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Six kinds of extracts drawn fromAjuga multiflora andA. multiflora var.brevispicata and A. multiflora var.serotina using methanol and acetone were used in this experiment to test their killing activity to the second instar larvae ofHyphantria cunea and their influence on its natural enemies. The average death rate caused by those extracts on the second instar larvae was
85.70%. The mortality rate caused by the extracts drawn with methanol was from 88.89% to 96.33%, which was significantly higher
than that caused by acetone extracts. Those extracts were safe toTrichogramma dendrolimi, Coccinella septempunctata, the natural enemies ofH. cunea. We did not found any evidence shown that those extracts had any influence the emergence and the development ofT. dendrolimi. Those methanolic extracts gotten fromA. multiflora andA. multiflora var.brevispicata had no significant effects on the mortality of the larvae and adults ofC. septempunctata. Those extracts could be used in the control ofH. cunea safely.
The research was sponsored by National Nature Science Fundation (39470586)
(Responsible Editor: Chai Ruihai) 相似文献
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从不同地点、不同时间采集的多花筋骨草植株不同部位中提取出昆虫蜕皮激素类似物,通过向幼虫人工饲料中添加昆虫蜕皮激素类似物的方法,研究了筋骨草中植物源蜕皮激素对杨干象2龄幼虫的杀虫作用。实验结果表明:(1)在人工饲料中加入1-3 ml的筋骨草提取物,在24天内可以杀死 58%~100%的幼虫;(2)从开花前的筋骨草中提取出的物质的杀虫效果明显优于从花期和开花后的植物中提取出的物质的杀虫作用, 其1 mL、2 mL和3 mL剂量全株提取物的杀虫效果分别达到65.22%、85.07%和98.11%(幼虫校正死亡率);(3)植株的根部提取的昆虫蜕皮激素类似物的杀虫效果要比茎部或叶部提取的好,1 mL、2 mL、3 mL剂量提取物的杀虫效果分别达到100%、98.20%和98.32%;(4)筋骨草提取物的杀虫速度较慢,处理杨干象2龄幼虫16天后杀虫率才超过50%;(5)幼虫取食加有筋骨草提取物的饲料时间长短直接影响幼虫死亡率,16天的取食,幼虫死亡率达到80%以上。筋骨草采集地点和填加植物源蜕皮激素的方式对杀虫效果的影响较小。图3表3参21。 相似文献
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IntroductionDuringapproximately2Oomillionyears'coexistence,plantandanimalkingdomshaveaffected-eachotherindifferentways.ManyplantsproduceaIlelochemicals(secondaryplantsubstances)whichaffectonthelifeofherbivores.Someoftheallelochemica1scaninterferewiththeho… 相似文献
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美国白蛾新天敌—蠋敌捕食能力的初步观察 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
首次报道美国白蛾Hyphantria cunea(Drury)的一种捕食性天敌——蠋敌Arma chinensis(Fallou),简述了蠋敌的生物学特性。在商河县,蠋敌在美国白蛾幼虫网幕枝中的分布率为2.33%～17.86%;记述了蠋敌的捕食习性和规律,经室内饲养,统计出各龄若虫和成虫的捕食量,从若虫到成虫,最大捕食量为2头3龄、7头4龄、5头5龄、23头6龄共37头白蛾幼虫;最小取食量为4头2龄、8头3龄、1头4龄、1头5龄、2头6龄共16头白蛾幼虫;分析并指出蠋敌对美国白蛾具有较强的控制能力,是自然界中影响美国白蛾种群密度的重要因子。 相似文献
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为了探索生物药剂对美国白蛾的防效，本试验选用HycuNPV与BT复配，在湖北大悟县开展美国白蛾幼虫喷雾防治试验，结果表明：用单一HycuNPV防治第一代美国白蛾幼虫施药7、10、13 d后校正死亡率分别为26.71%、67.96%、99.88%。用单一HycuNPV防治第三代美国白蛾幼虫施药7、10、13、15 d后校正死亡率分别为17.3%、40.67%、80.33%、91.67%。HycuNPV与BT复配防治美国白蛾第一代幼虫施药7、10、13 d后校正死亡率分别为66%、95.44%、99.88%。HycuNPV与BT复配防治美国白蛾第三代幼虫施药7、10、13、15 d后校正死亡率为43.33%、76.67%、91.33%、96%。均说明HycuNPV与BT复配致死速度快，明显快于单一HycuNPV。防治第一代与第三代美国白蛾幼虫试验结果一致，但防治第一代效果更好。HycuNPV与BT复配，增效作用明显，还可显著降低防治成本。 相似文献
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Chloroform, ethyl acetate, butanol and methanol extracts of fruit mesocarp of Balanites aegyptiaca and five fractions from the methanol extract were tested against the Aedes aegypti mosquito larvae. All extracts showed larvicidal effects however the highest larval mortality was found in methanol extract. One fraction obtained from the silica gel column chromatography of the latter was found most effective for larval mortality. This fraction also interfered with adult emergence. A concentration of 0.0014% (w/v) of this active fraction showed inhibition of the 50% of the test larval population from emerging adults (EC(50)). The analysis of total saponin content of these tested extracts and fractions revealed a strong correlation between saponin content and larval mortality. 相似文献
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利用8种不同类型的农药对美国白蛾3龄幼虫进行了致死效果试验。结果表明,4.5%高效氯氰菊酯乳油、25%高氯.辛硫磷乳油对美国白蛾致死速度最快,在36h的致死率均达100%。48%毒死蜱乳油、5.7%高氯.氟铃脲乳油在48h的致死率也达到了100%,3.2%阿维菌素乳油2000倍液在72h的致死效果达到了97.5%,0.2%甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐乳油1000倍液在72h的致死效果达到了90%。而5%氟铃脲乳油和5%灭幼脲乳油在72h对美国白蛾的致死率较低,仅分别达到27.6%、42.2%。 相似文献
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美国白蛾是一种世界性检疫害虫。通过对苦参碱防治美国白蛾原理的应用,采用4个重复5个处理的防治试验,结果表明,应用苦参碱可对寄生在核桃、京桃、辽梅和火炬树等4个树种的美国白蛾有防治效果,确定1 000～1 500倍液,防治率达到80%以上,防治前后有虫株率和虫口网幕密度分别下降29.5%和1.3个。 相似文献
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选取6种目前国内防治美国白蛾常用药剂,模拟林间施药方式对美国白蛾的重要天敌--白蛾周氏啮小蜂施药处理;对美国白蛾5龄幼虫进行叶片带毒(美国白蛾核型多角体病毒)饲养直至化蛹,以这些蛹为宿主繁育该小蜂.结果表明:高效氯氰菊酯、阿维菌素对白蛾周氏啮小蜂成虫寿命有很大影响,能显著降低成虫存活时间.杀铃脲、灭幼脲Ⅲ号、苏云金芽孢杆菌和美国白蛾核型多角体病毒对成虫寿命无显著影响.美国白蛾核型多角体病毒对白蛾周氏啮小蜂的繁殖没有显著影响,完全可以利用该病毒配合白蛾周氏啮小蜂防治美国白蛾. 相似文献
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Bela Darva Josep Coll Toledano Chi Defu Li Yuwen Jin Chuanling Lou Yanming Wu Jing Tai 《林业研究》1997,8(3):160-163
Several phytoecdysteroids have been found in the extracts ofA. multiflora andAlinerifolia using HPLC analysis. Those were 20-OH ecdysone, cyasterone. 3-acetate-20-OH ecdysone. 2-acetate-20-OH edysone, ajugalactone.
We found out that those phytoecdy steroids could lead the second instar larva ofClostera anastomosis andStilpnotia candida to death. The modified mortality rate was from 44.64% to 96.24%. Those extracts could significantly reduce the amount of
nymph produced by the femaleTuberolachnus salignus. The number of the nymph produced after treating with those extracts was only 20% to 70% of that produced by the untreated
group. The death rate of the newly produced nymph which treated was among 33.33% to 58.82%. It was much higher than the death
rate of the control group (17.57%).
This research project was sponsored by the Natural Sciences Fundation of Heilongjiang Province (94003)
Responsible Editor: Chai Ruihai 相似文献
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采用滤纸培养皿法研究了南方红豆杉叶浸提液对小麦种子萌发与幼苗生长的影响。研究结果发现,红豆杉叶浸提液对小麦种子的萌发和幼苗生长存在不同程度的抑制作用。低浓度的南方红豆杉浸提液促进小麦种子的萌发,高浓度浸提液抑制小麦种子的萌发。当浸提液浓度为6g/mL时,小麦种子的萌发率达到最高。南方红豆杉叶浸提液对小麦幼苗根系生长产生显著抑制作用。随着浸提液浓度的升高,小麦须根的长度逐渐下降,但不定根的数目逐渐增加。当浸提液的浓度为10g/mL时,根长抑制率达到42.48%。方差分析结果表明,南方红豆杉叶浸提液对小麦的根生长产生显著的抑制作用。对小麦幼苗的茎生长、根的生物量和茎的生物量均表现为低浓度的浸提液促进茎的生长和生物量的增加,高浓度浸提液则抑制茎的生长和生物量增加。研究结果表明,南方红豆杉浸提液表现低浓度时促进种子的萌发、须根数目的增加、茎的生物及生物量的增加,高浓度时则产生一定的抑制作用,而对根长的生长表现为显著的抑制作用。 相似文献