共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
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The autonomic nervous system, which includes the sympathetic neurons and adrenal medulla, originates from the neural crest. Combining avian blood vessel-specific gene manipulation and mouse genetics, we addressed a long-standing question of how neural crest cells (NCCs) generate sympathetic and medullary lineages during embryogenesis. We found that the dorsal aorta acts as a morphogenetic signaling center that coordinates NCC migration and cell lineage segregation. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) produced by the dorsal aorta are critical for the production of the chemokine stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF -1) and Neuregulin 1 in the para-aortic region, which act as chemoattractants for early migration. Later, BMP signaling is directly involved in the sympatho-medullary segregation. This study provides insights into the complex developmental signaling cascade that instructs one of the earliest events of neurovascular interactions guiding embryonic development. 相似文献
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Cordenonsi M Montagner M Adorno M Zacchigna L Martello G Mamidi A Soligo S Dupont S Piccolo S 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2007,315(5813):840-843
During development and tissue homeostasis, cells must integrate different signals. We investigated how cell behavior is controlled by the combined activity of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) and receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) signaling, whose integration mechanism is unknown. We find that RTK/Ras/MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) activity induces p53 N-terminal phosphorylation, enabling the interaction of p53 with the TGF-beta-activated Smads. This mechanism confines mesoderm specification in Xenopus embryos and promotes TGF-beta cytostasis in human cells. These data indicate a mechanism to allow extracellular cues to specify the TGF-beta gene-expression program. 相似文献
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Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) signaling is mediated by a complex of type I (TBRI) and type II (TBRII) receptors. The type III receptor (TBRIII) lacks a recognizable signaling domain and has no clearly defined role in TGF-beta signaling. Cardiac endothelial cells that undergo epithelial-mesenchymal transformation express TBRIII, and here TBRIII-specific antisera were found to inhibit mesenchyme formation and migration in atrioventricular cushion explants. Misexpression of TBRIII in nontransforming ventricular endothelial cells conferred transformation in response to TGF-beta2. These results support a model where TBRIII localizes transformation in the heart and plays an essential, nonredundant role in TGF-beta signaling. 相似文献
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Bhowmick NA Chytil A Plieth D Gorska AE Dumont N Shappell S Washington MK Neilson EG Moses HL 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2004,303(5659):848-851
Stromal cells can have a significant impact on the carcinogenic process in adjacent epithelia. The role of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) signaling in such epithelial-mesenchymal interactions was determined by conditional inactivation of the TGF-beta type II receptor gene in mouse fibroblasts (Tgfbr2fspKO). The loss of TGF-beta responsiveness in fibroblasts resulted in intraepithelial neoplasia in prostate and invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the forestomach, both associated with an increased abundance of stromal cells. Activation of paracrine hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) signaling was identified as one possible mechanism for stimulation of epithelial proliferation. Thus, TGF-beta signaling in fibroblasts modulates the growth and oncogenic potential of adjacent epithelia in selected tissues. 相似文献
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【目的】体外真核表达梅花鹿（Cervus nippon）激活素 A重组蛋白并测定其生物活性,为进一步明确激活素 A在梅花鹿卵母细胞体外成熟过程中的生理学功能提供基础。【方法】利用RT-PCR技术克隆梅花鹿激活素βA (Activin βA, ACTBA)亚基基因的cDNA 全长序列,同时利用生物信息学对梅花鹿激活素βA的基因特征进行分析。在NCBI 数据库下载其他物种激活素βA同源序列,利用Clustalx和MEGA 4 软件进行同源比对并构建进化树。构建pcDNA4/ACTBA重组质粒并转染至CHO细胞内,进行目的蛋白的体外表达。采用免疫荧光及Western blot 技术对目的蛋白表达情况进行检测,并通过Ni-NTA 亲和层析柱对蛋白产物进行纯化。采用Western blot检测了梅花鹿激活素 A重组蛋白处理后的猪颗粒细胞中的SMAD2和SMAD3的磷酸化水平。最后采用荧光定量PCR及Western blot检测了梅花鹿激活素 A重组蛋白处理后的猪颗粒细胞中类固醇激素合成相关酶的表达量。【结果】克隆得到的梅花鹿ACTBA亚基基因含有1 278 bp 的碱基,编码426个氨基酸。同源性比较发现梅花鹿ACTBA基因与牛的ACTBA基因同源性最高达98.4%同源。进化分析表明该基因与同为偶蹄目动物的反刍兽牛和山羊亲缘关系最为接近。经酶切、PCR和测序方法鉴定,成功构建真核表达质粒pcDNA4/ACTBA。免疫荧光显示该质粒在CHO细胞中主要定位在细胞质。Western blot 结果显示激活素 A的前体蛋白分子量约为58 kD左右。镍亲和层析纯化后的激活素 A重组蛋白显著增加SMAD2和SMAD3的磷酸化,表明激活素 A可以激活SMAD信号通路。同时成熟的激活素 A重组蛋白可以诱导猪颗粒细胞芳香化酶(Aromatase)蛋白表达量上调,类固醇生成急性调节蛋白(steroidogenic acute regulatory protein, StAR)表达量下调,FSH受体基因表达量升高,LH受体基因表达量降低,但胆固醇侧链裂解酶(Cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme, CYP11A1 or P450scc)及3β-羟基类固醇脱氢酶(3β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, 3β-HSD)基因表达量不变。结果表明梅花鹿激活素 A重组蛋白可以增强FSH对颗粒细胞的生物学作用,也可以减弱LH对颗粒细胞的生物学作用。【结论】成功构建了激活素 A蛋白的真核表达载体,并获得了较高纯度的、具有生物学活性的梅花鹿激活素 A重组蛋白,为下一步激活素 A蛋白的生物学功能和生理学机制研究奠定了基础。 相似文献
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Absence of TGF-beta receptors and growth inhibitory responses in retinoblastoma cells 总被引：22，自引：0，他引：22
A Kimchi X F Wang R A Weinberg S Cheifetz J Massagué 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1988,240(4849):196-199
The responses of retinoblastoma tumor cells and normal retinal cells to various growth inhibitory factors were examined. Whereas fetal retinal cells were highly sensitive to the antimitogenic effects of transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-beta 1), retinoblastoma tumor cell lines were all resistant to this factor. Binding assays and affinity labeling of these cells with radioiodinated TGF-beta 1 revealed that the cells did not have TGF-beta receptors. The retinoblastoma cells lacked the three affinity-labeled proteins of 65, 95, and 300 kilodaltons typically seen in human cell lines and thus differed from normal retinal cells and from other types of neuroectodermal tumors that display the normal pattern of receptors. Loss of TGF-beta receptors, which is a rare event among tumor cells, may represent one mechanism through which these cells escape from negative control and form retinoblastomas. 相似文献
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Tang W Kim TW Oses-Prieto JA Sun Y Deng Z Zhu S Wang R Burlingame AL Wang ZY 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2008,321(5888):557-560
Brassinosteroids (BRs) bind to the extracellular domain of the receptor kinase BRI1 to activate a signal transduction cascade that regulates nuclear gene expression and plant development. Many components of the BR signaling pathway have been identified and studied in detail. However, the substrate of BRI1 kinase that transduces the signal to downstream components remains unknown. Proteomic studies of plasma membrane proteins lead to the identification of three homologous BR-signaling kinases (BSK1, BSK2, and BSK3). The BSKs are phosphorylated by BRI1 in vitro and interact with BRI1 in vivo. Genetic and transgenic studies demonstrate that the BSKs represent a small family of kinases that activate BR signaling downstream of BRI1. These results demonstrate that BSKs are the substrates of BRI1 kinase that activate downstream BR signal transduction. 相似文献
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Ruijuan Li Chengjin Guo Xiaojuan Li Juntao Gu Wenjing Lu Kai Xiao 《Frontiers of Agriculture in China》2011,5(2):187-195
Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade plays a central role in transfer information from diverse receptors/sensors
to a wide range of cellular responses in plants. MAP kinases are organized into a complex network for efficient transmission
of specific stimuli, including the abiotic stress signaling. In recent years, the mutants of loss-offunction and gain-of-function,
and other additional tools are used to investigate the plant MAPK cascades. This review has summarized the recent progress
on the MAPK cascade involved in mediation of the transduction of several pronounced abiotic stress signalings, such as salt,
drought, low and high temperature, wound, hormone, and deficient nutrients. Currently, although part of the components of
the MAPK cascade responding to the abiotic stresses have been identified, the integral molecular mechanisms of the abiotic
stresses signaling transduction mediated viaMAPK cascade are largely unknown and need to be elucidated further in the future. 相似文献
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Habashi JP Judge DP Holm TM Cohn RD Loeys BL Cooper TK Myers L Klein EC Liu G Calvi C Podowski M Neptune ER Halushka MK Bedja D Gabrielson K Rifkin DB Carta L Ramirez F Huso DL Dietz HC 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2006,312(5770):117-121
Aortic aneurysm and dissection are manifestations of Marfan syndrome (MFS), a disorder caused by mutations in the gene that encodes fibrillin-1. Selected manifestations of MFS reflect excessive signaling by the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) family of cytokines. We show that aortic aneurysm in a mouse model of MFS is associated with increased TGF-beta signaling and can be prevented by TGF-beta antagonists such as TGF-beta-neutralizing antibody or the angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1) blocker, losartan. AT1 antagonism also partially reversed noncardiovascular manifestations of MFS, including impaired alveolar septation. These data suggest that losartan, a drug already in clinical use for hypertension, merits investigation as a therapeutic strategy for patients with MFS and has the potential to prevent the major life-threatening manifestation of this disorder. 相似文献
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Chen W Kirkbride KC How T Nelson CD Mo J Frederick JP Wang XF Lefkowitz RJ Blobe GC 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2003,301(5638):1394-1397
beta-Arrestins bind to activated seven transmembrane-spanning (7TMS) receptors (G protein-coupled receptors) after the receptors are phosphorylated by G protein-coupled receptor kinases (GRKs), thereby regulating their signaling and internalization. Here, we demonstrate an unexpected and analogous role of beta-arrestin 2 (betaarr2) for the single transmembrane-spanning type III transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) receptor (TbetaRIII, also referred to as betaglycan). Binding of betaarr2 to TbetaRIII was also triggered by phosphorylation of the receptor on its cytoplasmic domain (likely at threonine 841). However, such phosphorylation was mediated by the type II TGF-beta receptor (TbetaRII), which is itself a kinase, rather than by a GRK. Association with betaarr2 led to internalization of both receptors and down-regulation of TGF-beta signaling. Thus, the regulatory actions of beta-arrestins are broader than previously appreciated, extending to the TGF-beta receptor family as well. 相似文献
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Target protectors reveal dampening and balancing of Nodal agonist and antagonist by miR-430 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) repress hundreds of target messenger RNAs (mRNAs), but the physiological roles of specific miRNA-mRNA interactions remain largely elusive. We report that zebrafish microRNA-430 (miR-430) dampens and balances the expression of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) Nodal agonist squint and the TGF-beta Nodal antagonist lefty. To disrupt the interaction of specific miRNA-mRNA pairs, we developed target protector morpholinos complementary to miRNA binding sites in target mRNAs. Protection of squint or lefty mRNAs from miR-430 resulted in enhanced or reduced Nodal signaling, respectively. Simultaneous protection of squint and lefty or absence of miR-430 caused an imbalance and reduction in Nodal signaling. These findings establish an approach to analyze the in vivo roles of specific miRNA-mRNA pairs and reveal a requirement for miRNAs in dampening and balancing agonist/antagonist pairs. 相似文献
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Cell-cell fusion is fundamental to the development and physiology of multicellular organisms, but little is known of its mechanistic underpinnings. Recent studies have revealed that many proteins involved in cell-cell fusion are also required for seemingly unrelated cellular processes such as phagocytosis, cell migration, axon growth, and synaptogenesis. We review advances in understanding cell-cell fusion by contrasting it with virus-cell and intracellular vesicle fusion. We also consider how proteins involved in general aspects of membrane dynamics have been co-opted to control fusion of diverse cell types by coupling with specialized proteins involved in cell-cell recognition, adhesion, and signaling. 相似文献
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Pouysségur J 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2000,290(5496):1515-1518
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Acharya U Patel S Koundakjian E Nagashima K Han X Acharya JK 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2003,299(5613):1740-1743
Mutations in proteins of the Drosophila phototransduction cascade, a prototypic guanine nucleotide-binding protein-coupled receptor signaling system, lead to retinal degeneration and have been used as models to understand human degenerative disorders. Here, modulating the sphingolipid biosynthetic pathway rescued retinal degeneration in Drosophila mutants. Targeted expression of Drosophila neutral ceramidase rescued retinal degeneration in arrestin and phospholipase C mutants. Decreasing flux through the de novo sphingolipid biosynthetic pathway also suppressed degeneration in these mutants. Both genetic backgrounds modulated the endocytic machinery because they suppressed defects in a dynamin mutant. Suppression of degeneration in arrestin mutant flies expressing ceramidase correlated with a decrease in ceramide levels. Thus, enzymes of sphingolipid metabolism may be suitable targets in the therapeutic management of retinal degeneration. 相似文献
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【目的】研究SMAD2在Activin A促进人胚胎干细胞向限定性内胚层诱导分化中的作用。【方法】在人胚胎干细胞中转染SMAD2基因siRNA或者过表达质粒后,收集经Activin A分别诱导0,6,12,24,48,72,96和120 h的细胞各100 ng/mL,采用实时定量PCR检测SMAD2 与内中胚层共同前体标记Brachyury和内胚层标记Sox17的表达,进一步通过Western-blot分析Activin A诱导中SMAD2和磷酸化SMAD2（p-SMAD2）表达的变化。【结果】在Activin A诱导人胚胎干细胞向限定性内胚层细胞分化的过程中,干扰SMAD2 后48 h时才检测到Brachyury强表达,而单纯Activin A处理组24 h就检测到强表达;Sox17的表达始终较单纯Activin A处理组明显降低,因此,干扰SMAD2直接抑制了Activin A的诱导作用。而过表达SMAD2,Brachyury和Sox17的表达水平较单纯Activin A处理组明显增加,促进了限定性内胚层的发生;并且在Activin A诱导过程中,p-SMAD2的表达水平明显提高,而SMAD2的表达没有明显改变。【结论】SMAD2作为关键因子,介导了Activin A诱导人胚胎干细胞向限定性内胚层的分化,并转录调控Brachyury和Sox17的表达;SMAD2的磷酸化,激活并介导了Activin A诱导的信号转导通路。 相似文献
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Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) and TGF-beta-related proteins, such as the bone morphogenetic proteins, have emerged as key regulators of stem cell renewal and differentiation. These proteins have disparate roles in regulating the biology of embryonic stem cells and tumor suppression, and they help define the selection of cell fate and the progression of differentiation along a lineage. Here we illustrate their roles in embryonic stem cells and in the differentiation of neural, hematopoietic, mesenchymal, and gastrointestinal epithelial stem cells. 相似文献
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Novel regulators of bone formation: molecular clones and activities 总被引：158，自引：0，他引：158
J M Wozney V Rosen A J Celeste L M Mitsock M J Whitters R W Kriz R M Hewick E A Wang 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1988,242(4885):1528-1534
Protein extracts derived from bone can initiate the process that begins with cartilage formation and ends in de novo bone formation. The critical components of this extract, termed bone morphogenetic protein (BMP), that direct cartilage and bone formation as well as the constitutive elements supplied by the animal during this process have long remained unclear. Amino acid sequence has been derived from a highly purified preparation of BMP from bovine bone. Now, human complementary DNA clones corresponding to three polypeptides present in this BMP preparation have been isolated, and expression of the recombinant human proteins have been obtained. Each of the three (BMP-1, BMP-2A, and BMP-3) appears to be independently capable of inducing the formation of cartilage in vivo. Two of the encoded proteins (BMP-2A and BMP-3) are new members of the TGF-beta supergene family, while the third, BMP-1, appears to be a novel regulatory molecule. 相似文献