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1.
Biosecurity and minimal disease herds. 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
C Moore 《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice》1992,8(3):461-474
The minimal disease concept is a way of raising pigs so that some specific diseases are absent. Many bacteria and viruses can be transferred by pigs, air, or mechanical contact. To avoid contamination, the herd location should take into consideration disease transmission possibilities. Herd health status and source herd health status should be continuously monitored. To maintain herd health status, specific rules need to be followed for herd construction and establishment, compound perimeter, people movement, down time, animal transportation, feed use and delivery, vehicle movement, material, dead animal disposition, and rodent control. All new incoming animals should go through quarantine, and in some herds, safer methods such as AI, embryo transfer, MEW, or hysterectomy and fostering need to be used. 相似文献
2.
Observations on a swine herd health program are reported. A primary purpose was to show that such programs could provide economic benefits to swine breeders and sources for breeding stock of minimum disease status. The possible influence of diseases of swine, including atrophic rhinitis and virus pneumonia, on both aspects are discussed. The inadequacy of knowledge of diseases of swine, both specifically and generally, is pointed out. Veterinary supervision of a swine herd will result in economic benefits to an average capable owner. There is both merit and need for such programs, but as to what health standards would be reasonable, practical, and meaningful, is still not clearly defined. 相似文献
3.
Schukken YH Wilson DJ Welcome F Garrison-Tikofsky L Gonzalez RN 《Veterinary research》2003,34(5):579-596
In this article the use of somatic cell counts for monitoring udder health and milk quality is discussed. Somatic cell count dynamics at quarter, cow, herd and population level are discussed and illustrated with examples. Quarter and cow somatic cell counts directly represent the inflammatory status of the mammary gland. Herd and population somatic cell count are related to the inflammatory process in individual cows but much more reflect the udder health status of the herd and the quality of the raw milk in the herd and the population. Application of monitoring tools in herd health management are illustrated using a case study. Understanding infection dynamics requires precise longitudinal data. Monitoring tools are required to find the areas of risk in the herd. It is inevitable that more complete udder health programs and monitoring systems are to be developed and implemented. These programs are necessarily dynamic and complex. Implementation of complete udder health programs should be accompanied by research efforts to further fine-tune these complete udder health control and monitoring programs. 相似文献
4.
Perceived Usefulness of the Collection of Subclinical and other Disease Entities Detected at Slaughter 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0 
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下载免费PDF全文 Shadbolt PV Mitchell WR Blackburn DJ Meek AH Friendship RM 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》1987,28(7):439-445
Based on a survey of 1820 Ontario pork producers and 16 veterinary members of the Ontario Swine Practitioners Association, condemnation/demerit data, while viewed as potentially valuable, are seldom, if ever, utilized in the provision of herd health programs. We found, however, that: 1) 89.4 percent (SD 1.04 percent) of producers and all veterinarians would use the disease information made available by a computerized system that would collect and report on subclinical and other disease entities detected during the slaughter of hogs; 2) Iesion diagnosis should be as detailed as possible and report on severity of disease; and 3) with the exception of those producers who ship larger numbers of hogs to market for which reports were wanted for each kill, monthly reports would be adequate.
Written comments by producers expressed concerns about confidentiality of individual herd data, costs for the information/service, and veterinary expertise in the interpretation of findings.
相似文献5.
James B. Kliebenstein Carrol L. Kirtley Lloyd A. Selby 《Preventive veterinary medicine》1983,1(4):357-369
Swine producers in the Missouri Mail-In-Record program provided information on herd health problems, death losses and health maintenance expenditures in their swine herd for the years 1978 and 1979. Swine health problems and death losses dampen profits for swine producers. During the study period approximately one-third of all pigs raised by Missouri Mail-In-Record swine panel producers were affected by health problems. It is important for swine producers to keep health problems under control. Important health problems for swine producers were scours, pneumonia, salmonellosis, TGE, and influenza. Important death causal factors were crushing or trauma, scours, lack of milk, and pneumonia. Health problems and death losses were most severe during the first quarter of the year. The major swine health expenditure was for services which were farmer administered. On a relative basis smaller producers depended more on veterinarians for seervices than did larger producers. Also, producers that had more than one type of production technology (pasture, confinement, etc.) tended to have larger animal health expenditure levels. 相似文献
6.
D Grossklaus 《Berliner und Münchener tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》2001,114(11-12):420-427
The eradication of bovine tuberculosis and brucellosis of domestic stock in Germany through the combined efforts of veterinary medicine, the agricultural section and the state was an historic achievement. Since the two diseases are zoonoses, their successful control can also be seen as a valuable contribution to public health. Both these zoonoses are classic animal diseases presenting themselves as clinical entities complete with gross pathological lesions. In contrast, today we are confronted with pathogens causing zoonoses characterised by latent, i.e. clinically inapparent herd infections that do not result in visible tissue changes. Nevertheless, through contaminated foodstuffs, these pathogens contribute to food-borne infections leading to the outbreak of genuine zoonoses in humans. It has been estimated that there could be as many as two million cases of food-borne infections annually in Germany. Among them are salmonellosis, campylobacteriosis, yersiniosis, infections with verotoxin producing E. coli, listeriosis and toxoplasmosis. While the national animal disease legislation only foresees the control of notifiable diseases, the basis for zoonoses control is laid down in the EU Zoonosis-Directive, which is presently awaiting its transposition into national law and into practice. In order, for instance, to combat the most important Salmonella infections of humans, Integrated Quality Systems (IQS) have been formulated as a means of implementing the proven HACCP concept in animal production units and ensuring animal health from the point of view of consumer protection. The aim of all measures must be to free infected herds of pathogens, to investigate and eliminate all sources with a potential for further pathogen introductions, to maintain pathogen-free herds--with a reduced pathogen challenge in mid-term time periods--, as well as to develop diagnostics capable of identifying pathogen carriers before slaughter. For the disinfection of stock, it is important to have epidemiological data collecting systems and information systems that allow complete diagnostic tracing from herd to slaughterhouse and vice versa. All sides, including research and surveillance, as well as producers are called upon to actively share in protecting the health of consumers as far as it is threatened by latent infections in domestic stock. 相似文献
7.
This review article addresses some major developments in herd health programmes for dairy farms over the last decades. It focuses particularly on herd health and production management programmes that use protocols and monitoring activities. The article further emphasizes the need for merging herd health programmes with quantitative epidemiological principles and methods. Subsequently, this article points to the latest developments regarding quality assurance in the dairy sector and some quality management methods. Quality should be regarded in its broadest sense. The importance of integrating veterinary herd health programmes and quality (risk) management support at a dairy farm level is stressed. Examples are provided. 相似文献
8.
P Long 《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice》1989,5(1):227-232
Herd health programs for llama owners offer veterinarians the opportunity to provide preventive care to an expanding market. Some aspects of llama herd health programs are unique but should be based on herd health principles used for other livestock species. Vaccinations, parasite control, nutritional consultation and reproductive examinations, coupled with feet and teeth care, are some areas to cover in herd health programs. Each herd will have slightly different requirements and the program should be tailored to the goals of the producer. 相似文献
9.
B J Masters M Hamilton P G Masters 《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice》1992,8(2):177-188
Swine may be examined to evaluate a disease state or a lowered economic performance or as a herd health consultation. As much of the examination as possible should be performed without handling the animal. A thorough history, evaluation of herd records, environmental examination, and herd examination should be performed prior to the evaluation of an individual animal. All necessary equipment should be available when starting the individual examination. The animals is then restrained and examined, and necessary samples are taken. Post-mortem examinations or slaughter house evaluations are a very frequent part of a health examination on swine. All samples taken should be in accordance with the standards of the laboratory that you use. You should work closely with the laboratory to obtain the best results. Physical examination of swine can be rewarding for the veterinarian as well as the producer. The most important aspect to remember is to have enough information and the proper equipment available to handle the animals for the minimal amount of time to gain the maximum benefits. Vietnamese pot-bellied pigs are similar to domestic swine in terms of their diseases and health but are dissimilar in management; pot-bellied pigs are frequently brought to the veterinarian for individual examinations. History is the most valuable part of the examination, followed by observation. Pot-bellied pigs prefer to be held securely with a hand under the chin and rump. The examination is conducted similarly to the examination of any companion animal. Chemical restraint often is necessary for sampling or minor surgical procedures. Owners should be consulted prior to the use of any restraint. This will help win their approval and confidence when working on their pets. While performing the physical examination, look at the pig's overall health as well as specific breed characteristics. Try to stay abreast of swine vaccination recommendations; you may be consulted in this regard. Most importantly, never forget even though they are pigs, pot-bellied pigs are companion animals and should be handled as such. 相似文献
10.
ABSTRACT: During abattoir meat inspection pig carcasses are partially or fully condemned upon detection of disease that poses a risk to public health or welfare conditions that cause animal suffering e.g. fractures. This incurs direct financial losses to producers and processors. Other health and welfare-related conditions may not result in condemnation but can necessitate 'trimming' of the carcass e.g. bruising, and result in financial losses to the processor. Since animal health is a component of animal welfare these represent a clear link between suboptimal pig welfare and financial losses to the pig industry.Meat inspection data can be used to inform herd health programmes, thereby reducing the risk of injury and disease and improving production efficiency. Furthermore, meat inspection has the potential to contribute to surveillance of animal welfare. Such data could contribute to reduced losses to producers and processors through lower rates of carcass condemnations, trimming and downgrading in conjunction with higher pig welfare standards on farm. Currently meat inspection data are under-utilised in the EU, even as a means of informing herd health programmes. This includes the island of Ireland but particularly the Republic.This review describes the current situation with regard to meat inspection regulation, method, data capture and utilisation across the EU, with special reference to the island of Ireland. It also describes the financial losses arising from poor animal welfare (and health) on farms. This review seeks to contribute to efforts to evaluate the role of meat inspection as a surveillance tool for animal welfare on-farm, using pigs as a case example. 相似文献
11.
A survey of veterinarian and producer perceptions of herd health services in the Saskatoon milkshed. 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 R Giger T D Carruthers C S Ribble H G Townsend 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》1994,35(6):359-6
A cross-sectional survey was conducted to determine the availability, rates of adoption, and producer perceptions of veterinary services in five areas of dairy production medicine: reproduction, milk quality, nutritional consulting, infectious disease control, and heifer rearing. Questionnaires were completed by all veterinary clinics and 86% of the dairy producers in the Saskatoon milkshed. Veterinary perceptions of services offered were compared with farmer perceptions of services received. The veterinary clinics appeared to overestimate their services in the areas of nutritional consulting and heifer rearing. The primary determinant of a producer's perception of being on a herd health program was the occurrence of regularly scheduled reproduction visits. Producers who perceived themselves as being on a herd health program also believed that they received more services in the other four main areas of production medicine. Grouping of producers, based on whether or not herd records were analyzed by their veterinarian, showed a clustering of adopters of more comprehensive herd health services as clients of two practices. This suggests that comprehensive herd health services are not readily available from all veterinary clinics in the Saskatoon milkshed. 相似文献
12.
H J Bendixen 《DTW. Deutsche tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》1990,97(11):495-498
In relation to the plans for introducing the free inner market in the Member States of the EEC the principles for the future veterinary control of domestic animals and animal products are described. The traditional frontier control will be replaced by official primary control at the place of production (herd of origin, slaughter house, dairy etc.). The technical conditions are described: Effective disease surveillance and notification, eradication and control schemes for contagious diseases, control of animals in relation to trade. Decentralized veterinary control stations have the best possibility to carry out these functions. They should be staffed and equipped with special regard to the structure of the animal population and the production systems in the area concerned. The EEC-Commission has the task to coordinate and standardize this work with the national veterinary services. It is essential that this work functions identically everywhere in the Community. The herd owner should introduce common measures for protecting his animals against infectious diseases. This could be done by veterinary advisers within the frame of voluntary animal health schemes. 相似文献
13.
14.
Epidemiology of Haemophilus pleuropneumoniae infection in pigs: a survey of Ontario Pork Producers, 1981. 总被引：14，自引：7，他引：7 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Information about factors associated with the spread and the effect of pleuropneumonia was obtained from 418 pork producers in Ontario, who returned a mailed questionnaire. The overall herd prevalence of pleuropneumonia was 23.2%. The prevalence among herds with feeder pigs only was 34.3% and 16% among sow herds. The chance of pleuropneumonia breaking out in a herd was increased with increased traffic of pigs into the herd. The source of supplementary stock had an important effect on the chance of pleuropneumonia occurring. The highest risk resulted from introducing stock from salesbarns and the lowest from stock of health status known to the purchaser and supplied by one breeder only. Mortality, primarily among feeder pigs, and unthriftiness were the major effects of Haemophilus pleuropneumoniae infection. Stress, such as crowding or inclement climatic conditions, was associated with outbreaks of pleuropneumonia. This would suggest that the infection with H. pleuropneumoniae can be subclinical until stress precipitates the disease. 相似文献
15.
Racloz V Griot C Stärk KD 《Animal health research reviews / Conference of Research Workers in Animal Diseases》2006,7(1-2):71-79
In the past few decades, vector-borne diseases have been spreading into countries previously free of these agents. It is necessary for a surveillance method to be tailored to the biology of these agents in order to detect their incursion. Using a sentinel herd system, it is possible to target high-risk areas where occurrence is most probably due to vector presence. Since the 1970s, diseases such as Akabane, vesicular stomatitis and Bluetongue disease have successfully been monitored using cattle herds as sentinels in many countries such as Saudi Arabia, Australia, China, Indonesia, Sultanate of Oman and most recently in countries in Western Europe. This paper reviews the strengths and weaknesses of sentinel herd surveillance systems in general. In order to determine their efficacy, the following criteria were found to be essential: the choice of sentinel locations, sentinel animal, seasonality of sampling and diagnostic testing methods. We conclude that due to its ability to focus on a specific disease, sentinel herd systems have been successful in the early detection of the spread of a targeted agent. This review is used as a basis for recommendations for the development of future sentinel herd systems. 相似文献
16.
Maud Coignard Raphaël Guatteo Isabelle Veissier Anne Lehébel Charlotte Hoogveld Luc Mounier Nathalie Bareille 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2014,199(1):184-187
Under the assumption that milk yield may be reduced in herds with impaired welfare, the present study aimed at investigating whether milk yield could be used as a reliable indicator of welfare. In 125 commercial French dairy herds, the association between the welfare of the herd (evaluated using the Welfare Quality assessment protocol) and cow milk yield was investigated using linear mixed models. Positive associations were identified between milk yield and low aggressions between cows and good emotional state of the herd but there was a negative association with good health assessed through the occurrence of diseases and injuries. These opposite associations resulted in no association with the overall welfare of the herd. Milk yield should not therefore be used as an indicator of overall welfare. 相似文献
17.
D. JORDAN 《Australian veterinary journal》1996,73(1):16-19
This paper examines methods for evaluating herd Johne's disease status that could be used in a survey of the cattle industry. Emphasis is placed on aggregate testing, a process whereby a random sample of cattle from a herd is assessed using an imperfect test, such as an ELISA for detecting antibody in serum. Important aggregate test parameters discussed include: sample size, herd-level sensitivity, herd-level specificity, the number of reactors used for declaring a positive herd result, and the expected within-herd prevalence of disease. Aggregate testing may be useful for several livestock diseases. However, problems arise when it is applied to Johne's disease because of the poor sensitivity of the available diagnostic tests, the low within herd prevalence of infection, and clustering of false positives within a herd. 相似文献
18.
A mail survey of Canadian sheep flocks registered on the Record of Performance program was conducted, and the association of management practices and diseases with productivity was studied using multiple regression techniques. The relationships between management practices and diseases of lambs which were associated with production were also investigated using discriminant analysis. Flocks in the maritimes had a lower average flock productivity than those in Ontario-Quebec and the western provinces. In purebred flocks, the average adjusted weight at 100 days of age was higher than in other types of flocks, and the prevalence of scours was lower. At the herd level, the rates of pregnancy toxemia and vaginal prolapse were associated with heavier lambs, while the average daily weight gain between 50 and 100 days of age was lower in herds affected by scours and starvation. Using pasture and bush as winter housing was also detrimental to lamb productivity. No management practices discriminated between case and control flocks for scours and starvation in lambs. It was concluded that the reasons for the geographic differences should be investigated as should the management differences between purebred and other producers. Prevention of scours and starvation in lambs should be given priority in order to increase productivity. 相似文献
19.
Integrated herd health management is an effective method to improve animal health as mastitis and fertility disorders in dairy herds. For optimizing the costs and work load for the herd health management, it is necessary to have a data tool that enables a quick and comfortable data handling and provides practicable handouts for extension. The Research Institute of Organic Agriculture in Switzerland (FiBL) has developed such a database-system for the animal health management project "pro-Q". Objective of this database is to combine external available and on-farm collected data and to provide routine tools on herd and cow level (incl. udder quarter level) for farmers, veterinarians and advisers. These tools should give a comprehensive overview over the animal health situation of the herd and the single animal level. Furthermore, the database presented in this article, meets the requirements of a multi-user system with remote-access which enables different instances to gain the requested information. 相似文献
20.
Essentially all animal commodity organizations have established quality assurance programs designed to ensure food safety and quality. Most of these programs were originally implemented to address problems with veterinary drug residues. Many of the current programs have or plan to include food safety critical control points with specific guidelines on how to control or reduce pathogen load. The continued focus placed on food safety by today's consumer demands that American producers ensure that their commodities are wholesome, safe, and of high quality in order to remain competitive in the global marketplace. Veterinarians should recognize that it is important to encourage food animal producers to participate in quality assurance programs for their clients' economic health and for food safety and protection of public health. Commodities certified as being produced under good production practices or by producers certified as following a recognized and validated quality assurance program often bring a premium price. Also, some slaughter establishments are beginning to require producers to be certified as practicing under a recognized quality assurance program before animals are accepted for processing. This practice is being driven partially by the demands placed on slaughter establishments by the US Department of Agriculture's implementation of the Pathogen Reduction, Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point Systems regulation. Regardless of why producer trade association quality assurance programs have come into existence, veterinarians should promote the programs as an excellent mechanism to help ensure everyone's goal of a safe, wholesome food supply. 相似文献