共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
The self-renewing ability of a stem cell is controlled by its specialized micro-environment or niche, whereas epigenetic regulation of gene expression by chromatin remodeling factors underlies cell fate determination. Here we report that the adenosine triphosphate-dependent chromatin remodeling factors ISWI and DOM control germline stem cell and somatic stem cell self-renewal in the Drosophila ovary, respectively. The iswi mutant germline stem cells are lost rapidly because of defects in responding to bone morphogenetic protein niche signals and in repressing differentiation, whereas the dom mutant somatic stem cells are lost because of defective self-renewal. This work demonstrates that different stem cell types can use different chromatin remodeling factors to control cell self-renewal. 相似文献
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Stem cells reside in specialized niches that provide signals required for their maintenance and division. Tissue-extrinsic signals can also modify stem cell activity, although this is poorly understood. Here, we report that neural-derived Drosophila insulin-like peptides (DILPs) directly regulate germline stem cell division rate, demonstrating that signals mediating the ovarian response to nutritional input can modify stem cell activity in a niche-independent manner. We also reveal a crucial direct role of DILPs in controlling germline cyst growth and vitellogenesis. 相似文献
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During animal development, cells become progressively more restricted in the cell types to which they can give rise. In the central nervous system (CNS), for example, multipotential stem cells produce various kinds of specified precursors that divide a limited number of times before they terminally differentiate into either neurons or glial cells. We show here that certain extracellular signals can induce oligodendrocyte precursor cells to revert to multipotential neural stem cells, which can self-renew and give rise to neurons and astrocytes, as well as to oligodendrocytes. Thus, these precursor cells have greater developmental potential than previously thought. 相似文献
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Adult stem cells often divide asymmetrically to produce one self-renewed stem cell and one differentiating cell, thus maintaining both populations. The asymmetric outcome of stem cell divisions can be specified by an oriented spindle and local self-renewal signals from the stem cell niche. Here we show that developmentally programmed asymmetric behavior and inheritance of mother and daughter centrosomes underlies the stereotyped spindle orientation and asymmetric outcome of stem cell divisions in the Drosophila male germ line. The mother centrosome remains anchored near the niche while the daughter centrosome migrates to the opposite side of the cell before spindle formation. 相似文献
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Meng X Lindahl M Hyvönen ME Parvinen M de Rooij DG Hess MW Raatikainen-Ahokas A Sainio K Rauvala H Lakso M Pichel JG Westphal H Saarma M Sariola H 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2000,287(5457):1489-1493
The molecular control of self-renewal and differentiation of stem cells has remained enigmatic. Transgenic loss-of-function and overexpression models now show that the dosage of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), produced by Sertoli cells, regulates cell fate decisions of undifferentiated spermatogonial cells that include the stem cells for spermatogenesis. Gene-targeted mice with one GDNF-null allele show depletion of stem cell reserves, whereas mice overexpressing GDNF show accumulation of undifferentiated spermatogonia. They are unable to respond properly to differentiation signals and undergo apoptosis upon retinoic acid treatment. Nonmetastatic testicular tumors are regularly formed in older GDNF-overexpressing mice. Thus, GDNF contributes to paracrine regulation of spermatogonial self-renewal and differentiation. 相似文献
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Stem cell self-renewal can be specified by local signals from the surrounding microenvironment, or niche. However, the relation between the niche and the mechanisms that ensure the correct balance between stem cell self-renewal and differentiation is poorly understood. Here, we show that dividing Drosophila male germline stem cells use intracellular mechanisms involving centrosome function and cortically localized Adenomatous Polyposis Coli tumor suppressor protein to orient mitotic spindles perpendicular to the niche, ensuring a reliably asymmetric outcome in which one daughter cell remains in the niche and self-renews stem cell identity, whereas the other, displaced away, initiates differentiation. 相似文献
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目的:探讨小鼠胚胎中脑分离神经干细胞的体外培养方法,以获取高纯度的神经干细胞,为神经干细胞的深入研究提供试验材料。方法:无菌条件下分离孕12~13 d小鼠胚胎中脑曲,制成单细胞悬液,碱性成纤维生长因子(bFGF)和B27存在的培养基中培养扩增,通过免疫细胞化学染色鉴定神经干细胞及子代细胞的分化方向,流式细胞术检测TH阳性神经元比例。结果:培养的部分细胞体外分裂增殖,同时表达神经干细胞特异性抗原nestin,并向神经细胞和胶质细胞分化并经流式细胞仪检测自然分化为多巴胺能神经元的比例为3.25%。结论:小鼠胚脑中脑存在具有多分化潜能的神经干细胞,它们能在体外稳定培养、传代和分化。 相似文献
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Vogel G 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2000,290(5497):1672-1674
On pages 1775 and 1779, independent research teams describe experiments in which bone marrow cells became neuronlike cells in the brain, providing new evidence for the versatility of adult stem cells. But ample uncertainties must be resolved before such results can be translated into therapeutics. The most important next step, say several stem cell researchers, is to identify the molecular processes that underlie the impressive feats of stem cells, as many of the purported breakthroughs are simply observations. 相似文献
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Chamberlain JR Schwarze U Wang PR Hirata RK Hankenson KD Pace JM Underwood RA Song KM Sussman M Byers PH Russell DW 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2004,303(5661):1198-1201
Adult stem cells offer the potential to treat many diseases through a combination of ex vivo genetic manipulation and autologous transplantation. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs, also referred to as marrow stromal cells) are adult stem cells that can be isolated as proliferating, adherent cells from bones. MSCs can differentiate into multiple cell types present in several tissues, including bone, fat, cartilage, and muscle, making them ideal candidates for a variety of cell-based therapies. Here, we have used adeno-associated virus vectors to disrupt dominant-negative mutant COL1A1 collagen genes in MSCs from individuals with the brittle bone disorder osteogenesis imperfecta, demonstrating successful gene targeting in adult human stem cells. 相似文献
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通过转入特定基因能诱导体细胞重编程成为多能干细胞(Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells,iPSCs),这项技术为干细胞的研究和应用带来了革命性的变化,对于解决长期困扰干细胞研究领域的伦理困境和免疫排斥等问题具有重大意义。然而,目前iPSCs技术本身还不完善,面临致癌性、效率低、以病毒为载体的安全性问题以及移植后存活率低等诸多问题。主要从iPSCs的产生和筛选、应用前景及其存在的问题等3个方面进行了综述,以期为今后关于这方面的研究提供参考。 相似文献
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Primordial germ cells (PGCs) are regarded as unipotent cells that can produce only either spermatogonia or oocytes. However, PGCs can be converted into the pluripotent state by first dedifferentiation to embryonic germ cells and then by reprogramming to induce them to become pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). These two stages can be completely implemented with mouse cells. However, authentic porcine iPSCs have not been established. Here, we discuss recent advances in the stem cell field for obtaining iPSCs from PGCs. This knowledge will provide some clues which will contribute to the regulation of reprogramming to pluripotency in farm species. 相似文献
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Lhx2 maintains stem cell character in hair follicles 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
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Derivation of oocytes from mouse embryonic stem cells 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Hübner K Fuhrmann G Christenson LK Kehler J Reinbold R De La Fuente R Wood J Strauss JF Boiani M Schöler HR 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2003,300(5623):1251-1256
Continuation of mammalian species requires the formation and development of the sexually dimorphic germ cells. Cultured embryonic stem cells are generally considered pluripotent rather than totipotent because of the failure to detect germline cells under differentiating conditions. Here we show that mouse embryonic stem cells in culture can develop into oogonia that enter meiosis, recruit adjacent cells to form follicle-like structures, and later develop into blastocysts. Oogenesis in culture should contribute to various areas, including nuclear transfer and manipulation of the germ line, and advance studies on fertility treatment and germ and somatic cell interaction and differentiation. 相似文献
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Tropepe V Coles BL Chiasson BJ Horsford DJ Elia AJ McInnes RR van der Kooy D 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2000,287(5460):2032-2036
The mature mammalian retina is thought to lack regenerative capacity. Here, we report the identification of a stem cell in the adult mouse eye, which represents a possible substrate for retinal regeneration. Single pigmented ciliary margin cells clonally proliferate in vitro to form sphere colonies of cells that can differentiate into retinal-specific cell types, including rod photoreceptors, bipolar neurons, and Müller glia. Adult retinal stem cells are localized to the pigmented ciliary margin and not to the central and peripheral retinal pigmented epithelium, indicating that these cells may be homologous to those found in the eye germinal zone of other nonmammalian vertebrates. 相似文献
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Wakayama T Tabar V Rodriguez I Perry AC Studer L Mombaerts P 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2001,292(5517):740-743
Embryonic stem (ES) cells are fully pluripotent in that they can differentiate into all cell types, including gametes. We have derived 35 ES cell lines via nuclear transfer (ntES cell lines) from adult mouse somatic cells of inbred, hybrid, and mutant strains. ntES cells contributed to an extensive variety of cell types, including dopaminergic and serotonergic neurons in vitro and germ cells in vivo. Cloning by transfer of ntES cell nuclei could result in normal development of fertile adults. These studies demonstrate the full pluripotency of ntES cells. 相似文献
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胚胎干细胞(Embryonicstemcells,ES细胞)是从早期胚胎内细胞团(innercellmassICM)或原始生殖细胞(Primordialgermcells,PGCs)经体外分化抑制培养分离克隆的。ES细胞在动物克隆、转基因动物生产、细胞工程、组织工程、临床克隆治疗和发育生物学等的研究应用中起着重要的作用。本文介绍了胚胎干细胞的生物学特性,国内外研究进展和研究动态。阐明了建立ES细胞系的技术要点以及ES细胞的应用及发展前景。 相似文献
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精原干细胞的增殖分化及其在畜牧业上的应用 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
精原干细胞（Spermatogonial stem cells,SSCs）是指位于睾丸曲细精管基膜上,既能自我更新以维持自身群体数量恒定,又能定向分化形成精母细胞,最终形成精子的一类成体干细胞。鉴于SSCs独具的生物学特性,其在于细胞生物学、医学、畜牧业等领域具有重要价值。通过其建立转基因动物模型,对研究精子的发生机制、重建不育个体的生精功能等有着重要意义。笔者对哺乳动物SSCs的形态特性,增殖分化特性及其调控因素,以及SSCs在畜牧业中的应用进行了综述。 相似文献