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植物应对磷胁迫的方法之一是改变根系的构型。以水稻SUMO化E3连接酶SIZ1突变体ossiz1为供试材料,研究了OsSIZ1在水稻根发育中的作用以及其与磷胁迫、生长素之间的关系。与野生型相比,OsSIZ1抑制ossiz1种子根和不定根的伸长,促进侧根密度的增加和根毛的增多。缺磷时,突变体ossiz1的反应更强烈,即不定根伸长、侧根密度增大和根毛增多的趋势更加明显。说明OsSIZ1参与调控水稻根构型的改变,低磷时效果更明显。ossiz1地上部和地下部的总磷浓度显著高于野生型,说明OsSIZ1在水稻中负调控磷素的吸收利用。定量RT-PCR结果显示,ossiz1中OsYUCCA1和OsPIN1a/1b的相对表达量显著高于野生型,说明OsSIZ1负调控根中生长素的合成与极性运输,并且缺磷时负调控作用减弱。结果表明,SUMO化E3连接酶OsSIZ1调控缺磷条件下根构型的形成,而且这一过程可能是通过调控生长素分布完成的。 相似文献
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非编码RNA是在真核生物中发现的具有调控功能的RNA,能够以各种方式参与植物的生长发育、信号转导以及逆境胁迫等生命过程。甜菜是我国重要的糖料作物,最近研究发现非编码RNA中的miRNA能够以多种方式参与到甜菜应对盐胁迫、干旱胁迫及养分胁迫的应答中。另外,在病毒侵染甜菜过程中发现非编码RNA起到重要作用。因此研究甜菜非编码RNA对于甜菜的种植和品种改良具有重要意义。本文简要综述了目前研究较多的miRNA、lncRNA和circRNA的产生方式及调控机制,并介绍了miRNA参与甜菜逆境胁迫和lncRNA影响甜菜春化机制的一些研究,旨在对未来甜菜非编码RNA的进一步研究提供理论指导。 相似文献
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DREB转录因子在植物抗逆胁迫中的作用机理及应用研究进展 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：6
干旱、高盐和低温等非生物胁迫严重影响植物的生长发育和作物产量。转录因子在调节植物生长发育以及对外界环境胁迫的响应方面起着重要作用。DREB转录因子含有一个保守的AP2/EREBP结构域,参与外界环境胁迫的应答响应,通过结合DRE(Dehydration responsive element)顺式作用元件,调控下游胁迫相关基因的转录表达,改良植物的抗性。本文在前人研究的基础上,综述了DREB转录因子的结构特征、介导的信号传递途径、对非生物胁迫的响应以及转基因的研究进展,旨在为作物的抗逆育种提供理论依据。 相似文献
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《花生学报》2015,(1)
WRKY转录因子家族是植物转录调控因子中最大的家族之一,研究已经表明该家族在植物盐胁迫应答相关的转录调控过程中发挥着重要作用。WRKY基因介导激活盐胁迫应答和调节相关基因的信号转导,因而调节这些WRKY基因的表达模式和/或改变其活性最终导致植物盐胁迫的耐受性。另外,同一个WRKY基因往往同时在多个胁迫应答过程中起作用,表明其在植物胁迫应答中功能的多样性。WRKY蛋白通过蛋白与蛋白之间的协同作用以及自我调控或者交叉调控方式实现其功能,这有助于了解WRKY蛋白介导的信号和转录调控过程的复杂机制。花生是重要的油料作物,盐胁迫对其生长发育危害严重,WRKY基因在花生耐盐过程中可能也起重要作用,但相关功能和机制研究很少。本文综述了近期的研究进展,以揭示WRKY转录因子在植物盐胁迫应答中的作用。 相似文献
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随着我国科技力量的飞速发展,科学家们在激素受体基因分离鉴定、激素控制株型以及激素间的相互作用等方面取得了突破性进展,其中生长素(IAA)在协调体内外调节机制中起着不可或缺的作用;细胞分裂素(CTK)可以通过对细胞分裂与分化的调节而参与对水稻生长发育的调控;赤霉素作为植物生长的必需激素之一,调控植物生长发育的各个方面,如:种子萌发,下胚轴的伸长,叶片的生长和水稻开花时间等;脱落酸(ABA)同样也是一种重要的植物激素,受到生物胁迫和非生物胁迫的调控,在水稻对胁迫耐受性和抗性中发挥着重要作用;乙烯(ETH)则是一种多功能的植物激素,它在水稻生长发育和应对生物及非生物胁迫过程中起着重要作用。本文着重阐述了近几年植物激素在生理学研究方面的研究进展,提出了我国在植物激素研究领域的未来发展方向与趋势,同时也展望了植物激素研究对水稻重要农业性状改良的意义。 相似文献
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选择性剪接是基因表达调控的重要机制，在植物发育、抗病和应对环境胁迫等方面起着重要的作用。近年来，新一代测序技术在植物基因组和转录组测序领域得到广泛应用，植物选择性剪接研究取得了一些新进展。本文就此进行了综述，包括选择性剪接占植物功能基因的比例、选择性剪接的类型及其调控机制等内容，并提出了今后植物上的研究重点应放在选择性剪接的功能方面。 相似文献
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Plant root hairs are important structures on the root surface for absorption of water, inorganic and organic nutrients. The root hairs which are regulated by both genetic and environmental factors, also play important roles when plants are dealing with environmental stress conditions. In this review, we analyzed how stress such as P deficiency, genetic factors and the core regulatory network composed of ABA，ETH, ABA work together during the regulation of rice root hair development. At last, we come up with issues which remains unclear but are critical and could be potential research focus. 相似文献
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《Field Crops Research》2006,97(1):111-119
Since their early migration from aquatic environments to the land, plants have had to cope with periodic and unpredictable environmental stresses during growth and development. Surviving such stresses over a long evolutionary scale led plants to acquire mechanisms by which they can sensitively perceive incoming stresses and regulate their physiology accordingly. The plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) plays a major role in plant responses to stress. Although rapid production of ABA in response to drought and salt stresses is essential to define ABA as a stress hormone, an equally rapid catabolism of ABA when such stresses are relieved is also essential in that role. Since ABA mediates so many stress responses, the initial perception of dehydration and the subsequent changes in gene expression that lead to rapid ABA biosynthesis constitute the most important stress signal transduction pathway among all the plant responses to stresses. Identification of the genes involved and understanding their roles during stress perception and physiological regulation has become an important and exciting research field in recent years. This review covers mainly our understanding of this aspect. ABA-induced changes in gene expression and their roles in physiological regulation are dealt with in less detail. 相似文献
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连作大豆根冠比增大原因的研究 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6
通过对轮、连作大豆干物质积累量的定期测定，发现连作大豆根、冠干物质积累量均低于轮作，根冠比（Ｒ／Ｓ，干重比）增大。这主要是由于连作大豆根系病虫害加重，磷、钾等元素亏缺，水分胁迫较重，内源生长素（ＩＡＡ）、赤霉素（ＧＡ３）、玉米素核苷（ＺＲｓ）、脱落酸（ＡＢＡ）的含量及比例变化导致冠部降低幅度大于根系，最终使根冠比增大。 相似文献
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脱落酸(ABA)是一类重要的植物内源激素,在调控植物生长发育和胁迫响应等方面发挥着关键作用。基因作为ABA的受体,在ABA信号转导过程中发挥着重要作用。为深入发掘野生二粒小麦PYL基因,本研究利用生物信息学对野生二粒小麦的PYL家族进行全基因组鉴定与分析。结果在野生二粒小麦基因组中共鉴定到24个PYL基因(TdPYLs),分布在1A、1B、2A、2B、3A、3B、4A、4B、7A和7B染色体上,且所有成员均含有PYR-PYL-RCAR-like功能域;系统进化分析发现,24个TdPYL基因可分为3个亚家族,同一亚家族成员间具有相似的基因结构和保守结构域;对这些PYL基因的启动子顺式元件进行预测,发现它们含有大量与逆境胁迫、光调节和ABA响应相关的元件;基于RNA-seq数据的表达特性分析发现,它们在不同组织中以及逆境胁迫下表达差异明显,并鉴定到多个与组织特异性以及胁迫响应相关的PYL基因;进一步对PYL基因的单倍型组成进行分析,发现在野生二粒小麦、栽培二粒小麦和硬粒小麦中PYL基因的遗传变异和单倍型组成具有明显的差异,发生了显著的遗传分化。本研究为深入揭示野生二粒小麦PYL基因的调控功能及其进化机制研究提供了有益信息。 相似文献
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《中国油料作物学报(英文)》2021,6(3):151-157
AM1 (ABA-mimicking ligand) is a newly identified signaling molecule for plants during drought tolerance. To investigate the potential role of AM1 in response of rapeseed to drought stress, we conducted experiments by growing rapeseed plants under different levels of drought stress with or without applying AM1 or ABA in a rain shelter. The results indicated that drought significantly inhibited rapeseed growth by damaging the photosynthesis system, increasing active oxygen accumulation, destroying the oxidative system, and worsening membrane lipid peroxidation. Exogenously applied AM1 and ABA both relieved the damage to rapeseed that was induced by drought stress. Compared with the drought-treated rapeseed, the AM1 treatment significantly improved plant height, number of green leaves, root collar thickness, leaf area, dry matter weight, and root cap ratios of rapeseed. In addition, Pn, Gs, Ci, Tr were significantly increased by the AM1 treatment. The AM1 treatment also alleviated the drought-induced reductions in Fv/Fm, ΦPSII, qN and ETR; induced an increase in NPQ; and resulted in decreased active oxygen accumulation and membrane lipid peroxidation. Although the ABA treatment relieved photosynthetic fluorescence and antioxidation system parameters to some extent, the effect was inferior to AM1 treatment. Yield under AM1 treatment was higher than that under ABA treatment but was still far lower than that of normal water supply control. In summary, AM1 is functionally similar to ABA in terms of drought relief and regulation, moreover has a better effect. 相似文献
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R. Venuprasad S.M. ImpaR.P. Veeresh Gowda G.N. AtlinR. Serraj 《Field Crops Research》2011,123(1):38-46
The development of near-isogenic-lines (NILs) is a very important tool for both genetic and physiological dissection of drought resistance in rice. Two pairs of NILs differing for grain yield under drought stress were isolated and characterized for yield, yield related traits, and several physiological traits in a range of contrasting environments. In replicated field trials both NIL pairs differed significantly for grain yield under drought stress but showed similar yield potential, phenology, and yield component traits under non-stress conditions. A polymorphism analysis study with 491 SSRs revealed that both NIL pairs are at least 96% genetically similar. These NILs show that small genetic differences can cause large difference in grain yield under drought stress in rice. In both pairs the drought-tolerant NILs showed a significantly higher assimilation rate at later stages both under stress and non-stress conditions. They also had a higher transpiration rate under non-stress condition. The most tolerant NIL (IR77298-14-1-2-B-10) had significantly higher transpiration rate and stomatal conductance in severe stress conditions. In one pair the tolerant NIL had constitutively deeper roots than the susceptible NIL. In the second pair, which had higher mean root length than the first pair, the tolerant NIL had more roots, greater root thickness, and greater root dry weight than the susceptible NIL. Deeper root length may allow tolerant NILs to extract more water at deeper soil layers. It is concluded that enhanced rooting depth is an important strategy for dehydration avoidance and rice adaptation to drought stress, but root architecture might not be the only mechanism causing the significant yield increase we observed in lowland drought stress environments. To further dissect the drought avoidance mechanisms in rice, analysis of root hydraulic properties may be necessary. 相似文献