/min/kg) and in normal cats averaged 10.3 mL/min (2.4 mL/min/kg). The optimal time for the SBS was 48 minutes after injection of tracer 51Cr-EDTA (R2= 0.9414), giving the following converting equation: clearance = (0.0066 x DV48 minutes) - 0.9277 (in mL/min). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: In this study, the single sample 51Cr-EDTA clearance method was used to estimate the global GFR in cats. The method identified differences in clearance between normal and hyperthyroid cats. The optimal time for an SBS was 48 minutes.  相似文献   

7.
OBJECTIVE: To compare glomerular filtration rate (GFR) measured via urinary clearance of inulin (UCI) with plasma clearance of technetium Tc 99m pentetate (99mTc-pentetate) and creatinine in dogs. ANIMALS: 6 healthy Beagles and 18 Beagles with reduced renal function. PROCEDURE: 13 blood samples were obtained between 5 and 600 minutes after i.v. bolus injections of (99m)Tc-pentetate and creatinine. Plasma clearance of (99m)Tc-pentetate was computed on the basis of 1, 2, or 13 samples, and plasma clearance of creatinine was computed on the basis of 2, 5, or 13 samples. During plasma clearance procedures, constant i.v. infusion of carboxyl carbon 14 inulin was begun and UCI was determined in urine collected from 90 to 120, 120 to 180, and 180 to 240 minutes. Clearance procedures were repeated in 12 dogs to evaluate reproducibility of results. RESULTS: Significant association between UCI and plasma clearance was determined via all methods. However, plasma clearances were moderately to markedly different from UCI, depending on test substance, GFR, and sample numbers used for plasma clearance computations. Comparisons were particularly discordant when some methods of limiting samples were used to define plasma clearance. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Values derived from plasma clearance methods for (99m)Tc-pentetate and creatinine were not interchangeable with UCI results, which raises questions about their reliability as clinical research tools for measurement of GFR. Plasma clearance methods that are relative indices of renal function should not be interpreted as accurate measures of GFR without validation.  相似文献   

8.
Background: Hyperthyroidism complicates the diagnosis of chronic kidney disease (CKD) as it increases glomerular filtration rate. No practical and reliable means for identifying those cats that will develop azotemia after treatment for hyperthyroidism has been identified. Hyperthyroidism is associated with proteinuria. Proteinuria has been correlated with decreased survival of cats with CKD and with progression of CKD. Hypothesis: Proteinuria and other clinical parameters measured at diagnosis of hyperthyroidism will be associated with the development of azotemia and survival time. Animals: Three hundred client owned hyperthyroid cats treated in first opinion practice. Methods: Retrospective, cohort study relating clinical parameters in hyperthyroid cats at diagnosis to the development of azotemia within 240 days of diagnosis and survival time (all cause mortality). Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors that were predictive of the development of azotemia. Multivariable Cox regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with survival. Results: Three hundred cats were eligible for survival analysis and 216 cats for analysis of factors associated with the development of azotemia. The median survival time was 417 days, and 15.3% (41/268) cats developed azotemia within 240 days of diagnosis of hyperthyroidism. Plasma concentrations of urea and creatinine were positively correlated with the development of azotemia. Plasma globulin concentration was negatively correlated with the development of azotemia. Age, urine protein : creatinine ratio, and the presence of hypertension were significantly correlated with decreased survival time. Urine specific gravity and PCV were significantly correlated with increased survival time. Conclusions and Clinical Importance: The proteinuria associated with hyperthyroidism is not a mediator of progression of CKD; however, it does correlate with all cause mortality.  相似文献   

9.
Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was determined in 53 cats using an inulin single-injection method. Thirty healthy young adult cats were used to establish normal values. The procedure was also used in 23 cats that were either older than 10 years or had borderline serum creatinine levels. The total clearance was calculated from the decay of the serum inulin concentration after injection of 3000 mg/m(2)body surface area using a two-compartment model. Concomitant inulin and iohexol clearance in nine cats showed excellent correlation between the two methods. Calculated normal values for GFR in 30 healthy cats were 35.9-58.5 (median 46.0) ml/min/m(2)or 2.07-3.69 (median 2.72) ml/min/kg. A few cats with normal creatinine or blood urea nitrogen levels were detected as having reduced GFR and therefore being in a state of early renal dysfunction. The study indicates that single-injection inulin clearance is a valuable tool for routine GFR measurement in cats. An "inulin excretion test" using only one blood sample 3h after the administration of 3000 mg/m(2)body surface area could prove an attractive alternative for the assessment of renal function in daily practice.  相似文献   

10.
The objective of this study was to determine if plasma iohexol clearance, computed by a 1-compartment model defined by 3 plasma samples. was an accurate measure of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in dogs. Twenty-two adult Beagle dogs of both genders were studied. Ten dogs had intact kidneys, and 12 dogs had surgically reduced renal mass. A bolus injection of iohexol was made, and blood was obtained for plasma iohexol assay after 120, 180, and 240 minutes. Plasma was analyzed for iohexol concentration by means of 3 assay methods: chemical, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and inductively coupled plasma emission spectroscopy (ICP). Urinary clearance of exogenous creatinine was used to measure GFR for three 30-minute periods occurring between 150 and 240 minutes after iohexol injection. Plasma clearance of iohexol and renal clearance of creatinine were compared by linear regression analysis and by limits of agreement techniques. Plasma iohexol clearance and urinary exogenous creatinine clearance were significantly correlated (chemical R2 = .90; HPLC R2 = .96; and ICP R2 = .96). The 1-compartment iohexol clearance:exogenous creatinine clearance ratios were 1.04 +/- 0.17, 1.05 +/- 0.14, and 1.10 +/- 0.15 for the chemical, HPLC, and ICP methods of assay, respectively, indicating that plasma iohexol clearance slightly overestimated GFR. Assuming a +/- 2 standard deviation interval for error, corrected plasma iohexol clearance measured GFR with +/-34% accuracy for the chemical, +/-26% accuracy for the HPLC, and +/-27% accuracy for the ICP method. These results indicate that plasma iohexol clearance should have utility for detection of renal dysfunction earlier in the course of progressive renal disease than is possible with measurement of plasma creatinine or urea concentrations.  相似文献   

11.
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12.
A suitable method in the routine veterinary practice for the quantitative determination of the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in dogs and cats has not been available until to date. Therefore, we modified the known plasma clearance model (=P-CL). The resulting P-CLterminal was assessed concerning its diagnostic value. P-CL of exogenous creatinine (P-CLcrea) and of inulin were determined in dogs (n=12, Beagle, 6 months of age) and cats (n=11, Domestic Short Hair, 14 months of age). The marker substances were administered as a bolus injection. In fasted dogs, P-CLcrea was 84.3 +/- 14.85 ml/min/m2 after a creatinine dose of 2.4 g/m2. An electrolyte infusion during the clearance determination did not alter the resulting values (p>0.05). In fasted cats, P-CLcrea was 54.7 +/- 5.8 ml/min/m2 (creatinine dose 2.0 g/m2). The inulin clearance, determined at the same time, was 104.5 +/- 19.81 ml/min/m2. Feeding the cats just before and during the test increased P-CL of both markers significantly (p<0.05). In order to adapt the clearance method for diagnostic assessment of GFR in the small animal practice, we aimed at minimizing the number of required blood samples (3 instead of 7 or more) and introduced the modified exogenous creatinine clearance (P-CLterminal). These values determined were 108.4 +/- 20.81 ml/min/m2 in fasted dogs and 66.3 +/- 11.81 ml/min/m2 in fasted cats. An electrolyte infusion (dogs) and feeding (cats) had the same effect on P-CLterminal values as described above for P-CL. In conclusion,the modified exogenous creatinine clearance is a suitable renal function test for the early diagnosis of renal disease in dogs and cats presented in small animal practices.  相似文献   

13.
The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was estimated in eight full-term neonatal foals by the single injection inulin plasma clearance method at two days of age, the continuous infusion plasma and urinary clearance methods at three days of age, and the 12-hour endogenous creatinine clearance method at four days of age. The effective renal plasma flow (ERPF) was estimated simultaneously by the single injection para-aminohippuric acid (PAH) plasma clearance method in the eight two-day old foals and the continuous PAH infusion plasma and urinary clearance method in the eight three-day old foals. The GFR (+/- 1 SEM), as determined from the single injection plasma clearance method, was 2.30 +/- 0.34 mL/kg/min; by continuous infusion plasma clearance 2.56 +/- 0.30 mL/kg/min; by continuous infusion urinary clearance 2.82 +/- 0.32 mL/kg/min; and by 12-hour endogenous creatinine clearance 2.81 +/- 0.55 mL/kg/min. Effective renal plasma flow (+/- 1 SEM) measured by the single injection plasma clearance method was 15.22 +/- 1.5 mL/kg/min, by continuous infusion plasma clearance was 18.21 +/- 2.0 mL/kg/min. and by continuous infusion urinary clearance it was 11.95 +/- 1.9 mL/kg/min. The results of these methods were not statistically different. On a per kilogram body weight basis, the full-term neonatal foal's GFR and ERPF was determined to be comparable with adult equine GFR and ERPF.  相似文献   

14.
Comparison of four methods of estimating glomerular filtration rate in cats   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
Four methods of evaluating renal function were performed in 6 cats anesthetized with halothane in oxygen. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was measured simultaneously in each cat by exogenous creatinine clearance (ECC), bolus inulin clearance, and 99mTc(Sn)-diethylene-triaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) clearance determined by 2 different methods. In the first DTPA clearance method (DTPA-1), we measured radioactivity in serial blood specimens to construct plasma disappearance curves for calculation of GFR. In the second DTPA clearance method (DTPA-2), we used serial external head counts of radioactivity and a single blood specimen to construct plasma disappearance curves for calculation of GFR. Bolus inulin clearance was calculated from plasma disappearance curves using a 1-compartment open pharmacokinetic model (IN-1) and a 2-compartment open pharmacokinetic model (IN-2). Glomerular filtration rates were measured over 3 hours, for creatinine and DTPA methods, and over 4 hours for the inulin methods. The GFR obtained with the reference method (ECC) was 2.56 +/- 0.61 ml/min/kg of body weight (mean +/- SD). Values for GFR determined by ECC and DTPA-1 were significantly correlated (r = 0.852; P less than or equal to 0.05). Correlation between ECC and DTPA 2 was not as good (r = 0.783; P less than or equal to 0.10), but the 2 DTPA methods significantly correlated with one another (r = 0.897; P less than or equal to 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)  相似文献   

15.
Plasma clearance of creatinine was evaluated for assessment of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in dogs. In 6 healthy dogs (Experiment 1), we determined 24-hour urine clearance of endogenous creatinine, plasma, and urine clearances of exogenous creatinine administered at 40, 80, and 160 mg/kg in a crossover design (linearity study), plasma iothalamate clearance, and plasma and urine clearances of 14C-inulin. In Experiment 2, plasma creatinine and iothalamate clearances were compared, and a linearity study was performed as for Experiment 1 in 6 dogs with surgically induced renal impairment. Experiment 3 compared plasma creatinine clearance with plasma iothalamate clearance before and 3 weeks after induction of moderate renal impairment in 6 dogs. Plasma creatinine clearances were calculated by both noncompartmental and compartmental analyses. In Experiment 1, plasma inulin clearance was higher (P < .001) than other clearance values. Plasma creatinine clearances at the 3 dose rates did not differ from urine inulin clearance and each other. In Experiment 2, plasma creatinine clearances were about 14% lower than plasma iothalamate clearance (P < .05). In Experiment 3, decreases in GFR assessed by plasma clearances of iothalamate and creatinine were similar. Renal failure decreased the daily endogenous input rate of creatinine by 25%. Limiting sampling strategies for optimizing GFR calculation were proposed, allowing an error lower than 6.5% with 4 blood samples. These results suggest that determination of plasma creatinine clearance by a noncompartmental approach offers a reliable, inexpensive, rapid, and convenient means of estimating GFR in routine practice.  相似文献   

16.
OBJECTIVES: To determine effects of commonly used diuretic treatments on glomerular filtration rate (GFR), renal blood flow (RBF), and urine output (UO) and compare 2 methods of GFR measurement in healthy awake cats. ANIMALS: 8 healthy cats. PROCEDURE: In a randomized crossover design, cats were randomly allocated to 4 groups: control; IV administration of fluids; IV administration of fluids and mannitol; and IV administration of fluids, dopamine, and furosemide. Inulin and para-aminohippuric acid were used for determination of plasma clearance for GFR and RBF, respectively. Plasma clearance of technetium-Tc-99m-diethylenetriaminepentacetic acid (99mTc-DTPA) was also used for GFR determination. RESULTS: Furosemide-dopamine induced the largest UO, compared with other groups. Both mannitol and fluid therapy increased RBF, compared with the control group. Mannitol, and not fluid therapy, increased RBF, compared with furosemide-dopamine. There were significant differences in GFR values calculated from 99mTc-DTPA and inulin clearances between the 2 groups. In all groups, use of 99mTc-DTPA caused underestimation of GFR, compared with use of inulin. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: In healthy awake cats, administration of furosemide-dopamine did not increase GFR or RBF despite increased UO. Fluid therapy and fluid therapy plus mannitol improved RBF. Determination of GFR by use of 99mTc-DTPA cannot always be substituted for inulin clearance when accurate measurement is required.  相似文献   

17.
We examined the correlation between the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) estimated from an equation based on the serum iodixanol clearance technique and International Renal Interest Society (IRIS) stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in cats. The equation included the injection dose, sampling time, serum concentration and estimated volume of distribution (Vd) of the isotonic, nonionic, contrast medium iodixanol as a test tracer. The percent changes in the median basal GFR values calculated from the equation in CKD cats resembled those of IRIS stages 1–3. These data validate the association between the GFR derived from the simplified equation and IRIS stages based on the serum creatinine concentration in cats with CKD. They describe the GFR ranges determined using single-sample iodixanol clearance for healthy cats and cats with various IRIS stages of CKD.  相似文献   

18.
Feline hyperthyroidism can be treated by thyroidectomy, antithyroid drugs, or radioactive iodine-131 (131I). The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the treatment of 83 hyperthyroid cats with 131I The dosage of 131I ranged from 4 to 6 milliCurie (mCi). Blood samples for determination of plasma concentrations of total thyroxine (TT4), urea, and creatinine were collected before, ten days after, and several months after treatment. In addition, arterial blood pressure was measured before and ten days after treatment. The median plasma TT4 concentration ten days after 131I treatment (27 nmol/L, 64 cats) was significantly lower than that before treatment (123 nmol/L). The median plasma TT4 concentration several months after 131I treatment was 22,5 nmol/L (40 cats). Ten days and several months after 131I treatment, plasma TT4 concentration had decreased below the upper limit of the reference range in 64 (77%) and 72 cats (87%), respectively. In four cats the plasma TT4 concentration had decreased below the lower limit of the reference range, but only two cats had symptoms of hypothyroidism. Plasma urea and creatinine concentrations were not increased ten days after 131I treatment, but the median plasma creatinine concentration was significantly higher several months after treatment when compared with before 131I treatment. Before treatment in 28 cats a high arterial blood pressure (> 180 mmHg) was measured, whereas after treatment in 25 cats a high arterial blood pressure was measured. The results of this study indicate that 131I treatment is an effective therapy in most cats with hyperthyroidism.  相似文献   

19.
The objectives of this study were to compare assay methods for plasma creatinine (Pl-creat) in cats and to describe the disposition of creatinine and iohexol in 12 healthy and moderately azotaemic cats. Exogenous creatinine and iohexol were injected simultaneously by intravenous bolus, and repeated blood samples were taken to determine the pharmacokinetic parameters of each marker. Pl-creat was assayed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), Jaffé and enzymatic methods. The enzymatic method was shown to be more reliable than the Jaffé method. Two stereoisomers, exo- and endo-iohexol were identified. The plasma clearance of creatinine (2.3+/-0.66 ml/min/kg) was significantly higher (P<0.001) than that of exo-iohexol (1.7+/-0.40 ml/min/kg). The volume of distribution (447+/-97 ml/kg) and elimination half-life (181+/-77 min) of creatinine were also higher (P<0.001) than those of exo- and endo-iohexol. The estimated daily endogenous production of creatinine was 65+/-23 mg/kg. None of the pharmacokinetic parameters was changed by the azotaemic status of the animals.  相似文献   

20.
Background: Hypothyroidism affects renal function in a manner opposite the effects of hyperthyroidism.
Objective: To evaluate the effects of experimentally induced hypothyroidism on glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and basal plasma creatinine concentration in dogs.
Animals: Sixteen anestrous, female dogs.
Methods: Hypothyroidism was induced by administration of 131I in 8 dogs, and 8 healthy euthyroid dogs acted as controls. Exogenous plasma creatinine clearance (an estimate of GFR) was measured in all dogs before (control period) and 43–50 weeks after induction of hypothyroidism (posttreatment period). Other pharmacokinetic parameters of creatinine were also determined.
Results: No significant difference was observed for basal plasma creatinine concentration and creatinine clearance between control and hypothyroid dogs in the control period. In the posttreatment period, mean ± SD creatinine clearance in the hypothyroid group (2.13 ± 0.48 mL/min/kg) was lower ( P < .001) than that of the control group (3.20 ± 0.42 mL/kg/min). Nevertheless, basal plasma creatinine concentrations were not significantly different between the hypothyroid and control groups (0.74 ± 0.18 versus 0.70 ± 0.08 mg/dL, respectively) because endogenous production of creatinine was decreased in hypothyroid dogs (22 ± 3 versus 32 ± 5 mg/kg/d, P =.001).
Conclusion and Clinical Importance: Hypothyroidism causes a substantial decrease in GFR without altering plasma creatinine concentrations, indicating that GFR evaluation is needed to identify renal dysfunction in such patients.  相似文献   

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