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1.
为探讨日粮添加产朊假丝酵母菌(Candida utilis)对肉牛育肥增重性能的影响,选取15月龄体重(376.53±30.31)kg的新疆褐牛与哈萨克牛杂交F1代公牛30头,随机分为对照组(CT)与产朊假丝酵母菌组(CU),CT组饲喂全混合日粮(TMR),CU组在TMR中按10 g/100 kg体重添加产朊假丝酵母菌粉剂(活菌数≥4×109 CFU/g)。饲养期为120 d,每隔30 d测定TMR剩料粒度、体重变化,并采用粪筛对粪样分布进行粒度分析。结果表明:在TMR投料配方比例与制作粒度保持不变的情况下,随着育肥期的延长,宾州筛第1层(粒径>19 mm)比例下降,说明添加产朊假丝酵母菌可以提高肉牛对长粗饲料的采食;15月龄肉牛体重变化随饲养天数呈一元线性增长模式;CU组平均干物质采食量(DMI)比CT组降低9.9%(P<0.05);CU组平均耗料增重比(F/G)比CT组下降了15.4%(P<0.05),日增重(ADG)有所提高(P>0.05),说明CU组可以提高饲料转化效率;CU组胴体重高于CT组4.2%(P<0.05),但屠宰率无显著差异;利用粪筛对CU组与CT组粪便粒径分析,中上层比例有所降低表明CU组肉牛对TMR中饲料颗粒消化更加充分。综上所述,日粮添加产朊假丝酵母可以提高15月龄肉牛对TMR中长纤维的采食,DMI降低9.9%,F/G降低15.4%,胴体重提高4.2%。 相似文献
2.
甜菜糖蜜是新疆地区肉牛育肥重要的液体能量饲料资源。本试验旨在研究日粮添加甜菜糖蜜提高能量进食水平对新疆褐牛增重性能和瘤胃发酵的影响。试验选取15月龄、体重(340±5.7) kg的新疆褐牛杂交公牛69头,随机分为对照组(n=35)与试验组(n=34),采用全混合日粮(TMR)饲喂,饲养试验期145 d,对照组日粮中添加3.6%甜菜糖蜜,试验组在对照组日基础上增加10%甜菜糖蜜,对照组与试验组日粮代谢能分别为10.0、13.1 MJ/kg。结果表明:试验组TMR投料宾州筛第3层(>1.18 mm)饲料比例显著高于对照组,其他各层差异不显著;试验组宾州筛第1和2层TMR剩料比例较对照组显著下降,而第3层剩料比例显著升高,表明糖蜜添加后可提高肉牛日粮中麦秸、苜蓿干草摄入量;试验组增加甜菜糖蜜虽然没有改变肉牛干物质采食量,但显著提高了蛋白质进食量;在整个育肥期内,对照组与试验组肉牛体重均呈线性增长模式,试验组平均日增重显著高于对照组(1.21 kg/d vs 1.13 kg/d);尽管对照组与试验组肉牛屠宰率差异不显著,但试验组的耗料增重比显著低于对照组(7.60 vs 8.85)。综上所述,在新疆褐牛育肥过程中,可以通过提高甜菜糖蜜饲喂量来提高日粮能量水平,继而提高育肥增重速度与宰前活重,并显著提高饲料转化效率。 相似文献
3.
本文旨在研究复方植物精油对瘤胃发酵产物如挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)以及氨氮等生成的影响，对肉牛氮吸收以及生产性能的影响。采用5只安装永久瘤胃瘘管的波尔山羊采集瘤胃液进行体外实验，将瘤胃液进行分组并加入0.2 g/kg复方植物精油和百里香酚培养24 h,采用气相色谱及分光光度法检测发酵产物中VFA以及氨氮的含量；另外，选取60头荷斯坦肉牛，随机分为3组，每组20个重复，对照组饲喂基础日粮，Ep组添加0.2 g/kg复方植物精油，Tm组添加0.2 g/kg百里香酚，实验进行15周。Ep组乙酸的浓度降低12.3%(P<0.05),Tm组乙酸浓度降低2.01%(P>0.05),Ep组丙酸的浓度提高17.2%(P<0.05),乳酸浓度降低13.6%(P<0.05),各组间总VFA没有显著差异。肉牛生产实验结果显示，Ep组肉牛末增重与饲料报酬分别提高14.41%和15.28%(P<0.01);Tm组肉牛末增重和饲料报酬分别提高9.32%和13.19%(P<0.05);粪便检测结果发现，Ep组与Tm组可使饲料中氮的利用率分别提高13.1%与7.86%(P<0.0... 相似文献
4.
试验旨在研究发酵0、3、7、15、30 d的全混合日粮(TMR)对瘤胃降解特性以及小肠消化率的影响。选用3头体重为550 kg左右、安装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的荷斯坦奶牛,采用尼龙袋法和三步体外法测定发酵全混合日粮(FTMR)的干物质(DM)、粗蛋白质(CP)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)的瘤胃降解率以及瘤胃未降解蛋白(RUP)的小肠消化率。结果表明:随着发酵时间的延长,FTMR饲料的DM含量显著降低(P<0.05);随着发酵时间的延长,显著提高FTMR的DM、CP、NDF的瘤胃降解率(P<0.05)和CP、NDF的快速降解部分(P <0.05);同时发酵显著降低RUP的小肠消化率(P <0.05)。综上可知,全混合日粮提高了DM、CP和NDF在瘤胃中的瘤胃降解率,15、30 d的FTMR各营养成分的瘤胃降解性较好;RUP的小肠消化率随发酵时间的延长开始逐渐降低,7d之后降低最为明显。因此,应控制好TMR的发酵时间,以便更有效地利用饲料资源。 相似文献
5.
[目的]分析肉牛场不同牛群全混合日粮(TMR)的粒度和饲料消化率。[方法]在固原市瑞科丰农牧科技有限公司选取西门塔尔牛犊牛、母牛、育肥牛各120头作为试验牛群,对照组和试验组各60头,试验组日粮中添加酵母培养物AYC-X6,对照组未添加。[结果]结果表明,断奶犊牛和育肥牛TMR日粮粒度第2层比例最高分别为51.60%,52.9%。母牛第1,2,3层比例基本相同,在20.30%～21.85%之间。犊牛日粮中添加酵母培养物AYC-X6后第1,2层筛上物合计35%,比例下降,说明犊牛消化程度增加,消化率提高。育肥牛日粮第1,2层筛上物合计分别为64%,48%,分别比对照组降低8%,24%。[结论]肉牛TMR日粮粒度越大,粗饲料越长,过瘤胃速度越慢;育肥前期粗饲料长度为2.5 cm,育肥后期粗饲料长度3.5 cm。断奶犊牛和育肥牛日粮中添加酵母培养物AYC-X6提高了饲料消化率。 相似文献
6.
为了探讨花生秧粉碎对全混合日粮(total mixed ration, TMR)物理特性及湖羊生产性能的影响，试验将健康、体重为(15.77±1.27)kg的48只断奶湖羊公羔随机分为对照组(饲喂未粉碎的花生秧)和试验组[饲喂经粉碎(筛孔直径8 mm)的花生秧],每组6个重复，每个重复4只。预试期为10 d,正试期为30 d。花生秧(粉碎、未粉碎)、精料补充料及试验组和对照组的TMR用几何法取样，每10 d取样1次，混匀后用四分法取样，使用宾州筛(PSPS)测定饲料的平均粒度、物理有效系数(pef)>8.00、pef>4.00、物理有效中性洗涤纤维(peNDF);收集各层饲料样品称重，测定样品容重；在试验开始前和结束后，对所有羊空腹称重，记录初重和末重，计算平均日增重、平均日采食量和料重比；统计日粮成本、盈利等经济效益情况。结果表明：花生秧粉碎后TMR的平均粒度、pef>8.00和peNDF>8.00显著降低(P<0.05),TMR的容重显著提高(P<0.05);... 相似文献
7.
本试验旨在研究甘蔗青贮饲料的基因型和成熟期对肉牛瘤胃纤维消化率、采食量、瘤胃发酵、瘤胃动力学和瘤胃细菌数量的影响。试验采用2×2因子设计,即两个基因型(高和低中性洗涤纤维消化率)和2个收割期(早熟和晚熟)。试验日粮以40%青贮甘蔗饲料为试验料。结果:饲喂早熟甘蔗青贮饲料时干物质采食量较大,但仅表现在低中性洗涤纤维消化率基因型(P<0.05)。早熟甘蔗日粮较晚熟甘蔗日粮显著提高了中性洗涤纤维摄入量(P<0.05)。饲喂低中性洗涤纤维基因型饲粮时,瘤胃池干物质、中性洗涤纤维和不可消化中性洗涤纤维含量更高(P<0.05)。饲喂高中性洗涤纤维消化率品种的青贮甘蔗时,中性洗涤纤维和不可消化中性洗涤纤维过瘤胃速率更高(P<0.05)。饲喂早熟青贮甘蔗饲料的肉牛瘤胃pH较大,但表现在高中性洗涤纤维消化率品种组(P<0.05)。饲喂早熟青贮甘蔗饲料时,低中性洗涤纤维消化率品种组肉牛瘤胃短链脂肪酸总浓度较高(P<0.05)。晚熟期青贮甘蔗较早熟期显著提高了埃氏巨球型菌相对含量(P<0.05)。综上所述,采用高中性洗涤纤维消化率品种的青贮甘蔗饲喂生长期肉牛,可以通过更快的纤维过瘤胃速率和纤维周转对瘤胃池产生积极影响,这可能有利于提高采食量。 相似文献
8.
《饲料工业》2021,(5)
试验利用发酵全混合饲料(fermented total mixed ration,FTMR)和未发酵的全混合饲料(totalmixed ration,TMR)为发酵底物,探讨2种饲料在绵羊体外瘤胃培养6 h和24 h对产气量、纤维降解率、纤维降解菌数量以及瘤胃发酵特性的影响。结果表明:培养6 h后,FTMR组的气体生成量极显著低于TMR组(P0.01),乙酸、丙酸以及总挥发性脂肪酸的生成量显著高于TMR组(P0.05)。培养24 h后,FTMR组干物质和中性洗涤纤维降解率极显著高于TMR组(P0.01),pH值显著低于TMR组(P0.05),乙酸含量极显著高于TMR组(P0.01),丙酸和总挥发性脂肪酸的含量显著高于TMR组(P0.05),两种重要的纤维降解菌Ruminococcus albus和Ruminococcus flavefaciens的拷贝数极显著高于TMR组(P0.01)。说明TMR经过发酵处理后可以提升纤维降解菌数量、干物质和中性洗涤纤维降解率、促进瘤胃发酵。 相似文献
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10.
瘤胃素(Rumensin)系莫能菌素(M-onensin)作为改进肉牛饲料利用率的添加剂的商品名称。该产品自1975年被美国正式列入肉牛饲料添加剂以来,已广泛应用于肉牛饲养业。其制剂瘤胃素钠,瘤胃微生物对它无适应性,因而作用时间较长。大量试验证明,补饲瘤胃素,可降低饲料消耗,提高饲料利用率和日增重,控制瘤胃发酵,且残留量小,对人安全。因而是一种极有发展前途的饲料添加剂。 相似文献
11.
针对我国粗饲料资源较差以及广泛存在的青贮铡切较长等现实问题,本研究旨在为制定适合于中国饲料资源条件的青贮以及不同生长和泌乳阶段奶牛的TMR分级标准提供基础数据。本试验对北京地区规模化奶牛场的玉米青贮和TMR样品进行颗粒度筛分和常规营养成分测定,并与美国宾州颗粒度分级筛（PSPS）的TMR颗粒度和日粮NDF推荐值进行比较。通过比对发现我国玉米青贮的饲料颗粒度普遍偏大,第一层筛网上的饲料比例远超过宾州筛3%～5%的推荐值。新产牛和高产牛TMR样品位于第一层筛网上的饲料比例绝大多数超过了8%,第二层筛网上的饲料比例比美国推荐值要低15%～25%,这可能是由于粗饲料（青贮和干草）颗粒度过长造成的。高产牛和新产牛日粮NDF含量处于35%～42%,基本上在美国宾州筛推荐的中低产奶牛日粮的NDF范围,这与我国的粗饲料资源有限、质量不高、粗饲料铡切长度有关。因而,我国牧场不能照搬美国宾州筛的TMR分级标准,而应根据我国粗饲料的国情,制订适合于中国饲料资源条件的青贮与不同生长和泌乳阶段奶牛的TMR分级标准。 相似文献
12.
[目的]评价3种瘤胃缓冲剂对肉牛的采食量和消化利用率的影响。[方法]试验对24头425 kg左右西门塔尔肉牛服用缓冲剂后的采食量、粪筛数据以及养分表观消化率进行分析。[结果]日粮中添加0.8%巴菲特处理的采食量较日粮中添加2%小苏打和1%瘤胃缓冲剂分别增加了2.6%和1.94%,日粮中添加0.8%巴菲特处理粪便筛上层、中层、下层占比试验后较试验前分别降低了44.7%,59.14%以及增高了55.92%。日粮中添加0.8%巴菲特处理肉牛的DM、GE、CP、NDF和ADF的表观消化率都有不同程度提高(P<0.05)。[结论]日粮中添加0.4%巴菲特瘤胃修复剂可提高肉牛的采食量,对其饲料表观消化率有明显的促进作用。 相似文献
13.
Effects of physically effective fiber on chewing activity, ruminal fermentation, and digestibility in goats 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of physically effective NDF (peNDF) in goat diets containing alfalfa hay as the sole forage source on feed intake, chewing activity, ruminal fermentation, and nutrient digestibility. Four rumen-fistulated goats were fed different proportions of chopped and ground alfalfa hay in a 4 × 4 Latin square design. Diets were chemically similar but varied in peNDF content: low, moderate low, moderate high, and high. Dietary peNDF content was determined using the Penn State Particle Separator with 2 sieves (8 and 19 mm) or 3 sieves (1.18, 8, and 19 mm). The dietary peNDF content ranged from 1.9 to 11.7% using the 2 sieves and from 15.2 to 20.0% using the 3 sieves. Increasing forage particle length increased intake of peNDF, but decreased DMI linearly (P = 0.05). Ruminating and total chewing time (min/d) were increased linearly (P = 0.001 and 0.007, respectively) with increased dietary peNDF, resulting in a linear reduction (P < 0.001) in the duration of time that ruminal pH was less than 5.8 (10.9, 9.0, 1.2, and 0.3 h/d, respectively). Increasing dietary peNDF tended to increase the molar proportion of propionate linearly (P = 0.08) and decrease the molar proportion of butyrate (P = 0.09), but did not affect total VFA concentration. Increasing dietary peNDF linearly decreased the apparent digestibility of OM, NDF, and ADF in the total tract (P = 0.009, 0.003, and 0.008, respectively). This study demonstrated that increasing the dietary peNDF contained in alfalfa hay forage stimulated chewing activity and improved ruminal pH status, but reduced nutrient intake and efficiency of feed use. 相似文献
14.
Feeding behavior and ruminal acidosis in beef cattle offered a total mixed ration or dietary components separately 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Moya D Mazzenga A Holtshausen L Cozzi G González LA Calsamiglia S Gibb DG McAllister TA Beauchemin KA Schwartzkopf-Genswein K 《Journal of animal science》2011,89(2):520-530
Eighty continental crossbred beef heifers (414.9 ± 37.9 kg of BW), 16 of which were ruminally cannulated, were used in a 52-d experiment with a generalized randomized block design, to assess if self-selection of dietary ingredients modulates ruminal pH and improves rumen function of feedlot finishing cattle. Treatments were total mixed ration [TMR; 85% barley grain (BG), 10% corn silage (CS), 5% supplement]; or free-choice (self-selection; FC) diets of barley grain and corn silage (BGCS), barley grain and wheat distillers grain (BGDG), or corn silage and wheat distillers grain (CSDG). Heifers were housed in groups of 10 in 8 pens equipped with the GrowSafe System (Airdrie, AB, Canada) enabling feed intake and feeding behavior to be continuously monitored. Two cannulated heifers were randomly assigned to each pen and equipped with indwelling pH probes for continuous measurement of ruminal pH during 4 periods (d 1 to 4, d 7 to 14, d 21 to 28, and d 42 to 49). Rumen fluid samples were collected from cannulated heifers on d 7 and 42 before feed delivery, and on d 4 and 49 at 2 h post-feed delivery for determination of VFA. Heifers fed the TMR had shorter (P = 0.01) and smaller (P = 0.03) meals than those fed the FC diets. Cattle fed BGCS and BGDG increased (P < 0.01) intake of BG over time by up to 80 and 70%, respectively. Increased consumption of BG arose from an increase (P < 0.01) in eating rate over the same (P > 0.10) feeding time, which was accompanied by an increase (P < 0.05) in eating rate but a decrease (P < 0.05) in feeding time of either CS or DG. Even with increased BG consumption, ruminal pH and VFA profiles were not different (P > 0.10) among FC diets or compared with the TMR. Cattle fed FC CSDG consumed DG at 60% of dietary DM over the trial, resulting in greater (P < 0.05) mean ruminal pH and acetate-to-propionate ratio and less (P < 0.05) area under the curve than those given the other FC diets or the TMR. Finishing feedlot cattle fed FC diets containing BG self-regulate intake of diets that have a similar composition, intake level, and ruminal fermentation profile to those fed a TMR. 相似文献
15.
本试验研究了全混合日粮(TMR)粒度对奶牛采食、咀嚼活动和生产性能的影响,以探讨TMR适宜的粒度及制作过程中苜蓿、羊草的适宜搅拌时间。选用4头经产泌乳中期[泌乳时间(85±7)d]荷斯坦奶牛[体重(616.8±44.3)kg]进行4×4拉丁方设计。通过改变苜蓿、羊草搅拌时间改变TMR粒度,分为4组,分别为细颗粒牧草(FH)组(苜蓿搅拌12 min,羊草搅拌20 min)、中细颗粒牧草(M FH)组(苜蓿搅拌9 min,羊草搅拌15 min)、中长颗粒牧草(M LH)组(苜蓿搅拌6 min,羊草搅拌10 min)和长颗粒牧草(LH)组(苜蓿搅拌3 min,羊草搅拌5 min)。共进行4期试验,每期持续19 d,其中预试期14 d,采样期5 d。记录采样期前3 d的产奶量并采集奶样测定乳成分,采样期的第2和3天视频监控记录奶牛咀嚼活动,采样期最后2 d采集粪样测定养分表观消化率。结果表明:TMR粒度对干物质、有机物、中性洗涤纤维、氮的表观消化率有显著影响(P0.05),与MLH组和LH组相比,FH组和MFH组的表观消化率较高。TMR粒度对奶牛干物质、物理有效中性洗涤纤维、中性洗涤纤维、氮的摄入量,产奶量和乳成分无显著影响(P0.05)。没有观察到TMR粒度对奶牛咀嚼时间有显著影响(P0.05),也没有观察到TM R粒度对血浆生化指标有显著影响(P0.05)。结果提示,TM R适宜的粒度分布如下:≥19.00 mm、8.00~(19.00)mm、1.18~(8.00)mm和1.18 mm的干物质比例分别为45.20%、25.50%、16.55%和12.75%;TM R中苜蓿和羊草适宜搅拌时间分别为9和15 min。 相似文献
16.
Adequate forage amounts in both physical and chemical forms are necessary for proper ruminal function in dairy cows. Under conditions in which total amounts of forage or particle size of the forage are reduced, cows spend less time ruminating and have a decreased amount of buoyant digesta in the rumen. These factors reduce saliva production and allow ruminal pH to fall, depressing activity of cellulolytic bacteria and causing a prolonged period of low ruminal pH. Insufficient particle size of the diet decreases the ruminal acetate-to-propionate ratio and reduces ruminal pH. The mean particle size of the diet, the variation in particle size, and the amount of chemical fiber (i.e., NDF or ADF) are all nutritionally important for dairy cows. Defining amounts and physical characteristics of fiber is important in balancing dairy cattle diets. Because particle size plays such an important role in digestion and animal performance, it must be an important consideration from harvest through feeding. Forages should not be reduced in particle size beyond what is necessary to achieve minimal storage losses and what can be accommodated by existing equipment. Forage and total mixed ration (TMR) particle sizes are potentially reduced in size by all phases of harvesting, storing, taking out of storage, mixing, and delivery of feed to the dairy cow. Mixing feed causes a reduction in size of all feed particles and is directly related to TMR mixing time; field studies show that the longest particles (>27 mm) may be reduced in size by 50%. Forage and TMR particle size as fed to the cows should be periodically monitored to maintain adequate nutrition for the dairy cow. 相似文献