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1.
研究油茶幼龄期施肥及不同配比施肥对油茶营养生长的影响,结果表明:施肥能够促进幼龄油茶地径、冠幅和春梢数量的生长。施用N、P肥对促进地径、冠幅乘积、春梢数量效果比施用K肥的效果好。 相似文献
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丽水山地油茶幼林施肥技术研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了保障油茶Camellia oleifera高产,稳产,提高肥料利用率,分别于2015年和2016年在丽水市缙云县栗坑村鹿坪农场‘长林40号’油茶良种林进行了为期两年的田间试验,比较了3种不同施肥方式(生物有机肥2.5kg·株-1,三元素复合肥0.5kg·株-1,不施肥作为对照)和采用不同时期肥料用量配比试验,对油茶春梢量、落果数和成熟果数的影响。结果表明,在增加施肥的情况下,春梢的抽发量、结果数、总采果数、优质果的数量都明显高于对照组。春梢抽发量二次施肥最好;落果数与施肥次数呈反比;6月施用保果肥对果实的增大有明显效果,同时减少了落果,提高了产量;油茶籽产量三次施肥处理最优;各处理间油茶籽产量呈极显著差异,差异为:三次施肥>二次施肥>一次施肥>对照。三次施肥是本研究区域最佳的施肥模式,这对于实现油茶的高产稳产,肥料的节约利用具有重要意义。 相似文献
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于2020—2021年,在福建省顺昌埔上国有林场连续2 a开展毛红椿和杉木混交幼林施肥试验,探讨不同肥料类型及施肥量等对毛红椿和杉木混交幼林生长量的影响。结果表明：施肥处理的林分地径、树高、当年抽高,1年生时分别比对照增加26.18%、7.25%、62.5%,2年生时分别比对照增加12.83%、19.62%、28.09%。同一施肥类型不同施肥量对毛红椿和杉木混交幼林生长表现的影响,总体上随着施肥用量的增加,混交幼林的地径、树高、当年抽高均呈现增加趋势。施用不同肥料类型对毛红椿和杉木混交幼林生长影响排序为混合肥>复合肥>有机肥。方差分析表明,1年生时,地径在不同重复间和不同处理间的差异均达极显著水平,在重复和处理互作效应的差异达显著水平;树高在不同重复间的差异达极显著水平,而在不同处理间的差异不显著;当年抽高在重复间和处理间的差异均达极显著水平。2年生时,地径和当年抽高在不同处理间的差异均达显著水平;树高在不同处理间的差异均达极显著水平,而在不同重复间的差异均不显著。经过2 a的施肥试验表明,毛红椿和杉木混交幼林施肥方案以混合肥且施肥量150 g·株-1... 相似文献
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对元谋干热河谷印楝人工林经3 a施肥试验表明,配方施肥对印楝林分的生长和结实产量均产生显著影响:(1)施肥当年对林分生长未显明显肥效,施肥效应主要表现在施肥后第1年,到施肥后第2年肥效总体呈下降趋势;各生长性状对施肥配方反应的敏感性排序为:冠幅＞株高＞地径＞胸径;以株高和冠幅生长为评价依据,第14处理(300 g氨肥+300 g磷肥+200 g钾肥)为最优施肥组合方案.(2)不同施肥配方处理间以及不同年份之间,印楝的结实产量均存在显著差异;有机肥与P、K肥的组合配方对印楝结实量产生明显增益,其中第1处理(8 kg有机肥+200 g磷肥+200 g钾肥)为增加印楝结实产量的最佳施肥方案;各年份施肥处理间结实产量的排序为:施肥后第1年＞施肥后第2年＞施肥当年.此外,施肥前的林分本底值对林木生长产生极显著影响,在一定程度上干扰了施肥效应. 相似文献
5.
为了给幼龄油茶的施肥提供依据,采用随机区组设计,设置果满多、上海大颂生物菌肥、希星油茶专用肥、江西绿园油茶有机专用肥、复合肥共5个施肥处理和不施肥对照,对江西奉新县幼龄油茶进行了施肥试验。调查株高、地径、冠幅、梢长、梢直径和叶绿度等指标,并分析了它们之间的关系。结果表明,施加不同类型的肥料与油茶株高、地径、冠幅、梢长、梢直径及叶绿度均呈现一定的相关性,施肥对于油茶的株高、春梢长、春梢直径及叶绿度均存在显著的影响,而油茶冠幅和地径与施肥无显著关系;在对油茶株高、地径、冠幅和春梢长度的促进作用上,以上海大颂生物菌肥为最好;在对油茶春梢直径和叶绿度的影响上,以果满多效果为最好。所以在生产上为促进油茶生长,推荐应用上海大颂生物菌肥或果满多。 相似文献
6.
油茶栽培肥力配比的试验研究 总被引：24，自引：3，他引：21
N、P、K三要素的不同配比施肥试验表明,不同配比的肥效显著不同,油茶产量差异很大。本试验以N、P、K的配比为1：2：2（单株施肥是0．75kg）的产量最高,效果最好．不同配比对油茶春梢生长、花芽及叶片数的增长均不一样,与产量的变化也不一致。对果的经济性状影响不大。最佳配比的增产效益高达11倍。 相似文献
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《中南林业科技大学学报(自然科学版)》2017,(6)
为了科学管理油茶林地施肥,通过设置6个施肥模式,探究不同施肥模式对油茶春梢生长、叶片生长、春梢叶片养分累积、以及叶片酶活性产生的影响。结果表明:不同施肥模式对油茶春梢长度、直径、数量、生物量、叶片叶绿度值、春梢叶片数、春梢叶片养分含量和叶片酶活性均产生了显著影响,春梢长度、直径、数量、生物量与春梢叶片全氮、全磷及全钾养分含量间存在极显著正相关,其他指标间均存在极显著正相关,表明不同施肥模式与油茶春梢生长关系密切。不同施肥模式对油茶春梢生长、叶片生长的效果依次是M_0M_2M_3M_1M_5M_4,模式4最能促进油茶春梢生长及春梢叶片生长;对油茶春梢梢数和叶片酶活性的效果依次是M_0M_1M_2M_3M_4M_5,模式5能显著促进油茶春梢梢数增加及叶片酶活性的提高;对于油茶春梢叶片养分的效果依次是M_0M_1M_3M_2M_4M_5,模式5对油茶春梢叶片养分的累积起着显著的作用;故在油茶林生产上推荐采用施肥模式M_5。 相似文献
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采用单因素设计进行基质施肥对高阿丁枫苗木生长的影响试验。结果表明:①施肥极显著地影响苗木密度、地径、苗高和侧枝萌发;②苗木密度随施肥量的增加呈递减趋势;③施肥量为0.0～3.0 kg/m2时,地径随施肥量的增加而增大,施肥量>3.0 kg/m2时,各处理间的地径无显著性差异;④0.0～7.0 kg/m2施肥范围内苗高随着施肥量的增大而增长,施肥量大于8.0 kg/m2时抑制苗高生长;⑤施肥量0.0～7.0 kg/m2时,侧枝数与施肥量正相关,施肥量>7.0 kg/m2时,侧枝发育受到抑制;⑥除密度与侧枝数间未达到显著相关外,其余指标两两间相关极显著,其中密度与苗高、地径呈负相关,而地径、苗高与侧枝数之间呈正相关。 相似文献
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Stanislav Vacek Iva Ulbrichová Jiří Remeš Vilém Podrázský Marek Vach 《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2019,34(4):267-281
We studied the effects of magnesium (Mg) NPK fertilizer applied in 2000 to maturing Norway spruce (Picea abies /L./ Karst.) stands with yellowing symptoms and situated on poor acidified soils in the ?umava mountains (the Czech Republic). Long-term defoliation, nutrient content in the foliage and diameter increment were evaluated in three specific variants: yellowing trees, trees without yellowing symptoms and fertilized trees. The results indicate differences in soil characteristics, nutrient content and radial growth with response to climate. Fertilization increased Mg content and base saturation in the soil and decreased the amount of exchangeable aluminum and hydrolytic acidity. Differences were significant especially in magnesium, calcium and phosphorus contents in the foliage of yellowing trees. There was also a significant difference in manganese content; yellowing trees showed deficiency in comparison with both fertilized and unfertilized healthy trees. Two years after the initial fertilization (to present), defoliation and yellowing symptoms in the unfertilized yellowing trees were more pronounced compared to other variants. These symptoms were more influenced by fertilization than foliation. The duration of significant positive effects of fertilization on diameter increment lasted for a shorter time than the effect on foliage. Simultaneously, higher sensitivity to climatic factors was observed in the fertilized trees. 相似文献
12.
Seasonal changes in concentrations of total nitrogen, free amino acids, chlorophyll, starch and sugar were measured in foliage from fertilized and unfertilized conifer forests in New Mexico and Oregon. In the New Mexico Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var glauca (Beissn.) Franco) forest, fertilization resulted in elevated foliar nitrogen concentrations on all dates, from an average of 9 mg g(-1) in unfertilized trees to 14 mg g(-1) in fertilized trees. In the Oregon western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.) forest, fertilization increased total N by only 15%, from 13 mg g(-1) in unfertilized trees to 15 mg g(-1) in fertilized trees. Foliar nitrogen concentrations on a weight basis were lowest in winter and spring, but did not vary seasonally when expressed on a leaf area basis. Chlorophyll concentrations increased with fertilization and had greater seasonal variation than did total nitrogen concentrations. Chlorophyll concentrations were significantly higher during the growing season than in the winter and spring months. Fertilization did not result in major changes in the proportion of total nitrogen in chlorophyll at either the Oregon or the New Mexico site. Concentrations of free amino acids varied with date and fertilization treatment; in New Mexico, amino acids were highest in the winter sample, whereas in Oregon, they were lowest in winter and spring. At both sites, amino acid concentrations were significantly higher in fertilized trees than in control trees on most dates and the ratios of amino acid-N to total N were also significantly higher in fertilized trees. For both sites, starch concentrations were nearly zero for most of the year, but increased sharply just before bud break and initiation of new growth in the spring. Although fertilization resulted in increased nitrogen concentrations in foliage at both sites, the response in New Mexico was much greater than in Oregon. These results are in agreement with forest productivity data that suggest that growth in the New Mexico site is limited by nitrogen, whereas in the Oregon site it is not. 相似文献
13.
Seasonal changes in above ground dry-matter, nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) accumulation were measured following application of N and P in autumn or spring to 1-year-old Pinus radiata (D. Don). Dry-matter production and nutrient accumulation were measured eight times over two years following fertilization.
All trees produced dry-matter throughout the year, but during the summer, fertilized trees produced more dry-matter than unfertilized trees. In contrast to dry-matter production, nutrient accumulation showed a distinctly seasonal pattern with maximum accumulation of N and P occurring in winter and spring, when rainfall and soil moisture were highest. Accumulation of N and P either slowed markedly or ceased during summer depending on fertilizer treatment. Continued dry-matter production during summer, when nutrient accumulation was low, resulted in the decline of N and P concentrations in needles, branches and stems of all trees. This indicated that nutrients required for new growth during summer were mobilized from existing foliage and wood. Fertilization increased the concentrations of N and P in foliage and wood, and these higher concentrations persisted through summer. Spring fertilization increased N accumulation to a greater extent than autumn fertilization, this effect lasting two years. The greater dry-matter production by fertilized trees during summer indicated that growth during summer was limited by nutrient supply. 相似文献
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Seasonal changes in amino acids, protein and total nitrogen in needles of 30-year-old, fertilized Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) trees growing in Northern Sweden were investigated over two years in field experiments. The studied plots had been fertilized annually for 17 years with (i) a high level of N, (ii) a medium level of N, or (iii) a medium level of N, P and K. Trees growing on unfertilized plots served as controls. In control trees, glutamine, glutamic acid, gamma-aminobutyric acid, aspartic acid and proline represented 50-70% of the total free amino acids determined. Arginine was present only in low concentrations in control trees throughout the year, but it was usually the most abundant amino acid in fertilized trees. Glutamine concentrations were high during the spring and summer in both years of study, whereas proline concentrations were high in the spring but otherwise low throughout the year. In the first year of study, glutamic acid concentrations were high during the spring and summer, whereas gamma-aminobutyric acid was present in high concentrations during the winter months. This pattern was less pronounced in the second year of investigation. The concentrations of most amino acids, except glutamic acid, increased in response to fertilization. Nitrogen fertilization increased the foliar concentration of arginine from < 1 micromol g(dw) (-1) in control trees to a maximum of 110 micromol g(dw) (-1). Trees fertilized with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium had significantly lower arginine concentrations than trees fertilized with the same amount of nitrogen only. Protein concentrations were similar in all fertilized trees but higher than those in control trees. For all treatments, protein concentrations were high in winter and at a minimum in early spring. In summer, the protein concentration remained almost constant except for a temporary decrease which coincided with the expansion of new shoots. Apart from arginine, the amino acid composition of proteins was similar in all treatments. 相似文献
15.
We compared the range and variation in shoot silhouette area to projected leaf area ratio (SPAR) in fertilized and unfertilized (control) Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) trees. We measured SPAR for several view directions of 169 shoots at different depths in the crown of fertilized and control trees. There was an increase in SPAR with depth in the crown in both control and fertilized trees. In the fertilized trees, however, mean SPAR was larger overall, the increase with depth in the crown was steeper, and there was a larger variation in SPAR with inclination and rotation angle of the shoot (relative to the view direction). In particular, shoots in the lower crown of fertilized trees were rotationally asymmetrical ("flat") and had high values of the maximum ratio of shoot silhouette area to projected leaf area (SPAR(max)). Differences in SPAR between fertilized and control trees were explained by changes in shoot structure in response to fertilization and shading. Shoots of fertilized trees were larger and had more needle area than shoots of control trees. However, the ratio of needle area to shoot size was smaller in fertilized trees than in control trees, implying less within-shoot shading and, consequently, a larger SPAR. Also, the increase in SPAR with increased shading (depth in the crown) could be explained by a decrease in the ratio of needle area to shoot size. In addition, because fertilized trees had more needle area than control trees, the effect of shading at a given depth in the crown was more pronounced in fertilized trees than in control trees. 相似文献
16.
《Forest Ecology and Management》1997,97(1):73-83
Physiological parameters were measured under natural light conditions and needle orientation from towers and walkways erected in the canopy of a loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantation. Four silvicultural treatments were randomly assigned to the twelve plots in the fall of 1988. Plots were thinned to a density of 731 trees per hectare or left unthinned, at a density of 2990 trees per hectare. The plots were left unfertilized or fertilized with 744 kg/ha of diammonium triple superphosphate was applied. During the fifth growing season (1993) following thinning and fertilization, needle level physiology was not different with respect to the thinning treatment for fertilized or unfertilized plots. In contrast, upper crown levels within the fertilized and unfertilized plots had significantly higher light levels and photosynthetic rates than lower crown foliage. Light levels were greater in the thinned, fertilized plots than in the unthinned, fertilized plots. In contrast, no effect of thinning on canopy light levels was found in the unfertilized plots. Within crown variation in photosynthesis was strongly dependent on canopy light levels. A strong interaction of canopy level with thinning was apparent for net photosynthesis. Loblolly pine, being a shade intolerant species, showed only small physiological differences between needles from different parts of the crown. Because of the variability found in this study, more extensive sampling is needed to correctly describe the physiology of a forest canopy with adequate precision. 相似文献
17.
不同氮素施肥方法对尾巨桉苗期生长和光合生理特性的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用3种不同的氮素施肥处理(平均施肥、直线施肥和指数施肥)对尾巨桉苗木进行施肥处理,结果显示：指数施肥获得的苗木苗高和地径均大于其他施肥处理;指数施肥下尾巨桉苗木的叶、茎、根和地上部分干质量和整株生物量均显著大于其他施肥处理,指数施肥获得了更多的苗木生物量;3种施肥处理下,指数施肥的苗木净光合速率 Pn、气孔导读 Gs 和蒸腾速率 Tr 均为最大值,且显著大于其他处理。因此,3种施肥方法中,指数施肥方法最利于尾巨桉苗木的生长和光合作用。 相似文献
18.
2019年3月,在浙江省温岭市采用1年生和2年生红豆树Ormosia hosiei实生苗造林,幼苗分别为地径2 cm带土球及营养钵苗、地径4 cm带土球截顶苗和全冠苗,于2019年10月测定苗木的高度、地径,分析不同试验处理(苗木规格、苗木类型、截干方式、施肥处理)对红豆树当年生幼树生长的影响。结果表明,在相同施肥措施下,地径2 cm幼苗适宜带土球种植,地径4 cm带土球幼苗进行截顶造林更利于植株的生长发育;不同施肥处理间也有较大差异,除地径2 cm营养钵幼苗施用菌根肥和混合施用菌根肥加30 g·株-1复合肥表现出较明显受抑制生长外,其余各施肥处理对红豆树苗的生长均有不同程度的促进作用,其中以地径2 cm营养钵苗和地径2 cm带土球苗施用30 g·株-1复合肥、地径4 cm带土球截顶苗施用50 g·株-1复合肥生长效果明显高于其他施肥处理。选择高生长量、地径生长量、高径比和造林成本4项指标,采用模糊隶属函数法对红豆树苗不同处理条件下的综合效益进行综合评价,结果表明,红豆树幼苗采用地径2 cm带土球苗并施以30 g·株-1复合肥的造林综合效益最高。 相似文献
19.
The relationship of understorey herbage yield with light intensity and soil moisture content was investigated in a 20-year-old Pinus pinaster plantation in Kilkis of Macedonia, northern Greece, in three seasons (fall, winter and spring). The plantation was thinned at three density levels, high, medium and low (2500, 1750 and 1000 trees/ha respectively) and it was seeded with Dactylis glomerata. In addition, two fertilization levels (0 and 110 N+150 P2O5 kg/ha) and grazing intensity levels (0 and 0.8 sheep/ha/yr) were applied in a split-split plot experimental design. It was found that herbage yield was highest in the ungrazed and fertilized low tree density stands in all seasons. In the medium tree density stand, although light was lacking, fertilized plots produced higher herbage yield as compared to unfertilized low tree density stands while fertilization is of no use in close stands if herbage production is the goal. Animals seemed to prefer fertilized and medium density stands. Third degree polynomial equations were the best to explain herbage variation through the seasons both in fertilized and unfertilized plots. 相似文献
20.
Devin W. Goodsman Victor J. Lieffers Simon M. Landhäusser Nadir Erbilgin 《Forest Ecology and Management》2010
Tree growth variables and more complex derived variables such as vigor index have all been linked to the ability of lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta var latifolia) trees to defend against insect herbivores, particularly mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins, Coleoptera: Curculionidae). These variables are considered indirect measures of carbohydrate reserves. Trees with high vigor index values have high growth rates and are assumed to have high carbohydrate reserves. However, this critical assumption was untested for lodgepole pine. In this paper we evaluated the relationship between carbohydrate concentration and tree characteristics. We measured concentrations of root starch in 10 pure lodgepole pine stands of different ages in the Canadian Rockies which had been fertilized, thinned, fertilized and thinned or left untreated in a 2 × 2 factorial design. Both fertilization and thinning increased basal area increment while only fertilization increased lateral branch growth in the crown. Contrary to expectations, fertilization decreased root starch reserves although it increased basal area increment; thinning had no effect on root carbohydrates. Root starch reserves were positively related to basal area increment and vigor index in both fertilized and unfertilized plots, however, the best predictors of starch reserves were height-to-live-crown and cambial surface area below the live crown; starch reserves declined as both of these variables increased. These data suggest that large carbon sinks associated with long boles below the crown, and rapid growth of the crown and stem as a result of fertilization are detrimental to building starch reserves in the roots. 相似文献