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L. Gao E. M. Babiker I. C. Nava J. Nirmala Z. Bedo L. Lang S. Chao S. Gale Y. Jin J. A. Anderson U. Bansal R. F. Park M. N. Rouse J. M. Bonman H. Bariana 《Plant pathology》2019,68(1):143-151
The wheat stem rust fungus, Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici (Pgt), race TTKSK and related races pose a serious threat to world wheat production. Knowing the effectiveness of wheat stem rust resistance (Sr) genes against Pgt race TTKSK is fundamental in mitigating this threat through resistance breeding. Sr15 was previously identified as being ineffective against Pgt race TTKSK. Here, multirace disease phenotyping data, linkage analyses, allelism testing and haplotype analyses are presented to support the conclusion that Sr15 is effective against Pgt race TTKSK. Resistance to race TTKSK was mapped to Sr15 in a biparental population. Thirty-two accessions with Sr15 displayed seedling resistance phenotypes against race TTKSK. However, these accessions were susceptible as seedlings at high temperatures (22–25 °C), consistent with previous reports that the interaction between avirulent Pgt isolates and Sr15 is temperature-sensitive. Markers STS638, wri4 and KASP_IWB30995 were found to predict the presence of Sr15, suggesting the utility of these assays for marker-assisted selection in breeding programmes. The effectiveness of Sr15 to specific Pgt races and temperatures makes it a less-desirable TTKSK-effective gene. Wheat lines assayed as resistant to race TTKSK at the seedling stage may possess Sr15 and breeders should be aware of the limitations of Sr15 for conferring stem rust resistance. 相似文献
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Aegilops sharonensis (Sharon goatgrass) is a wild relative of wheat and a rich source of genetic diversity for disease resistance. The objectives of this study were to determine the genetic basis of leaf rust, stem rust, and powdery mildew resistance in A. sharonensis and also the allelic relationships between genes controlling resistance to each disease. Progeny from crosses between resistant and susceptible accessions were evaluated for their disease reaction at the seedling and/or adult plant stage to determine the number and action of genes conferring resistance. Two different genes conferring resistance to leaf rust races THBJ and BBBB were identified in accessions 1644 and 603. For stem rust, the same single gene was found to confer resistance to race TTTT in accessions 1644 and 2229. Resistance to stem rust race TPMK was conferred by two genes in accessions 1644 and 603. A contingency test revealed no association between genes conferring resistance to leaf rust race THBJ and stem rust race TTTT or between genes conferring resistance to stem rust race TTTT and powdery mildew isolate UM06-01, indicating that the respective resistance genes are not linked. Three accessions (1644, 2229, and 1193) were found to carry a single gene for resistance to powdery mildew. Allelism tests revealed that the resistance gene in accession 1644 is different from the respective single genes present in either 2229 or 1193. The simple inheritance of leaf rust, stem rust, and powdery mildew resistance in A. sharonensis should simplify the transfer of resistance to wheat in wide crosses. 相似文献
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Characterization of Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici isolates derived from an unusual wheat stem rust outbreak in Germany in 2013 
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下载免费PDF全文 P. D. Olivera Firpo M. Newcomb K. Flath N. Sommerfeldt‐Impe L. J. Szabo M. Carter D. G. Luster Y. Jin 《Plant pathology》2017,66(8):1258-1266
An unusual stem rust infestation occurred in German wheat fields in summer 2013. This study analysed 48 isolates derived from 17 Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici (Pgt) samples and six races were identified: TKTTF, TKKTF, TKPTF, TKKTP, PKPTF and MMMTF. Infection type and genotypic data confirmed that none of these races belonged to the TTKS (Ug99) race group. German isolates of race TKTTF are phenotypically different to the ones responsible for the stem rust epidemic in Ethiopia in 2013–2014. Forty isolates were genotyped using a custom SNP array. Phylogenetic analysis showed that these 40 isolates represented two distinct lineages (clade IV and clade V). Thirty‐eight isolates clustered into clade IV, which previously was defined by Ethiopian isolates of race TKTTF. Race TKKTP is of special concern due to its combined virulence to stem rust resistance genes Sr24, SrTmp and Sr1RSAmigo. The vulnerability to race TKKTP in US and international winter wheat was confirmed as 55% of North American and international cultivars and breeding lines resistant to race TTKSK (Ug99) became susceptible to TKKTP. Races identified in Germany in 2013 confirmed the presence of virulence to important resistance genes that are effective against race TTKSK. This information should be useful for breeders to select diverse and effective resistance genes in order to provide more durable stem rust resistance and reduce the use of fungicides. 相似文献
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Ug99(TTKS)是1999年在乌干达首次发现的对最重要小麦抗秆锈病基因Sr31有强毒力的秆锈菌新小种。大量证据显示:该小种不仅具有极其特殊的毒力组合而且传播十分迅速,除在中非乌干达、东非肯尼亚、埃塞俄比亚、苏丹流行外,Ug99现已越过红海、传到了阿拉伯国家也门,以及巴基斯坦的沿海地区,越来越逼近我国。Ug99堪称我国的超毒小种,我国最典型的秆锈菌小种只能分别克服或Sr5或Sr9 e或Sr11单基因抗性,而Ug99不仅具有Sr5、Sr9 e、Sr11的联合毒力,而且还具有Sr21、Sr31、Sr38的联合毒力,而我国从未有小种能克服后者的抗性。1B/1L(含Sr31)易位系曾是我国使用的重要秆锈抗源,必对Ug99高度脆弱,我国118份小麦品种在KARI的测定结果表明,高感品种频率98.3%。一旦Ug99入侵我国,其他流行条件也完全具备。因此,充分作好防范Ug99流行的准备十分必要。 相似文献
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Wheat stem rust samples were collected in 2006 and 2007 in the Arsi, Bale, Shewa and northwest regions of Ethiopia to determine virulence diversity and race distribution in Puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici populations. Stem rust incidence was high in Arsi, Bale and east Shewa. In northwest Ethiopia, and north and west Shewa, stem rust was prevalent at low levels. A total of 152 isolates was analysed and 22 races were identified. Races TTKSR (Ug99), TTHSR and RRTTR were predominant, with frequencies of 26·6, 17·7 and 11·1%, respectively. These races were also detected in all regions. The highly virulent race designated Ug99 was present throughout the country and dominated in all regions except northwest Ethiopia. A variant of Ug99 virulent against the stem rust resistance gene Sr24 was not detected in this study. Four stem rust resistance genes ( Sr13, Sr30, Sr36 and SrTm p) were found to confer resistance to most of the races prevalent in Ethiopia. With the exception of Sr30 , which is not effective against Ug99, these genes could be used in breeding for resistance to stem rust in Ethiopia. 相似文献
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ABSTRACT Canadian wheat cvs. Pasqua and AC Taber were examined genetically to determine the number and identity of stem rust resistance genes in both. The two cultivars were crossed with stem rust susceptible line RL6071, and sets of random F(6) lines were developed from each cross. The F(6) lines, parents, and tester lines with single stem rust resistance genes were grown in a field rust nursery, inoculated with a mixture of stem and leaf rust races, and evaluated for rust resistance. The same wheat lines were tested by inoculation with specific stem rust races in seedling tests to postulate which Sr genes were segregating in the F6 lines. Segregation of F(6) lines indicated that Pasqua had three genes that conditioned field resistance to stem rust and had seedling genes Sr5, Sr6, Sr7a, Sr9b, and Sr12. Leaf rust resistance gene Lr34, which is in Pasqua, was associated with adult-plant stem rust resistance in the segregating F(6) lines. Adult-plant gene Sr2 was postulated to condition field resistance in AC Taber, and seedling genes Sr9b, Sr11, and Sr12 also were postulated to be in AC Taber. 相似文献
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Pablo D. Olivera Dolors Villegas Carlos Cantero-Martínez Les J. Szabo Matthew N. Rouse Douglas G. Luster Radhika Bartaula Marta S. Lopes Yue Jin 《Plant pathology》2022,71(4):873-889
Wheat stem rust, caused by Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici, is a re-emerging disease, posing a threat to wheat production. In Spain, stem rust has been rarely detected since the 1970s, but infection was observed in wheat fields in 2018. We analysed six stem rust samples collected in Rota, Cádiz province and one from Monteagudo del Castillo, Teruel province. All the samples from Rota were typed as race TKTTF, whereas the sample from Monteagudo del Castillo, collected in a wheat field adjacent to barberry bushes, was typed as race TKHBK. This race has a unique and significant virulence combination that includes virulence to Sr31, Sr33, Sr53 and Sr59, and is avirulent to Rusty, a durum line developed for universal susceptibility to the wheat stem rust pathogen. TKHBK is the first race outside the Ug99 race group with virulence to Sr31 and the first known race with virulence to Sr59. Genotyping studies indicate that race TKHBK does not belong to the Ug99 or TKTTF race groups and constitutes a previously unknown lineage. Two hundred bread and durum wheat cultivars and breeding lines from Spain were evaluated against TKHBK, TKTTF, and six additional races. Resistance was observed to all the races evaluated. Molecular markers confirmed the presence of Sr7a, Sr24, Sr31, Sr38 and Sr57 in bread wheat, and Sr13 in durum wheat. The re-emergence of wheat stem rust in Spain and the occurrence of unique virulences underscore the need to continue surveying and monitoring this disease. 相似文献
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ABSTRACT Stripe rust is one of the most important diseases of wheat and barley worldwide. On wheat it is caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici and on barley by P. striiformis f. sp. hordei Most wheat genotypes are resistant to P. striiformis f. sp. hordei and most barley genotypes are resistant to P. striiformis f. sp. tritici. To determine the genetics of resistance in wheat to P. striiformis f. sp. hordei, crosses were made between wheat genotypes Lemhi (resistant to P. striiformis f. sp. hordei) and PI 478214 (susceptible to P. striiformis f. sp. hordei). The greenhouse seedling test of 150 F(2) progeny from the Lemhi x PI 478214 cross, inoculated with race PSH-14 of P. striiformis f. sp. hordei, indicated that Lemhi has a dominant resistance gene. The single dominant gene was confirmed by testing seedlings of the F(1), BC(1) to the two parents, and 150 F(3) lines from the F(2) plants with the same race. The tests of the F(1), BC(1), and F(3) progeny with race PSH-48 of P. striiformis f. sp. hordei and PST-21 of P. striiformis f. sp. tritici also showed a dominant gene for resistance to these races. Cosegregation analyses of the F(3) data from the tests with the two races of P. striiformis f. sp. hordei and one race of P. striiformis f. sp. tritici suggested that the same gene conferred the resistance to both races of P. striiformis f. sp. hordei, and this gene was different but closely linked to Yr21, a previously reported gene in Lemhi conferring resistance to race PST-21 of P. striiformis f. sp. tritici. A linkage group consisting of 11 resistance gene analog polymorphism (RGAP) markers was established for the genes. The gene was confirmed to be on chromosome 1B by amplification of a set of nullitetrasomic Chinese Spring lines with an RGAP marker linked in repulsion with the resistance allele. The genetic information obtained from this study is useful in understanding interactions between inappropriate hosts and pathogens. The gene identified in Lemhi for resistance to P. striiformis f. sp. hordei should provide resistance to barley stripe rust when introgressed into barley cultivars. 相似文献
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中国条锈菌新小种条中30、31号的研究 总被引：19，自引：3，他引：19
本文报道了1991年以来对新小种条中30、31号鉴定与致病性的研究。继1991年发现对绵阳系成株小麦有致病力的、对Hybrid46有毒的新致病类型91—1,1993年又发现了新的致病类型93—1。根据它们对我国鉴别寄主的反应,命名为条中30、31号。与条中28、29号相比,新小种具有更宽毒性基因组成和更高的相对寄生适合度值,它们对我国生产品种、高代品系和重要抗源有更广的致病范围。证实两个新小种的出现和发展是绵阳系小麦抗条锈变异的主要因素,建议加强对新小种抗病育种和流行预测的研究。 相似文献
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条中32号(原Hybrid46致病类型3，简称HY-3)是1991年首次在青海湟中的小麦品种红阿勃上采集到的。从其毒性基因谱、对生产品种的致病范围和近年来的出现频率衡量，预测其在以后一段时间内仍将是我国的主要优势小种之一，2002年经全国条锈菌生理小种监测协作组研究决定把HY-3命名为条中32号。条中32号小种的出现和近年来的持续发展对我国小麦条锈病发生和流行及抗病育种产生重要影响，将增加我国条锈病流行潜力并对生产构成一定威胁。今后应对其动态进行连续监测，并研究应对措施，如开展抗病预见育种、病害流行预测预报和防治等，综合治理其危害。 相似文献
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ABSTRACT Host plant resistance is an economical and environmentally sound method of control of leaf rust caused by the fungus Puccinia triticina, which is one of the most serious diseases of wheat (Triticum aestivum) worldwide. Wild relatives of wheat, including the tetraploid T. timopheevii subsp. armeniacum, represent an important source of genes for resistance to leaf rust. The objectives of this study were to (i) evaluate the performance of leaf rust resistance genes previously transferred to wheat from three accessions of T. timopheevii subsp. armeniacum, (ii) determine inheritance and allelic relationship of the new leaf rust resistance genes, and (iii) determine the genetic map location of one of the T. timopheevii subsp. armeniacum-derived genes using microsatellite markers. The leaf rust resistance gene transferred to hexaploid wheat from accession TA 28 of T. timopheevii subsp. armeniacum exhibited slightly different infection types (ITs) to diverse races of leaf rust in inoculated tests of seedlings compared with the gene transferred from TA 870 and TA 874. High ITs were exhibited when seedlings of all the germ plasm lines were inoculated with P. triticina races MBRL and PNMQ. However, low ITs were observed on adult plants of all lines having the T. timopheevii subsp. armeniacum-derived genes for resistance in the field at locations in Kansas and Texas. Analysis of crosses between resistant germ plasm lines showed that accessions TA 870 and TA 874 donated the same gene for resistance to leaf rust and TA 28 donated an independent resistance gene. The gene donated to germ plasm line KS96WGRC36 from TA 870 of T. timopheevii subsp. armeniacum was linked to microsatellite markers Xgwm382 (6.7 cM) and Xgdm87 (9.4 cM) on wheat chromosome arm 2B long. This new leaf rust resistance gene is designated Lr50. It is the first named gene for leaf rust resistance transferred from wild timopheevi wheat and is the only Lr gene located on the long arm of wheat homoeologous group 2 chromosomes. 相似文献
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西藏半野生小麦(Triticum aestivum ssp. tibetanum Shao)、云南铁壳麦(T. aestivum ssp. yunnanense King)和新疆稻麦(T. petropavloski Udats et Migusch)是我国特有的3个普通小麦亚种,它们具有特定的地理分布、明显不同于普通小麦的形态学特征,具有抗病、耐逆等优良性状,是可用于现代小麦品种生物和非生物胁迫改良的优异种质资源。本研究利用当前在我国流行频率高、毒性强的条锈菌生理小种和致病类群组成的混合菌对213份中国特有小麦种质(包括117份西藏半野生小麦、78份云南铁壳麦和18份新疆稻麦)进行苗期和成株期抗性表型鉴定,并利用与12个已知条锈病抗性基因(Yr)相关的分子标记进行分子检测。结果表明,共有18份中国特有小麦种质对混合生理小种表现苗期抗性,89份表现成株期抗性。进一步分析发现,成株期抗性种质主要来源于云南铁壳麦。结合系谱分析、抗性表型及条锈病抗病基因分子标记检测结果发现,2份中国特有小麦种质携带Yr18,所有种质均不携带Yr5、Yr9、Yr10、Yr15、Yr17、Yr24/Yr26、Yr30、Yr41、Yr48、Yr65和Yr67等已知抗病基因。未检测到供试基因的抗性种质可能携带其他已知或新的条锈病抗性基因。该研究为进一步有效利用中国特有小麦亚种抗条锈病种质和发掘其抗性基因提供依据。 相似文献
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小麦抗源武汉2号和品冬34的抗条锈性遗传分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为明确小麦品种武汉2号和品冬34对小麦条锈菌流行小种的抗病性及抗病遗传规律,用小麦条锈菌生理小种CYR29、CYR31、CYR32、CYR33以及致病类型Su11-4、Su11-5、Su11-11、PST-Ch42在苗期接种小麦品种武汉2号和品冬34进行抗病性鉴定,并用武汉2号和品冬34分别与感病亲本铭贤169进行杂交,对F2群体和F2：3家系在温室进行苗期遗传分析。结果表明：武汉2号对CYR29和CYR32表现感病,对其它小种和致病型均表现抗病,且对CYR31的抗性由1对隐性基因控制;品冬34对所测试的小种和致病类型均表现高抗,且对CYR32的抗性由1对显性基因控制。 相似文献
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小麦持久抗条锈性品种N.strampelli苗期抗性遗传分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
小麦条锈病是世界范围内小麦上发生最为普遍的重要病害之一,种植抗病品种是防治该病的首选。N.strampelli是1974年我国从意大利引进的,在甘肃省陇南小麦条锈病常发易变区大面积种植30余年仍然保持良好抗病性,是一个典型的持久抗条锈性品种。为了测定其遗传特性,利用小麦条锈菌生理小种CY29、CY30和菌系Su-14在温室对N.strampelli与铭贤169及其杂交F1、F2和BC1代接种进行遗传分析。结果表明:N.strampelli对CY29的抗病性由2对隐性基因独立或重叠作用控制,不受胞质效应的影响,属核遗传;对CY30的抗病性由1对显性基因和1对隐性基因互补控制,属核遗传;对Su-14菌系的抗病性由2对隐性基因累加作用控制,属核遗传。研究结果表明,N.strampelli应做为抗源用于小麦的抗病育种中。 相似文献
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小麦条锈菌国际鉴别寄主Lee对中国条锈菌系CY23的抗性遗传分析 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
采用常规杂交方法,以国际小麦条锈菌鉴别寄主Lee与感病品种铭贤169杂交、自交、测交,获正、反交的F1、F2和BC1代。根据条锈菌小种的毒性谱,选用CY23单孢菌系,对其双亲及其杂交后代进行苗期抗性鉴定和统计分析,明确抗性基因数目、显隐性、互作方式和抗性特点。结果表明,在正交情况下,Lee对CY23菌系的抗性由1对显性基因和1对隐性基因互补控制,反交情况下也由1对显性基因和1对隐性基因互补控制,正反交分析结果一致,说明Lee对CY23的抗性属核遗传,由1对显性基因和1对隐性基因互补控制。通过对CY23毒性分析和对Yr7、Yr22和Yr23遗传特点研究,表明Lee对CY23抗性的1对显性基因和1对隐性基因分别为Yr7和Yr23,两者互补控制对CY23的抗性。在抗性鉴定中可用CY23区别Yr22与Yr23,并作为标准菌系用于基因推导分析。 相似文献
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分析了春小麦4个重要抗原品种对小麦秆锈菌(Puccinia graminis var.tritici)3个生理小种的抗病基因,并对抗原品种所含有的抗病基因与国际上已命名的Sr基因进行了比较。结果表明:Minn2761携带对小种21C3显性的抗病基因Sr5Sr5和一对抗小种34C4的隐性的抗病基因;Alondra"S"携带Sr5Sr5和兼抗小种21C3、34C2、34C4的一对显性的抗病基因;Orofen携带Sr5Sr5和兼抗小种21C3、34C2的显性的抗病基因Sr6Sr6;Rulofen携带Sr6Sr6、一对抗小种21C3的隐性的抗病基因和另一对抗小种34C2的隐性的抗病基因。除了Sr5和Sr6基因之外,抗原品种所携带的另外四个抗病基因与国际上已命名的抗秆锈基因Sr1(即Sr9d)、Sr2、Sr5-Sr20、Sr22-Sr32、Sr36、Sr37是非等位的抗病基因。 相似文献
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用中国春单体系列和二体中国春作为母本与Orofen杂交。选择出所有类型的单体杂种F1植株,令其自交结实。在温室内(10-25℃)用秆锈菌小种21C3和34C2的单孢菌系分别接种鉴定各杂交组合的F2代苗期的抗性分离表现。对小种21C3,除2D和6D之外,其它单体类型和二体对照的F2代都符合抗病15:1感病的分离比例;对小种34C2,除2D之外,其它单体类型和二体对照的F2代都符合抗病3:1感病的分离比例。用Orofen与含有国际上已定位于2D和6D染色体上的已知Sr基因的品系(或品种)杂交。对小种21C3,Orofen与含有Sr5和Sr6的单基因系的杂交F2未分离出感病的植株;对小种34C2,只有与含有Sr6的单基因系的杂交F2代未分离出感病的植株。这表明,Orofen在2D染色体上含有Sr6,它兼抗小种21C3和34C2,分别提供0-1;1++x-和;1-;1++x-的抗性效应;而在6D染色体上携带抗病基因Sr5,它只抗小种21C3.控制0-;1-的侵染型。对无毒性的小种,Sr5对Sr6的抗病效应是上位的。 相似文献