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1.
OBJECTIVE: To determine serum antinuclear antibody (ANA) titers in dogs with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and in dogs with related clinical and clinicopathologic findings. DESIGN: Retrospective case series. ANIMALS: 120 dogs. PROCEDURES: Information that was evaluated included signalment, clinical signs, results of routine laboratory testing, ANA titer, and diagnosis. RESULTS: The most common clinical signs were arthralgia, myalgia, and stiffness (n = 41 [34.2%]); the most common clinicopathologic abnormality was thrombocytopenia (30 [25%]). Serum ANA titer was < 160 (seronegative) in 89 dogs (74.2%), 160 in 14 dogs (11.7%), 320 in 5 dogs (4.2%), and > or = 640 in 12 dogs (10%). Immune-mediated disease was confirmed in 40 dogs, 18 of which fulfilled the criteria for a definitive or probable diagnosis of SLE. Only 1 of 47 dogs with no major signs compatible with SLE had immune-mediated disease, compared with 26 of 57 dogs with 1 major sign and 13 of 16 dogs with > or = 2 major signs. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggested that measurement of ANA titer was not a useful diagnostic test in dogs without any major clinical or clinicopathologic abnormalities suggestive of SLE. In contrast, there was a good chance that results of the ANA assay would be positive and that the dog would be found to have immune-mediated disease if at least 2 major signs were evident. Findings suggest that it would be reasonable to limit the use of the ANA assay to those dogs that have at least 1 major sign compatible with a diagnosis of SLE.  相似文献   

2.
The purpose of this study was to develop a model for canine systemic lupus erythematosus. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a systemic autoimmune syndrome defined by clinical and serological features, including arthritis, glomerulonephritis, dermatitis and autoantibodies. SLE was induced in eight normal dogs by immunization with heparan sulphate, the major glycosaminoglycan of the glomerular basement membrane. All the heparan sulphate-immunized dogs showed mild-to-moderate levels of proteinuria and skin disease. Cutaneous signs associated with SLE including alopecia, erythema, crusting, scaling and seborrhoea were observed. Immunohistological examination of the skin lesions revealed deposition of immunoglobulin M and complement in the dermal-epidermal junction. Three of eight dogs showed lameness. The antinuclear antibody tests were positive with the antibody titres higher than 1:128. Therefore, this experimental SLE model could be useful for studying immune-mediated skin disease and autoimmunity.  相似文献   

3.
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) was diagnosed in a 2-year-old Standardbred filly. Clinical signs of SLE included weight loss, bilateral symmetric alopecia, seborrhea, oral ulceration, and lymphadenopathy. Abnormal laboratory findings included a Coombs test-positive hemolytic anemia and positive antinuclear antibody test result. Histologic evaluation of multiple skin biopsy specimens revealed interface dermatitis with linear deposition of IgG at the basement membrane zones of the epidermis and hair follicles. The filly did not respond to glucocorticoid treatment and was euthanatized. Necropsy findings included membranous glomerulonephritis and fibrous synovitis. On the basis of these findings, SLE should be considered in the differential diagnosis of immune-mediated skin disease in horses. Definitive diagnosis of SLE relies on recognition of multisystemic disease and confirmatory histopathologic and immunopathologic findings.  相似文献   

4.
Permanent pacemakers are commonly used in veterinary practice and can have a dramatic effect on the treatment of heart block. A Labrador Retriever dog suffering from exercise intolerance secondary to third degree atrioventricular block was treated with a new pacemaker system. A steroid-eluting screw-in type lead that has the advantage of being more fixed to the myocardial wall without increasing the pacing threshold was used. The heart rate was regulated with an acceleration sensing pacemaker generator that included several automatic modulation systems. Nineteen months after implantation, the dog has a normal level of activity. The present case suggests that this pacemaker design may offer important advantages for canine patients.  相似文献   

5.
In humans, accessory pathways (APs) in an anteroseptal and midseptal position are often challenging to ablate because of their close proximity with the conduction pathways of the atrioventricular junction. The use of low-energy ablation techniques can be useful to reduce the risk of permanently damaging the atrioventricular node and the His bundle. This report describes the use of low-energy radiofrequency catheter ablation to successfully and permanently ablate anteroseptal APs in two dogs with orthodromic atrioventricular reciprocating tachycardia. In the first dog, a transient first degree atrioventricular block persisted for 30 s after radiofrequency energy delivery. In the second dog, transient paroxysmal atrioventricular conduction block was observed during the procedure but resolved within 3 days. First degree atrioventricular block was again identified 2 months later. In conclusion, anteroseptal APs can be effectively treated by low-energy radiofrequency catheter ablation with minimal and transient damage to the atrioventricular junction.  相似文献   

6.
A 20-year-old warmblood breeding stallion presented to a University practice for semen collection and evaluation was incidentally diagnosed with atrial fibrillation (AF). Electrocardiogram recordings during breeding revealed inappropriately rapid tachycardia and occasional ventricular premature depolarizations/aberrant ventricular conduction. Transvenous electrical cardioversion was performed. After successful cardioversion the horse displayed supraventricular ectopy and atrial contractile dysfunction and was administered sotalol hydrochloride in an attempt to decrease the risk of AF recurrence. Supraventricular ectopy and echocardiographic evidence of atrial dysfunction gradually improved and normalized over 6 months. No direct adverse effects of the chronic anti-arrhythmic treatment were observed and libido and semen quality were unaffected. AF recurred 6 months after cardioversion and sotalol therapy was continued to control the ventricular ectopy/aberrant ventricular conduction during semen collection. Considerations regarding pathologic arrhythmias and inappropriately high heart rates in breeding stallions with AF may be similar to those in riding horses. Sotalol hydrochloride was a safe anti-arrhythmic drug in the management of this case.  相似文献   

7.
A 5-year-old female American Quarter Horse was determined to have immune-mediated hemolytic anemia after detection of a positive response to a direct Coombs' test. Penicillin-induced immune-mediated hemolytic anemia was confirmed via a direct antiglobulin test, using penicillin-coated RBC. The horse was clinically improved and the anemia resolved in response to supportive care and discontinuation of penicillin treatment. Penicillin should be considered a possible cause of immune-mediated hemolytic anemia in horses.  相似文献   

8.
Detection of Antiplatelet Antibody With a Platelet Immunofluorescence Assay   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  
An indirect platelet immunofluorescence assay (PIFA) was developed for detection of circulating antiplatelet antibody in dogs with suspected immune-mediated thrombocytopenia (ITP). The PIFA was performed on 10 healthy dogs with normal platelet counts; 76 thrombocytopenic dogs, 20 of which were suspected of having ITP; and 18 dogs with other diseases and normal platelet counts. All normal dogs had negative test results. Fourteen (70%) of 20 dogs suspected of having ITP had positive test results. Fifteen of the remaining 56 thrombocytopenic dogs had positive test results, 9 had cancer and 6 had other immune-mediated diseases including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). In this study, the PIFA assay seemed to be more sensitive (70%) than the megakaryocyte immunofluorescence assay (41 %) in the diagnosis of ITP. Of the 9 PIFA-positive dogs with neoplasia, 6 had lymphoproliferative disorders. The PI FA was positive in 5 of 18 diseased dogs with normal platelet counts. There was an inverse relationship between the platelet count and the intensity of fluorescence in the PIFA-positive dogs. We conclude that the PIFA is a sensitive screening method for detecting circulating antiplatelet antibody.  相似文献   

9.
A 7-year-old male intact Rottweiler was presented with a 1-week history of lethargy, anorexia, vomiting and multiple syncopal events. The results of the clinical examination and electrocardiography were consistent with a third degree atrioventricular block and an intermittent accelerated idioventricular rhythm. Haematology, serum biochemistry, serology for Borrelia burgdorferi, blood culture, total T4, thoracic radiography and echocardiography did not reveal the cause of the arrhythmia. Response to medical treatment with isoproterenol was poor. Pacemaker placement was declined by the owners and the dog was euthanized at their request. Histopathological examination of the heart revealed a chemodectoma at the base of the heart. There was no neoplastic infiltration of the conduction tissue. Potential mechanisms explaining the association of the arrhythmias and the tumour, such as vagal stimulation and neuroendocrine factors are discussed.  相似文献   

10.
All recognized cases (n = 55) of immune-mediated hemolytic anemia and immune-mediated thrombocytopenia in dogs presented to the Western College of Veterinary Medicine from 1969 through 1983 were reviewed. Specific areas of concern were: association with other conditions, therapeutic response, prognosis, relapse rate and final outcome. Of these 55 cases, 19 were immune-mediated hemolytic anemia, 26 were immune-mediated thrombocytopenia and 10 were both immune-mediated hemolytic anemia and thrombocytopenia. Females were slightly over-represented and the mean age was 6.4 years. Therapy consisted of various combinations of immuno-suppressive drugs and in some cases, whole blood transfusion and splenectomy. No firm conclusions could be made regarding therapeutic efficacy, as a result of variation in treatment protocol and the occasional unavailability of follow-up data. Well over half of all cases were diagnosed as idiopathic. Precipitating factors or diseases most frequently implicated in secondary immune-mediated thrombocytopenia or hemolytic anemia were: recent vaccination, drug therapy, obstetrical complications, stress, recent viral infection and neoplasia. Twice as many cases of immune-mediated hemolytic anemia were seen in the cooler months (October to March), although this could not be related to antibody class or thermal reactivity. Immune-mediated thrombocytopenia both as a single disease and combined with immune-mediated hemolytic anemia had no seasonal incidence. History, clinical findings and hematological and clinical chemistry findings were consistent with data previously reported, with the exception of icterus, which appeared to be of higher incidence than most reports, being present in almost 50% of immune-mediated hemolytic anemia cases. Just over half of all dogs survived, although the survival rate was highest for immune-mediated hemolytic anemia, followed closely by immune-mediated thrombocytopenia and lowest for the combined disease. Immune-mediated thrombocytopenia most frequently ran a relapsing course requiring long-term or intermittent therapy.  相似文献   

11.
A 7.5-year-old castrated male ferret (Mustela putorius furo) was diagnosed with third-degree atrioventricular (AV) block. A monopolar epicardial pacemaker system was implanted, resulting in a regular, paced cardiac rhythm with third-degree AV block at 140 beats per minute. Over the next 2 months, the ferret developed anorexia, interstitial pneumonia, intermittent diarrhea, and hind-limb weakness and had a slow and progressive recovery. The ferret developed clinical signs of congestive heart failure 4 months after the surgery, resulting in its death 3 weeks later. Necropsy results attributed the death to cardiac failure due to extensive myocardial mineralization. To the authors' knowledge this is the first published report of surgical report of surgical pacemaker implantation in a ferret.  相似文献   

12.
A diagnosis of trimethoprim/sulfadiazine-induced, immune-mediated thrombocytopenia in a dog was made, using a novel in vitro assay for thrombolytic activity. The assay quantifies thrombolytic activity by measuring the amount of platelet fragments in normal canine platelets before and after incubation with plasma from the thrombocytopenic dog. This report confirms previous reports of the development of thrombocytopenia after administration of trimethoprim/sulfadiazine, and describes a new assay that, after further validation, may be useful in the diagnosis of immune-mediated thrombocytopenia when an adequate sample of platelets cannot be obtained for quantification of platelet-associated IgG.  相似文献   

13.
A method was developed to record cortical somatosensory evoked potentials (SEP) from thoracic and pelvic limb stimulation in cows. Recordings were similar in latency and amplitude to those reported for horses. Correction for conduction pathway length did not alter the average latency values because the cows of the study were uniform in size; however, the data provided will enable use of this normative data with smaller or larger individual animals. Although latency variability for the SEP peaks was low, variability of the amplitude measurements was high. This observed variability was similar to that seen in other species. Validity of the recorded responses was indicated by lack of a tibial nerve SEP in 1 cow that had been given a tibial nerve conduction block, using lidocaine, and by repeatability of the response in 2 recordings taken 1 year apart in the same cow.  相似文献   

14.
Splenectomy was done in 9 dogs having immune-mediated hematologic disorders refractory to medical therapy. These disorders were immune-mediated thrombocytopenia (n = 3), immune hemolytic anemia (n = 3), and Evan's syndrome (n = 3). The diagnoses were based on clinical observations, laboratory test data, and differential of other conditions. In the 12 months after splenectomy was done, the dogs reflected clinical improvement and return of platelet and/or erythrocyte counts to clinically acceptable limits; medical treatment was stopped or reduced in 8 of 9 patients. The exceptional patient had shown clinical improvement without change in the platelet count. At the end of 1 year, survival rate was excellent, and postsplenectomy complications, such as hemobartonellosis, did not appear. It is believed that splenectomy may be useful for treating immune-mediated thrombocytopenia, anemia, and Evan's syndrome that seem refractory to medication.  相似文献   

15.
A hospital-based, case-control study was used to describe clinical and laboratory findings in 83 dogs diagnosed with noninfectious, nonerosive, immune-mediated polyarthritis (IMPA) in western Canada. Case medical records were reviewed. Cases were analyzed as total IMPA cases and as subgroups [breed, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), reactive, and idiopathic] and compared with the general canine hospital population. Dogs with IMPA differed in age (P = 0.004) and weight (P = 0.01) from other hospital admissions. Idiopathic IMPA cases were older (4–10 y; P < 0.05), compared with the general canine hospital population, and their common laboratory abnormalities included the following: leukocytosis, nonregenerative anemia, increased alkaline phosphatase, and hypoalbuminemia. The SLE cases were seen more often in summer and fall (P = 0.04), raising concern of an undiagnosed etiologic agent. The hock joint appeared to be the most reliable for diagnosis of IMPA, and arthrocentesis of both hock joints may aid in case identification.  相似文献   

16.
A 12-year-old spayed Corgi-type dog developed an acute febrile illness about 2 weeks after excision of a subcutaneous arteriovenous fistula. The dog was moribund after 1 week of illness and was euthanatized. Necropsy disclosed uncommon lesions comparable to those of polyarteritis nodosa and rheumatic heart disease of human beings. The pathogenesis of the arterial and cardiac lesions was not established, but was consistent with that of an immune-mediated mechanism.  相似文献   

17.
30只犬，180只大鼠，各随机分为6组，分别以5个功率密度（从1．004mW／cm^2至0．974kW／cm^2）脉冲微波辐照，在辐照后即刻（0h）至12个月的不同时相点，分别检测其体温、心率、心电图、心肌酶谱等指标，以研究心脏功能的变化；分别取左右房室肌（大鼠取全心）、窦房结、血管等作石蜡切片，并HE、Pollak、PTAH染色，以研究其病理组织学变化；取大鼠心室肌作超薄切片，电镜观测其超微结构的改变。结果发现，辐照后实验动物体温、心率未见明显变化；心电图波形异常，出现以S-T段压低和传导阻滞为主的变化；心肌酶谱出现以活性降低为主的紊乱性变化；辐照可对心肌纤维、窦房结、Purkinje细胞和血管壁等组织结构（包括超微结构）造成损伤。损伤累及全心，并以传导纤维的损伤更为严重。试验结果表明，高功率的脉冲微波可对实验动物心脏功能和结构造成明显损伤，心脏结构损伤和功能障碍均表现速发性、持续性和可缓慢恢复性的特点，损伤在一定范围内呈现剂量效应关系。  相似文献   

18.
A 2-year-old male Rottweiler was examined because of progressive weakness and muscular atrophy in the 4 limbs. Neurologically, the disease was characterized by hypoactive segmental reflexes without ataxia. Function of the cranial nerves was maintained. Electromyographic findings, nerve conduction velocity measurements, recordings of somatosensory-evoked potentials, and results of histologic examination of nerve and muscle biopsy specimens indicated a peripheral neuropathy. Rapid progression of the disease over a 4.5-month period was observed before the dog was euthanatized. Necropsy was performed, and the histopathologic findings confirmed peripheral neuropathy, which appeared to involve the peripheral myelin. An immune-mediated process was suspected.  相似文献   

19.
Behaviour, plasma cortisol and heart rate were measured in 4-6-week-old calves during and after dehorning with and without the use of sedation and analgesia. Six groups of eight Friesian male and female calves were studied; four groups were dehorned using an electrical cauterizing dehorner, heated to approximately 600 degrees C. In group 1, a cornual nerve block was performed and the animals were sham-dehorned using a cold dehorner. Group 2 was treated similarly but dehorned with the heated dehorner. Group 3 received a mixture of xylazine and butorphanol intramuscularly, and were hot dehorned 20 min after the injection. Group 4 received the same sedatives-analgesics as group 3, and after 5 min also had a cornual nerve block, followed by hot dehorning 15 min later. Group 5 was hot dehorned without any form of sedation or analgesia. A sixth group of calves without any treatment or handling was used as controls for the behavioural observations.Head and leg movements during dehorning were significantly reduced when the cornual nerve was blocked. During the 4 h after dehorning, the behaviour of calves having a cornual block continued to differ from those in group 5. The cornual block prevented short-term increases in plasma cortisol concentrations and the long-term increases in heart rate seen in group 5. It was concluded that routine field use of local analgesia using a cornual nerve block improved the welfare of young calves subjected to dehorning with a hot iron.  相似文献   

20.
In humans, and certain animals, the atrioventricular conduction system is capable of bidirectional conduction. Depolarization impulses, originating in the ventricle itself, may thus be conducted in a retrograde direction towards the atria. Two common causes for this phenomenon of ventriculo-atrial (retrograde) conduction are premature ventricular complexes and ventricular pacing. The surface electrocardiogram can be used for the detection of such retrogradely conducted beats. The purpose of this study was to investigate the possibility of ventriculo-atrial conduction in Dorper sheep. Premature ventricular complexes in eight healthy Dorper wethers were induced and it was possible to document retrogradely conducted beats on the surface electrocardiogram in all of them. It is concluded that the Dorper sheep heart is capable of ventriculo-atrial conduction.  相似文献   

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