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兽医临床超广谱β-内酰胺酶的表型检测方法 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
β-内酰胺环类抗生素自上世纪60年代研制以来，一直广泛应用，目前占全球抗生素消量的50％，但近年来耐药菌株的出现使它们的使用受到严重威胁。研究显示，细菌对第三代头孢菌素的耐药主要是因为产生了能水解该类扰生素的超广谱β-内酰胺酶（Extend spectrum β-lactamses，ESBLs）。ESBLs大多是质粒介导的β-内酰胺酶，主要由大肠埃希氏菌与肺炎克雷伯菌产生，由于其能降低新的广谱头孢菌素的功效，造成体外药敏试验敏感而体内用药无效，严重影响β-内酰胺环类抗生素的疗效。 相似文献
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为探明泰州地区鸡源大肠杆菌产超广谱β-内酰胺酶(ESBLs)情况及耐药情况,对13株分离自泰州地区的鸡源大肠杆菌进行ESBLs检测,并采用微量肉汤稀释法测定不同药物对产ESBLs菌和非产ESBLs菌的最小抑菌浓度(MIC).结果显示,13株分离菌中有5株被确定为产ESBLs菌株,阳性率为38.5%.产ESBLs菌对β-内酰胺类抗菌药的耐药性极其严重,耐药率明显高于非产ESBLs菌,二者对氨苄西林的耐药率分别为100%和62.5%,对头孢噻呋的耐药率分别为100%和12.5%,对头孢曲松的耐药率分别为80%和20%,产ESBLs菌对其他抗菌药物的耐药率也明显高于非产ESBLs菌.氨苄西林与舒巴坦(2:1)联用与单用氨苄西林相比,对产ESBLs菌的MIC值降低至单用氨苄西林时的1/16~1/8,但对非产ESBLs菌的MIC值没有明显变化.氨苄西林与阿米卡星(1:1)联用与单用两者中的任何一种相比,对产ESBLs菌和非产ESBLs菌的MIC值均降低至单药时的1/16~1/2.结果表明,临床可选择β-内酰胺酶类抗生素与β-内酰胺酶抑制剂的混合制剂来治疗产ESBLs鸡大肠杆菌的感染,也可尝试将不同种类、不同作用机理药物联合应用来治疗鸡大肠杆菌感染,尤其是耐药性鸡大肠杆菌感染. 相似文献
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鸭大肠杆菌超广谱β-内酰胺酶的检测及药物敏感性分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
分析鸭大肠杆菌的耐药性与超广谱β-内酰胺酶的关系,为临床相关感染的治疗提供理论依据。采用CLSI推荐的初步筛选试验和表型确证试验方法,检测了临床分离的12株鸭大肠杆菌产超广谱β-内酰胺酶的情况,用微量稀释法测定了环丙沙星等9种抗菌药对其的抗菌活性。临床分离的12株鸭大肠杆菌中,有4株产超广谱β-内酰胺酶,检出率为33%。产超广谱β-内酰胺酶的菌株对多种药物耐药,对氟喹诺酮类药物之间产生交叉耐药,对氟喹诺酮类、氨基糖苷类、头孢菌素类产生多重耐药性,产酶菌的耐药性明显大于非产酶菌。产超广谱β-内酰胺酶是鸭大肠杆菌对抗菌药物产生耐药性的主要机制之一。 相似文献
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规模化猪场大肠杆菌β-内酰胺类药物耐药性检测及其超广谱β-内酰胺酶调查 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为阐明我国规模化猪场大肠杆菌(E.coli)对抗菌药物的耐药现状和耐药机制,本研究于2006年2月至2008年12月从19个省市97个规模化猪场分离鉴定602株E.coli,进行了4大类16种抗菌药物耐药性检测和产超广谱β-内酰胺酶(ESBLs)菌株的筛选,采用PCR方法检测了9种常见β-内酰胺酶耐药基因,对产ESLBs菌株进行了脉冲电场凝胶电泳(PFGE)分析.结果显示:E.coli分离株对抗菌药物产生了不同程度的耐药性,602株E.coli中共有57株产ESBLs,产ESBLs菌株普遍耐受第二及第三代头孢药物.分别有35株和20株E.coli为blaCTX-M型和blaSHv型ESBLs,尚未发现blaOXA型和blaKPC型.PFGE结果显示,产ESBLs菌株间同源性低,推测我国猪源E.coli产ESBLs多为零星发生或以质粒介导的形式传播.本研究为了解我国猪源E.coli对β-内酰胺类药物的耐药现状和ESBLs变化趋势提供了实验依据. 相似文献
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为了检测从野生草食动物临床标本中分离的62株奇异变形杆菌对23种抗菌药物的体外活性以及这些杆菌产生超广谱β-内酰胺酶、AmpC酶、金属β-内酰胺酶的情况,正确指导兽医临床合理使用抗菌药物。用API-20E对分离获得的菌株进行鉴定,双纸片协同试验和确证试验筛选超广谱β-内酰胺酶,纸片扩散法检测AmpC酶,改良Hodge试验检测金属β-内酰胺酶,药敏试验采用标准的纸片扩散法。实验证实分离获得的奇异变形杆菌产酶率为25.8%（16/62）,其中超广谱β-内酰胺酶为16.1%（10/62）,AmpC酶为9.7%（6/62）、金属β-内酰胺酶为0%（0/62）。头孢曲松钠、头孢他啶、头孢吡肟、氨曲南、亚胺培南、头孢噻肟钠、丁胺卡那霉素和左氧氟沙星的敏感率大于80%。这说明产β-内酰胺酶的奇异变形杆菌在野生草食动物临床中占较大的比例,实验室需加强检测。三代头孢菌素、四代头孢菌素、氨曲南、亚胺培南、丁胺卡那霉素和左氧氟沙星是治疗奇异变形杆菌感染的首选药物。 相似文献
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Evidence for the non-involvement of the uterus in the lifespan of the corpus luteum in the cyclic dog 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Progesterone levels in peripheral blood of dogs were analysed during the cycle in which hysterectomy (n = 5) or sham surgery (n = 3) was performed as well as during the cycle of dogs (n = 5) hysterectomized at least one year prior to this study; the data were compared with the findings in control dogs (n = 3). The averages of the duration of the luteal period observed in the three experimental groups were not significantly different from those of control dogs. Immediately after surgery, the progesterone level decreased from 25 to 50% of the presurgical level, but returned to presurgical level in about four days. Prolactin levels were elevated for about 30 h after surgery. Nevertheless, the averages of the mean prolactin levels for each animal during the luteal period of the experimental groups were not significantly different from those of control dogs. It is concluded that in the dog, the uterus is not involved in the lifespan of the cyclic corpus luteum. 相似文献
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Meschan EM Peham C Schobesberger H Licka TF 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2007,173(3):578-584
As there is no statistical evidence that saddle fit influences the load exerted on a horse's back, this study was performed to assess the hypothesis that the width of the tree significantly alters the pressure distribution on the back beneath the saddle. Nineteen sound horses were ridden at walk and trot on a treadmill with three saddles differing only in tree width. Kinetic data were recorded by a sensor mat. A minimum of 14 motion cycles were used in each trial. The saddles were classified into four groups depending on fit. For each horse, the saddle with the lowest overall force (LOF) was determined. Saddles were classified as "too-narrow" if they were one size (2 cm) narrower than the LOF saddle, and "too-wide" if they were one size (2 cm) wider than the LOF saddle. Saddles two sizes wider than LOF saddles were classified as "very-wide". In the group of narrow saddles, the pressure in the caudal third (walk 0.63 N/cm(2)+/-0.10; trot 1.08 N/cm(2)+/-0.26) was significantly higher compared to the LOF saddles (walk 0.50 N/cm(2)+/-0.09; trot 0.86 N/cm(2)+/-0.28). In the middle transversal third, the pressure of the wide saddles (walk 0.73 N/cm(2)+/-0.06; trot 1.52 N/cm(2)+/-0.19) and very-wide saddles (walk 0.77 N/cm(2)+/-0.06; trot 1.57 N/cm(2)+/-0.19) was significantly higher compared to LOF saddles (walk 0.65 N/cm(2)+/-0.10/ 0.63 N/cm(2)+/-0.11; trot 1.33 N/cm(2)+/-0.22/1.27 N/cm(2)+/-0.20). This study demonstrates that the load under poorly fitting saddles is distributed over a smaller area than under properly fitting saddles, leading to potentially harmful pressures peaks. 相似文献
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嗅源是军犬嗅觉作业训练的依据.军犬鉴别中嗅源能力的培养在整个鉴别训练中占有重要地位,关系到鉴别训练的成败和鉴别能力的提高.所以,军犬在嗅认嗅源时必须按照训犬员的指令充分、细致地感受嗅源气味,并且对嗅源气味产生兴奋反应.如何培养军犬充分嗅认嗅源以及及时解决嗅认过程中出现的问题,成为我们进行鉴别训练的关键.…… 相似文献
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Observations on the Pathology of the Spleen of the Cat 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Abstract— Lesions were found in the spleen of four of sixty-three cats examined post mortem in the department, and comprised two examples of lymphosarcoma, one of chronic fibrinous peritonitis and one of subcapsular haematoma. Abnormalities were found in two cat spleens received from veterinary surgeons in general practice. In one cat the abnormalities were an haemangiosarcoma with secondary deposits in the liver and in the other extensive mast cell infiltration. In addition lesions were detected in the spleen of three of eighty-seven cats examined post mortem in general practice. The lesions were: multiple secondary deposits of adenocarcinoma from a primary tumour of the mammary gland, a ruptured spleen and a foreign body below the splenic capsule. Résumé— L'examen microscopique de soixante-trois chats pratiqué dans le service a permis de rencontrer quatre fois des lésions de la rate, dont deux lymphosarcomes, une péritonite capsulaire fibrineuse et un hématome sous-capsulaire. D'autre part des lésions ont été trouvées dans deux rates de chat expédiées par des vétérinaires exerçant en pratiaue générale. Chez un chat il s'agissait d'un htmangiosarcome avec métastases hépatiques et chex l'autre d'une infilt ation diffuse par des mastocyta. De plus, on a rencontré des llésions dnas la rate de trois chats parmi quatre-vingt sept autopsies effectuées dans le cadre d'une clientèle génárale. Ces iésions étaient dés métastases multiples d'un adénocarcinome dont la tumeur primitive siègeait dam la glande mammaire, une rupture de la rate et un corps érangers sou capsulaire. Zusammenfassung— Läsionen der Milz wurden bei vier von dreiuiidsechzig in dieser hbteilung sezierten Katzen gefunden, und zwar in zwei Fällen ein Lymphosarkom, in einem Falle eine chron-ische fibrinöse Peritonitis und in einem ein subkapsuläres Hématom. Anomalien fanden sich auch in der Milz von zwei Katzen, die aus der tierxrztlichen Praxis eingesandt wurden. Bei der einen Katze war dies ein Hämangiosarkom mit Metastasen in der Leber, bei der anderen eine weitläufige Infiltration der Mastzellen. Außerdem wurden bei drei von siebenundachtzig in der Praxis sezierten Katzen Milzläsionen gefunden. Diese bestanden am multiplen Metastasen eines Adenokarzinoms der Brustdrüse, einer Milzzerreissung und einem Fremdkörper unterhalb der Milzkapsel. 相似文献