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1.
出口鲜切花的溴甲烷与二氧化碳气调熏蒸灭虫试验 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
使用溴甲烷和二氧化碳对15种切花及主要携带的蚜虫、蓟马、叶螨进行熏蒸试验.结果表明:在22℃条件下,熏蒸处理2h,35 g/m3、40 g/m3、45 g/m3可分别100%杀死蚜虫、蓟马、叶螨.45 g/m3对供试花卉品质有影响.溴甲烷配合二氧化碳对花卉害虫熏蒸处理结果表示,5%二氧化碳对澳甲烷熏蒸处理花卉害虫的效果有增效作用.在22℃下采用40 g/m3溴甲烷和5%二氧化碳处理2h能100%杀死鲜切花同时携带的蚜虫、蓟马、叶螨,且对供试花卉影响甚微. 相似文献
2.
木质包装集装箱溴甲烷检疫熏蒸技术研究 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5
对集装箱装运的出口货物木质包装进行了溴甲烷熏蒸试验 ,结果说明 ,当环境温度为 2～ 1 6℃时 ,采用溴甲烷投药剂量 80 g/m3 ,熏蒸 2 4h能够全部杀死黄斑星天牛幼虫 ,其CT值为 1 1 2 5 8～ 3345 3g h/m3 ;环境温度为 5～ 2 0℃时 ,采用 6 4g/m3 投药剂量 ,同样熏蒸 2 4h ,CT值为 1 2 1 0 8～ 1 51 0 8g h/m3 ,黄斑星天牛幼虫同样全部死亡。溴甲烷汽化后直接从集装箱门上部投药能够使药剂分布均匀。熏蒸结束后通风散气 2 4h ,集装箱到达美国后其内部溴甲烷残留气体浓度低于 5× 1 0 -6。 相似文献
3.
溴甲烷熏蒸处理鲜切花及其害虫的试验 总被引：1，自引：4，他引：1
使用溴甲烷对16种切花及主要携带的南美斑潜蝇、棉蚜、二斑叶螨及花蓟马等害虫进行熏蒸试验。结果表明：如仅带有蚜虫或蓟马，所有供试切花均可进行熏蒸处理；如带有叶螨或斑潜蝇，金鱼草、菊花和孔雀草不宜熏蒸，玫瑰、勿忘我、康乃馨、百合、马蹄莲、情人草、非洲菊、剑兰和石斛兰可以熏蒸，满天星、天堂鸟、橙菠萝和紫罗兰在21℃下以36g/m^3，1．5h处理，对品质有轻度影响，但可100％杀死叶螨及斑潜蝇的成虫、幼虫和蛹。由于斑潜蝇卵的耐药性比其它虫态要强，对带有斑潜蝇卵而耐药性较差的切花，可以在采收后于室温下放置1～3天，待卵孵化后再进行熏蒸处理。 相似文献
4.
苹果是我国的重要出口水果,山楂叶螨(Tetranychus viennensis Zacher)和桃蛀果蛾(Carposinasasakii Matsumura)在苹果主产区广泛分布,严重威胁我国苹果出口。为确定溴甲烷检疫处理山楂叶螨和桃蛀果蛾的技术指标,本文系统测定了一系列温度条件下溴甲烷对山楂叶螨成螨和富士苹果中桃蛀果蛾老熟幼虫的毒力,确定在5℃、10℃、15℃、20℃和25℃下,溴甲烷熏蒸山楂叶螨死亡率达到机率值9所需浓度时间乘积(CT值)分别为126.66、84.35、59.15、45.23和40.33mg.h/L,溴甲烷熏蒸桃蛀果蛾死亡率达到机率值9所需CT值分别为128.05、81.80、52.91、41.56和36.43mg.h/L。根据上述结果,建议采用10.0～14.9℃40g/m3 2h、15.0～19.9℃32g/m3 2h、20.0～24.9℃24g/m3 2h和大于25.0℃20g/m3 2h作为出口苹果的溴甲烷熏蒸处理技术指标。 相似文献
5.
试验设11~15℃、16~20℃、21~26℃3个温度区间,试验用苹果蠹蛾幼虫人工接种到樱桃上,分别用4种不同溴甲烷剂量进行处理,每个处理设5个重复,1个对照,试验在温控室的熏蒸桶中进行。结果表明,在11~15℃,溴甲烷剂量48 g/m3,熏蒸2h;16~20℃,溴甲烷剂量40 g/m3,熏蒸2h;21~26℃,溴甲烷剂量32g/m3,熏蒸2h,均能够100%杀死樱桃中苹果蠹蛾幼虫。考虑温度对樱桃品质的影响,建议将11~15℃、溴甲烷剂量48g/m3,熏蒸2h,作为溴甲烷熏蒸樱桃中苹果蠹蛾的技术参数。 相似文献
6.
黄斑星天牛硫酰氟检疫熏蒸技术研究 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
黄斑星天牛 (Anoplophoranobilis)硫酰氟熏蒸的毒力试验结果说明 ,当熏蒸时间为2 4h ,4.4℃、1 0 .0℃、1 5.5℃和 2 1 .1℃条件下推算出死亡机率值 9要求的CT值分别为70 0 4.2 0、3 2 96.97、974.63和 52 7.0 4g .h/m3;当熏蒸时间为 48h ,4.4℃和 2 1 .1℃分别为 2 82 8.2 2和 50 5.45g .h/m3。室内验证试验中 ,1 5.5℃和 2 1 .1℃投药剂量为 1 0 4g/m3,能够全部杀灭杨树携带的黄斑星天牛幼虫、蛹 ,以及芳香木蠹蛾东方亚种 (Cossuscossusorientalis)和杨干透翅蛾 (Spheciasiningensis)幼虫 ;而在 1 0℃以下 ,黄斑星天牛或芳香木蠹蛾东方亚种和杨干透翅蛾幼虫没有完全死亡。 相似文献
7.
为明确黄瓜新小绥螨对截形叶螨的潜在控制能力,在25℃±1℃,RH80%±5%,光照L//D=16 h//8 h条件下,研究了黄瓜新小绥螨对截形叶螨的捕食喜好及其自身干扰反应,并以截形叶螨为食组建了黄瓜新小绥螨生命表。结果表明,黄瓜新小绥螨最喜食截形叶螨的卵(Ci=0.25),其次为若螨(Ci=0.15),最不喜食雌成螨(Ci=-0.42);在截形叶螨密度保持不变时,黄瓜新小绥螨对截形叶螨的日捕食量随着其自身密度的增加而减小,其干扰反应方程为E=0.162 9P~(-0.480 8);以截形叶螨为食的黄瓜新小绥螨生命表参数分别为:净增殖率(R_0)为22.289 3,世代平均周期(T)为19.313 0 d,内禀增长率(r_m)为0.143 3,周限增长率(λ)为1.151 4,种群倍增时间(t)为4.836 2 d。 相似文献
8.
溴甲烷熏蒸对桃蛀果蛾的毒力作用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对溴甲烷熏蒸处理桃蛀果蛾结果进行机率值法分析,推算出在25℃温度条件下溴甲烷熏蒸处理1.5h和2h,达到桃蛀果蛾Carposina sasakii Matsumura幼虫死亡率99%的浓度时间乘积(CT值)分别为43.79g·h/m3和46.77 g·h/m3;15℃和10℃温度条件下熏蒸处理3h,达到桃蛀果蛾幼虫死亡率99%的溴甲烷浓度分别为50.84 g·h/m3和118.55 g·h/m3.研究表明,溴甲烷熏蒸对桃蛀果蛾幼虫的毒性作用随着溴甲烷熏蒸浓度的增加而增加,相同熏蒸剂浓度条件下,随着温度升高,溴甲烷熏蒸效果明显增加. 相似文献
9.
薰衣草油与肉桂油对朱砂叶螨的生物活性和行为分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为明确在室内条件下薰衣草油、肉桂油对朱砂叶螨Tetranychus cinnabarinus(Boisduval)的生物活性,采用喷雾、熏蒸法测定了薰衣草油和肉桂油对朱砂叶螨的触杀活性、产卵抑制活性和熏蒸活性,并分析了2种精油的亚致死剂量对雌成螨运动行为的影响。结果表明:与肉桂油相比,薰衣草油对朱砂叶螨的触杀活性较强,经浓度为1%的薰衣草油喷雾处理后,雌成螨、若螨24 h后的死亡率分别为64.07%和52.22%,LC_(50)分别为0.41%和0.89%;浓度为2%的薰衣草油对雌成螨产卵的抑制作用最强;与肉桂油相比,薰衣草油的熏蒸活性也较强,熏蒸雌成螨6、12和24 h后的死亡率分别为70.37%、85.19%和95.19%,LD_(50)分别为0.94、0.59和0.39μL;随精油剂量增加雌成螨运动轨迹紊乱,触壁反射活动减少,移动范围明显减小,而移动频率先升高后降低。研究表明,与肉桂油相比,在朱砂叶螨的生物防治中薰衣草油具有更高的应用价值。 相似文献
10.
为明确香茅精油微乳液对朱砂叶螨的生物活性及其解毒酶系活性的影响,采用熏蒸法测定香茅精油微乳液对朱砂叶螨的熏蒸活性及香茅精油微乳液亚致死剂量处理下朱砂叶螨的产卵情况、趋避情况及解毒酶系活性。结果表明,当剂量达到2.5 μL时,香茅精油微乳液处理下朱砂叶螨的死亡率达到80.37%以上;香茅精油微乳液熏蒸24 h时,其对朱砂叶螨的亚致死剂量LD10和LD30分别为0.082 μL和0.284 μL;香茅精油微乳液LD10和LD30处理24 h时,其对朱砂叶螨的产卵抑制率分别为76.30%和78.67%,对朱砂叶螨的趋避率分别为80.00%和88.00%;香茅精油微乳液LD10和LD30处理后,朱砂叶螨体内酯酶活性在0~8 h表现出激活作用,随后一直处于抑制状态,谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶活性一直处于激活状态,而多功能氧化酶活性处于抑制状态。表明香茅精油微乳液是一种很有前景的绿色杀螨剂。 相似文献
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中国绿洲及其可持续发展建设 总被引：16，自引：6，他引：16
本文以我国干旱区绿洲为对象 ,全面阐述了绿洲对干旱区社会经济发展的贡献 ;研究了干旱区地域系统并进行了绿洲区划 ;系统总结了绿洲的类型并从结构及功能上阐明了绿洲的基本特征 ;文章最后从建立高效可持续发展绿洲体系出发 ,探讨了 2 1世纪绿洲的发展目标和实现途径 相似文献
13.
Actinomycetes as plant pathogens 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Romano Locci 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1994,100(3-4):179-200
Biology, taxonomy, pathogenicity and control of plant disease inducing actinomycetes are reviewed. Recent progress in the study of potato, sweet potato, blueberry and fruit and forest tree diseases is illustrated. The role in potato scab pathogenesis of the newly discovered phytotoxins, thaxtomins, is discussed.Abbreviations ATCC
American Type Culture Collection, Rockville, Md, USA
- IMRU
Institute of Microbiology, Rutgers University, NJ, USA
- ISP
International Streptomyces Project
- PCNB
pentachloronitrobenzene
- 3,5-D
3,5-dichlorofenoxyacetic acid 相似文献
14.
J. M. Barnes 《国际虫害防治杂志》2013,59(1):2-8
Abstract A new bacterial disease of tobacco, not previously reported was found in Karnataka. Studies on the disease initiated to identify the causal agent the factors which predispose the plants to epidemics, and control of the disease, revealed that it occurs in epiphytotic form following heavy rains after the crop has been topped, and is more severe in thicker leaves. The primary source of inoculum is the soil, and secondary spread takes place by rainwater splashing from infected to healthy plants. The disease is found predominantly in beedi tobacco and causes severe damage to the crop resulting in economic loss in yield. The causal organism is Erwinia chrysanthemi. In vitro evaluation of chemicals showed that streptomycin sulphate + chlorotetra‐cycline (Streptocycline), streptomycin sulphate (Ambystrin) and streptomycin sulphate + oxytetracycline (Paushamycin) were effective in control of the bacterial disease. 相似文献
15.
Dose‐splitting or reduced dose repeat application, i.e. the application of a herbicide twice to the same plant, is likely to become a more common scenario in future, if farmers adopt the use of novel techniques for prediction of herbicide efficacy shortly after application. Fourteen pot experiments were conducted to study whether graminicides applied to annual grass weeds as dose‐splitting treatments were as effective as single applications. The influence of time interval between applications and the ratio of the doses of the two applications were studied. Two statistical approaches were applied: comparison of the ED90 of the single treatments and a joint action model. The study revealed that flupyrsulfuron, iodosulfuron, sulfosulfuron, clodinafop and glyphosate could be applied as repeat treatments with up to 14 days’ interval between the two applications without loss of activity. In some experiments, particularly with iodosulfuron, dose‐splitting enhanced herbicide performance. By contrast, prosulfocarb responded adversely, most likely due to the pronounced impact of weed growth stage on the activity of this herbicide. The ratio of the doses and the timing between the two applications had no significant influence on herbicide responses. The results of the present studies showed that even if a reduced dose of a graminicide results in an unsatisfactory control and it is necessary to re‐spray, the overall use of herbicide will not increase, if methods are available that can predict the efficacy of a herbicide application within the first 1–2 weeks after application. 相似文献
16.
黄土区坡面水肥条件与植被建设 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4
在对黄土区坡耕地资源、坡面水肥资源分布和植被现状分析的基础上 ,指出在坡面上进行植被建设应根据水分和养分的植物承载能力来确定适宜的植物种类和植被建设方案时建议采取综合技术措施进行植树种草 ,最后初步提出了黄土区坡面进行植被建设的技术模式。 相似文献
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Yeasts are potential antagonists of microorganisms in the phyllosphere. Due to their osmotolerance, they should also be able to colonize apple flowers. In field experiments, we applied yeast agents against fireblight at two different sites in the southern part of Germany. They showed efficiencies 0–20% below Plantomycin (streptomycin). Co-culture experiments in liquid basal media with synthetic nectar resulted in suppression of Erwinia amylovora by yeast. This effect could not be confirmed with population studies of yeasts and E. amylovora in flower clusters. Field and laboratory experiments indicated that yeasts have antagonistic properties against fireblight but further research is needed to investigate this potential. 相似文献
19.
In not experiments with Agropyron repens, Stellaria media and dwarf bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), several acids which are complexing agents enhanced the effects of glyphosate and dichlorprop. Both herbicides were activated by orthophosphoric citric, tartaric, lactic, oxalic and glycollic acids. Other acids which are not complexing agents had little or no effect. Sodium or ammonium salts often acted like the parent acids. Glyphosate activity was increased by EDTA while dichlorprop effects were enhanced by FDTA, NTA and polyphosphates. It is suggested that activation was due to interactions with calcium or other metallic ions, which would otherwise immobilize the herbicides. In field experiments, orthophosphoric or oxalic acids increased the effects of glyphosate on Agrophron bud viability. Ammonium sulphate had a similar effect. However, in contrast to glasshouse experiments, most three-way mixtures of an acid, ammonium sulphate glyphosate wer antagonistic. Les agents complexants en tant qu adjuvants pour les herbicides Dans des experiences en pots avec Agropyron repens, Stellariamedia et des haricots (Phaseolus vulgaris), plusieurs acides qui sont des agents complexants out augmenté l'activitié du glyphosate et du dichlorprop. Ces deux herbicides ont été activés par les acides orthophosphorique, citrique, tartrique, lactique, oxalique et glycollique. D'autres acides, qui ne sont pas des agents complexants, n'ont eu que peu ou pasd'effet. Les sels de sodium ou d'ammonium présentent souvent la méme activité que les acides don't ils dérivent. L'activite du glyphosate a été accrue par l'EDTA, cependant que les effets du dichloprop ont augmenté avec l'EDTA, le NTA et les polyphosphates. II est suggéré que cette activation était due aux interactions avec le calcium ou d'autres ions métalliques qui pourraient, par ailleurs, immobiliser les herbicides. Dans des expériences au champ, les acides orthophosphorique ou oxalique ont augmenté les effets du glyphosate sur la viabilité des bourgeons d'Agropyron. Le sulfate d'ammonium a eu en effet similaire. Toutefois, en opposition avec les expériences en serre, la plupart des mélanges ternaries d'un acide, de sulfate d'ammonium et de glyphosate se sont révélés antagonists. Komplxbildner als Additive für Herbizide In Gefässversuchen mit Agropyron repens, Stellaria media und Phasealus vulgaris wurde die Wirkung von Glyphosat und Diehlorprop durch komplexbildende Säuren verstärkt. Beide Herbizide wurden a tiviert durch: ortho-Phosphor. Zitronen, Wein, Milch-, Oxal- und Glykolsäure. Andere Säuren, die micht komplexbildend sind, wirkten nur schwach oder gar nicht. Natrium-oder Ammoniumsalze wirkten häufig wie die entsprechenden Säuren. Die Aktivität von Glyphosat wurde durch EDTA verstärkt, während die Wirkung von Dichlorprop durch EDTA, NTA und durch Polyphosphate verbessert wurde. Es wird vermutet, dass die bessere Wirkung in Interaklionen mit Kalzium oder anderern Metallionen zu suchen ist, die sonst die Herbizide immobilisieren. In Feldversuchen wurde durch ortho-Phosphorsäure und Oxalsäure die Wirkung von Glyphosat auf die Lebensfähigkeit von Agropyron-Knospen erhöht. Ammoniumsulfat wirkte ähnlich Im Gegensatz zu Versuchen im Gewächshaus wirkien aber die meisten Dreikomponenten Mischungen von Säure. Ammoniumsulfat und Glyphosat, antagonistisch 相似文献
20.
Mohammed Y. Khdiar Treena I. Burgess Paul A. Barber Giles E. St.J. Hardy 《Plant pathology》2023,72(1):112-119
Species in the genus Phytophthora cause significant economic losses in crops and damage to forests and natural ecosystems worldwide. Currently, phosphite is the most effective chemical for disease management, but excessive phosphite concentrations can result in phytotoxicity in plants and the development of tolerance by the pathogen. Two newly developed metal chelates and phosphite (alone and in combination) were tested for their in vitro and in planta efficacy against Phytophthora cinnamomi. In glasshouse trials, 0.25% and 0.5% of each chemical treatment (phosphite, Ca chelate, Zn chelate) and Ca chelate + phosphite were used as a foliar application on 3-month-old seedlings of Banksia grandis (experiment not repeated) and Eucalyptus marginata, prior to inoculation with P. cinnamomi. All noninoculated control plants remained healthy, while significant root damage and reduction of dry root weights were observed for inoculated untreated plants. Individually, phosphite and Ca chelate significantly reduced root lesion development of P. cinnamomi compared to the control, with Ca chelate attaining superior results to phosphite at the same concentration. In combination, Ca chelate + phosphite had the largest reduction in root lesion development in both plant species; however, this result has not yet been replicated but did reflect previous in vitro results. The Zn chelate applications were not effective. Ca chelate has the potential to be developed as a fungicide to control Phytophthora species. 相似文献